Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 rs671 polymorphism and multiple diseases: protocol for a quantitative umbrella review of meta-analyses.

BACKGROUND: The mutant allele (*2) of aldehyde dehydrogenase type 2 (ALDH2) caused by a single nucleotide variant (rs671) inhibits enzymatic activity and is associated with multiple diseases. In recent years, an explosive number of original studies and meta-analyses have been conducted to examine the associations of ALDH2 rs671 polymorphism with diseases. Due to conflicting results, the overall associations of ALDH2 rs671 polymorphism and multiple diseases remain unclear. METHODS: A quantitative umbrella review will be conducted on meta-analyses of genetic association studies to examine the pleiotropic effects of ALDH2 rs671, mainly including cardio-cerebral vascular disease, diabetes mellitus, cancer, neurodegenerative disease, and alcohol-induced medical disease. A search of relevant literature according to comprehensive search strategies will be performed on studies published before July 1st, 2022 in PubMed, MEDLINE Ovid, Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Web of Science. Study selection, data extraction, methodology quality assessment, and strength of evidence assessment will be conducted by two reviewers independently and in duplicate. Included meta-analyses will be grouped by outcomes. Data conflicts and overlap between meta-analyses will be managed through updated standardized and customized methods including the calculation of CCA for study selection reference, application of Doi plots to assess small-study effects and others. Evidence from included meta-analyses will be quantitatively synthesized by overlap-corrected analyses and meta-analysis using primary studies. DISCUSSION: This umbrella review is expected to generate systematic evidence on the association between ALDH2 rs671 and diseases. Specific approaches were developed to address key challenges in conducting an umbrella review, including assessment tools of methodology and evidence quality of meta-analyses, methods to manage overlap between meta-analyses, a "stop-light" plot to summarize key findings. These approaches provide applicable methods for future umbrella reviews of meta-analyses on genetic association studies. TRIAL REGISTRATION: CRD42021223812.

Promoting the adoption of local governmental policy on the reimbursement of chronic disease medicines (PAPMed): study protocol of a field-based cluster randomized trial in rural Nantong, China.

BACKGROUND: Among rural Chinese patients with non-communicable diseases (NCDs), low socioeconomic status increases the risk of developing NCDs and associated financial burdens in paying for medicines and treatments. Despite the chronic disease medicine reimbursement policy of the local government in Nantong City, China, various barriers prevent patients from registering for and benefitting from the policy. This study aims to develop a behavior science-based intervention program for promoting the adoption of the policy and to evaluate the effectiveness of the program compared with usual practices. METHODS: Barriers and opportunities affecting stakeholders in adopting the policy were identified through contextual research and summarized through behavior mapping. The intervention is designed to target these barriers and opportunities through behavior science theories and will be evaluated through a 6-month cluster randomized controlled trial in Tongzhou District, Nantong, China. A total of 30 villages from two townships are randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either the intervention or the control arm (usual practices). Village doctors in the intervention arm (1) receive systematic training on policy details, registration procedures, and intervention protocol, (2) promote the policy and encourage registration, (3) follow up with patients in the first, third, and sixth months after the intervention, and (4) receive financial incentives based on performance. The primary outcome is policy registration rate and the secondary outcomes include the number of patients registering for the policy, medical costs saved, frequency of village doctor visits, and health measures such as blood pressure and glucose levels. DISCUSSION: This study is one of very few that aims to promote adoption of NCDs outpatient medication reimbursement policies, and the first study to evaluate the impact of these policies on patients' financial and physical wellbeing in China. The simple, feasible, and scalable intervention is designed based on the theories of behavior science and is applicable to similar low-income regions nationwide where outpatient medical costs remain a financial burden for patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04731194 , registered on 29 January 2021; Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2100042152 , registered on 14 January 14 2021.

Influence of maternal obesity on the multi-omics profiles of the maternal body, gestational tissue, and offspring.

Epidemiological studies show that obesity during pregnancy affects more than half of the pregnancies in the developed countries and is associated with obstetric problems and poor outcomes. Obesity tends to increase the incidence of complications. Furthermore, the resulting offspring are also adversely affected. However, the molecular mechanisms of obesity leading to poor pregnancy outcomes remain unclear. Omics methods are used for genetic diagnosis and marker discovery. The aim of this review was to summarize the maternal and fetal pathophysiological alterations induced by gestational obesity,identified using multi-omics detection techniques, and to generalize the biological functions and potential mechanisms of the differentially expressed molecules.

Perceptions of e-cigarettes among smokers and non-smokers in households with children in rural China: A cross-sectional study.

INTRODUCTION: The perceived health benefits and effectiveness of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) in quitting smoking may affect e-cigarette usage, however, research on the use of e-cigarettes among the Chinese, especially among the rural Chinse, is scarce. This study examined factors associated with perceptions of e-cigarette related harms, benefits, and addictiveness, among smoker and non-smoker households with children in rural China, to support the design of population-based interventions targeting rural Chinese households. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study design, using a structured questionnaire, we collected data from the household members of children in two selected rural communities in China. Descriptive analyses were used to characterize respondents; χ2 test and Fisher's exact probability test were used to compare the perceptions of e-cigarettes between different sociodemographic groups. Logistic regression was used to determine predictors for e-cigarette harms, benefits, and addictiveness, adjusting for demographic and other characteristics. RESULTS: The overall participation rate was 81% (1211/1498). Of the participants, 668 (55%) were smokers and 543 (45%) were non-smokers; 53% knew about e-cigarettes. Participants from rural Dali (77% vs 59%), those who were ethnic minority (76% vs 59%), those who perceived increased COPD risks from smoking (mean score 4.37 vs 4.18) and concerned about harmful effects of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure to children (mean score 4.48 vs 4.30) and adults (mean score 4.06 vs 3.87) were more likely to believe that e-cigarettes were less harmful (p<0.05). Participants with more knowledge about the harm of smoking were more likely to believe that e-cigarettes were helpful in quitting smoking (p<0.05). Of those participants who knew about e-cigarettes, females (19%) were significantly more likely to believe that e-cigarettes are addictive than males (10%). In the logistic regression analyses, believing e-cigarettes are helpful to quit smoking was the only variable associated with holding a higher knowledge about smoking and SHS exposure (OR=0.608; 95% CI: 0.450-0.820). CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that more than half of the rural household members who have a child at home were aware of e-cigarettes. Knowledge about health impacts of SHS exposure and perceptions about the benefits, harms and addictiveness of e-cigarette use varied among the participants, with a significant proportion of participants having wrong information. Public health campaigns to disseminate evidence-based information of e-cigarette benefits and harms are warranted. As knowledge about the harmfulness of smoking and SHS exposure was associated with perceived e-cigarette benefits, particular focus should be given to increasing knowledge about the health hazards related to smoking and SHS exposure.

Acupuncture and related therapies for poststroke insomnia: A protocol for systematic review and network meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To compare and evaluate the clinical effects on patients with poststroke insomnia of various acupuncture and acupuncture-related therapies. METHODS: In order to analyze the direct and indirect evidence from related studies, we used network meta-analysis (NMA). In order to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of acupuncture and related therapies in the treatment of poststroke insomnia, 3 English and 4 Chinese databases were searched. After 2 researchers independently screened the literature, extracted the information, and assessed the probability of bias in the included studies, the data was analyzed using Stata15.0 and WinBUGS1.4.3 software. RESULTS: Based on the existing data, the pros and cons of different acupuncture-related therapies are compared extensively, the effectiveness of different acupuncture-related therapies is ranked compared to drugs with hypnotic effect in poststroke insomnia care, and the best methods or combinations of acupuncture intervention are summarized. CONCLUSION: This study will provide new evidence for the safety and effectiveness of acupuncture-related therapies in the treatment of poststroke insomnia, and may be helpful for clinicians, poststroke insomnia patients, and clinical guideline makers to choose the optimal combination of acupuncture for the treatment of poststroke insomnia. REGISTRATION NUMBER: INPLASY202120028.

Prevention of childhood unintentional injuries in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review.

Injuries are a leading cause of death and disability among children. Numerous injury prevention strategies have been successful in high-income countries, but the majority of unintentional injuries happen to children living in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This project aims to delineate the childhood injury prevention initiatives in LMICs. For inclusion, peer-reviewed articles needed to address unintentional injury, include children <18, assess a prevention-related intervention, contain a control group, and be published after 1988. Two pairs of reviewers evaluated articles independently to determine study eligibility. 74 articles were included. 30 studies addressed road traffic injuries, 11 drowning, 8 burns, 3 falls, 8 poisonings, and 21 an unspecified injury type. The findings show positive effects on injury outcome measures following educational interventions, the need for longer follow-up periods after the intervention, the need for effectiveness trials for behavior change, and the need for an increase in injury prevention services in LMICs. This is the first systematic review to summarize the prevention initiatives for all types of childhood unintentional injuries in LMICs. Increased attention and funding are required to go beyond educational initiatives with self-reported measures and little follow-up time to robust interventions that will reduce the global burden of unintentional injuries among children.

Alcohol-Related Risky Behavior Patterns and Their Association With Alcohol Use and Perceived Alcohol Stigma in Moshi, Tanzania.

OBJECTIVE: The Kilimanjaro region has one of the highest rates of reported alcohol use per capita in Tanzania. Alcohol-related risky behaviors pose substantial threats to the health and well-being of alcohol users and the people around them. This study seeks to understand how alcohol-related risky behaviors co-occur with other risky behaviors. METHOD: Latent class analysis (LCA) was applied to examine alcohol-related risky behaviors. The optimal number of latent classes was confirmed by using model fit indices. Negative binomial models were used to test latent classes and their association with harmful and hazardous drinking and perceived alcohol stigma. With the model defined, we explored each class's drinking patterns and risky behavior patterns. RESULTS: A total of 622 (60% male) of 841 participants were included in these analyses because they drank alcohol at least once in their lifetime. Three classes of risky behavior patterns were identified: Class 1, "Limited risk behaviors" (59.7%); Class 2, "Primarily foolish behaviors" (25.6%); and Class 3, "Pervasive risk behaviors" (13.1%). Class 3 had the most alcohol use quantity and frequency. No association between classes and alcohol stigma was found. Compared with males, females are less likely to be classified in Class 2 and 3. CONCLUSIONS: Three different classes of risky behaviors became apparent and were distinguished by gender, age, and personal alcohol use. Our findings suggest a potential role for personalized interventions based on latent classes specifically to reduce risk behaviors.

Alcohol Availability, Cost, Age of First Drink, and Its Association with At-Risk Alcohol Use in Moshi, Tanzania.

BACKGROUND: The Kilimanjaro region has one of the highest levels of reported alcohol intake per capita in Tanzania. Age at first drink has been found to be associated with alcohol problems in adulthood, but there is less information on the age of first drink in the Kilimanjaro region and its associations with alcohol-related consequences later in life. Furthermore, local alcohol cost and availability may influence the prevalence of alcohol use and alcohol use disorders. METHODS: Data on the age of first drink, alcohol use disorder identification tool (AUDIT), number and type of alcohol consequences (DrInC), and perceived alcohol at low cost and high availability for children and adolescents were collected from an alcohol and health behavior survey of injury patients (N = 242) in Moshi, Tanzania. Generalized linear models were used to test age at first drink, perceived alcohol cost and availability, and their association with the AUDIT and DrInC scores, and current alcohol use, respectively. RESULTS: Consuming alcohol before age 18 was significantly associated with higher AUDIT and DrInC scores, with odds ratios of 1.22 (CI: 1.004, 1.47) and 1.72 (CI: 1.11, 2.63), respectively. Female gender is strongly associated with less alcohol use and alcohol consequences, represented by an odds ratio of 3.70 (CI: 1.72, 8.33) for an AUDIT score above 8 and an odds ratio of 3.84 (CI: 2.13, 6.67) with the DrInC score. Perceived high availability of alcohol for children is significantly related to higher alcohol use quantity, with the odds ratio of 1.6 (CI: 1.17, 2.20). CONCLUSIONS: The first use of alcohol before the age of 18 is associated with higher alcohol use and alcohol-related adverse consequences. In Tanzania, age at first drink is an important target for interventions aiming to prevent negative alcohol-related consequences later in life.

Endocytosis Is a Key Mode of Interaction between Extracellular ß-Amyloid and the Cell Membrane.

Interactions between amyloid-ß peptide (Aß) and the cell membrane include interaction with membrane lipids and binding to membrane receptors, both of which are considered to be the toxicity mechanisms of Aß. However, it is unclear whether both mechanisms lead to cytotoxicity. Thus, we aimed to analyze these two mechanisms of Aß42 interaction with cell membranes under different Aß aggregation states. To this end, model membrane experiments were conducted. Quantitative analysis of Aß42 monomers or oligomers bound to the membrane of neuro-2a cells was also performed, and laser confocal microscopy was employed to assess endocytosis of FITC-Aß42 monomers or oligomers by neuro-2a cells. We found that the binding capacity of Aß42 to membrane lipids was weak and that the amount of Aß42 bound to membrane lipids was low. Moreover, clathrin-mediated endocytosis of Aß42 oligomers by neuro-2a cells was observed. Endocytosis serves as a key mode of interaction between extracellular Aß42 and neurons. These findings provide insights into the mechanisms underlying Aß oligomer metabolism.

Perception of E-cigarette Use among Adult Users in China: A Mixed-method Study.

The use of electronic cigarettes (ECs) is increasing rapidly in China, but the perception of these products and their health impact among Chinese users have received little research attention. This study collected semi-structured in-depth interview data from experienced adult EC (including heated tobacco products also named ECs on the Chinese market) users in the Shanghai area. The subjects were recruited from those who participated in a previous online survey on EC use. A thematic narrative approach was used to analyze the data. Thirty current EC users were interviewed for evaluation of their perception of EC use in a variety of categories, including reasons for using, concerns, social acceptance, satisfaction, and health impacts. Participants' common reasons for using ECs were the ease of use and carrying, hygiene, no fire hazard, reduced smoke exposure, aiding quitting smoking, reduced health hazard, palatable flavor, being fashionable, and substituting cigarettes in non-smoking areas. Most (90%; 27/30) participants reduced (77%) or quit smoking (13%) after using ECs, and 80% were willing to recommend these products to others. Most (90%) of the participants reportedly noticed positive health changes after using ECs. Regulatory concerns were expressed by 33% participants. Participants predominately viewed ECs as a viable substitute for smoking, with substantial effects on tobacco harm reduction. These findings lend support to EC use as a promising opportunity for public health promotion in China through engaging smokers in smoking cessation attempts. However, overall public health benefits/risks of EC use, and its regulatory affairs need to be considered.

miR-322 treatment rescues cell apoptosis and neural tube defect formation through silencing NADPH oxidase 4.

AIMS: Failure of neural tube closure resulting from excessive apoptosis leads to neural tube defects (NTDs). NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) is a critical mediator of cell growth and death, yet its role in NTDs has never been characterized. NOX4 is a potential target of miR-322, and we have previously demonstrated that miR-322 was involved in high glucose-induced NTDs. In this study, we investigated the effect of NOX4 on the embryonic neuroepithelium in NTDs and reveal a new regulatory mechanism for miR-322 that disrupts neurulation by ameliorating cell apoptosis. METHODS: All-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA)-induced mouse model was utilized to study NTDs. RNA pull-down and dual-luciferase reporter assays were used to confirm the interaction between NOX4 and miR-322. In mouse neural stem cells and whole-embryo culture, Western blot and TUNEL were carried out to investigate the effects of miR-322 and NOX4 on neuroepithelium apoptosis in NTD formation. RESULTS: NOX4, as a novel target of miR-322, was upregulated in ATRA-induced mouse model of NTDs. In mouse neural stem cells, the expression of NOX4 was inhibited by miR-322; still further, NOX4-triggered apoptosis was also suppressed by miR-322. Moreover, in whole-embryo culture, injection of the miR-322 mimic into the amniotic cavity attenuated cell apoptosis in NTD formation by silencing NOX4. CONCLUSION: miR-322/NOX4 plays a crucial role in apoptosis-induced NTD formation, which may provide a new understanding of the mechanism of embryonic NTDs and a basis for potential therapeutic target against NTDs.

To text or not to text? Acceptability of WeChat and text messaging intervention to promote tobacco control assistance among parents who smoke in rural China.

INTRODUCTION: Although the use of mobile health (mHealth) to promote tobacco control and smoking cessation interventions has been available in developed countries, their use in low- and middle-income countries (i.e. in China) is lacking. This study examined the acceptance of text messaging and/or WeChat based tobacco control intervention among parents who smoke, in rural China. METHODS: Using a structured questionnaire, we surveyed smoker households (n=668) of children aged ≤5 years in two rural regions of southern China. Descriptive analyses were used to characterize respondents; multivariate regression analysis was used to test the associations between participants' sociodemographic and other characteristics, and their acceptability of text messaging and/or WeChat intervention for tobacco control. RESULTS: After adjusting for other variables (i.e. region, ethnicity, age, education level, occupation, attitudes towards smoking, perception of cigarettes addictiveness, and quitting smoking), the overall knowledge about smoking and secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure significantly predicted a higher acceptance to text messaging/WeChat intervention (OR=0.567; 95% CI: 0.457-0.704). Participants who thought smoking made people feel relaxed were less likely to accept text messaging/WeChat intervention than those who did not think so (OR=1.403; 95% CI: 1.080-1.822). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that households in rural China that were more knowledgeable about the hazards of smoking and SHS exposure, and had negative feelings about the benefits of smoking, were more likely to accept text messaging/WeChat for tobacco control intervention. Understanding rural smokers' preferences to receive intervention and related characteristics can help with the design of targeted tobacco control intervention programs in rural China.

Cross-Culture Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of the DrInC Questionnaire in Tanzanian Swahili.

Aims: To develop Swahili versions of the Drinker Inventory of Consequences (DrInC) and evaluate its psychometric properties among a mixed population in Tanzania. Methods: A Swahili version of the DrInC was developed by a panel of bilingual Swahili and English speakers through translation and back-translation. The translated DrInC was administered to a sample of Tanzanian injury patients and a sample of the general population. The validity and reliability of the scale were tested using standard statistical methods. Results: The translated version of the DrInC questionnaire was found to have outstanding domain coherence and language clarity. The tested scale and subscales have adequate reliability (>0.85). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirmed the five-factor solution by yielding adequate results. DrInC score is statistically significantly correlated with alcohol consumption quantity and the AUDIT score, suggesting that DrInC is able to predict alcohol use as well. Conclusions: This study presents the first validation of the DrInC questionnaire with injury patients and a general population and the first adaptations of the DrInC questionnaire in the Tanzanian and Swahili setting. DrInC instrument was found to have satisfactory psychometric properties, resulting in a new medical and social research tool in this setting.

Template-Free Synthesis of High-Yield Fe-Doped Cesium Lead Halide Perovskite Ultralong Microwires with Enhanced Two-Photon Absorption.

Doping in perovskite is challenging and competitive due to the inherently fast growth mechanism of perovskite structure. Here, we demonstrate successful synthesis of high-yield Fe-doped cesium lead halide perovskite ultralong microwires (MWs) that have diameters up to ∼5 µm and lengths up to millimeters via an antisolvent vapor-assisted template-free method. Microstructure characterization confirms the uniformly doped Fe in the high-quality crystal perovskite MWs. Significantly, doping the Fe(III) concentration can affect both the MW morphology and photoluminescence (PL). The band edge emission of the MW at variable excitation has been accounted for by the superposition and combination of optical transitions of nearby singlet, triplet, and magnetic polaronic excitons. High-quality two-photon PL emission and the enhanced nonlinear absorption coefficient of Fe-doped MWs have been experimentally demonstrated. This superhigh nonlinear absorption coefficient and high-quality optical properties endow it with promising applications in spin-related optical switching and optical limiting devices.

An ECG recording front-end with continuous-time level-crossing sampling.

An ECG recording front-end with a continuous- time asynchronous level-crossing analog-to-digital converter (LC-ADC) is proposed. The system is a voltage and current mixed-mode system, which comprises a low noise amplifier (LNA), a programmable voltage-to-current converter (PVCC) as a programmable gain amplifier (PGA) and an LC-ADC with calibration DACs and an RC oscillator. The LNA shows an input referred noise of 3.77 µVrms over 0.06 Hz-950 Hz bandwidth. The total harmonic distortion (THD) of the LNA is 0.15% for a 10 mVPP input. The ECG front-end consumes 8.49 µW from a 1 V supply and achieves an ENOB up to 8 bits. The core area of the proposed front-end is 690 ×710 µm2, fabricated in a 0.18 µm CMOS technology.

Effect of electroacupuncture at Zusanli (ST36) and Sanyinjiao (SP6) acupoints on adrenocortical function in etomidate anesthesia patients.

BACKGROUND: We aimed to investigate the effect of electroacupuncture at Zusanli (ST36) and Sanyinjiao (SP6) on adrenocortical function in patients with etomidate anesthesia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We randomly divided 80 patients who underwent elective surgery into 4 groups: group etomidate (ETO), group etomidate + electroacupuncture (ETO+EA), group etomidate + sham acupuncture (ETO+SEA), and group propofol (PRO). The patients in group ETO, ETO+EA, and ETO+SEA were induced with etomidate and sufentanil and maintained with intravenous infusion of etomidate and remifentanil. Group PRO was induced with propofol and sufentanil and maintained with propofol and remifentanil. Group ETO+EA received electro-acupuncture stimulation at Zusanli and Sanyinjiao throughout the operation, while group ETO+SEA received electro-acupuncture stimulation at non-acupoints. We recorded the values of MAP, HR, BIS, CVP, cortisol, ACTH, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and arterial blood gas during the perioperative period. RESULTS: Cortisol concentrations were significantly higher at all times except T0 in group ETO+EA compared with group ETO. The ACTH concentrations were lower in group ETO+EA than that in group ETO at point T3. CONCLUSIONS: Electroacupuncture at ST 36 and SP 6 can mitigate the adrenal cortical inhibition induced by etomidate and can reduce the secretion of catecholamines during surgery.

Temperature dependent Raman spectra of isolated suspended single-walled carbon nanotubes.

Ultralong isolated single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were synthesized on a SiO2/Mo mesh to fabricate long individual suspended SWCNT samples. We detected a delicately temperature dependent Raman RBM, G and G' band frequency shift and linewidth increase of these SWCNTs in the range of 240-600 K. Softening of force constants induced redshift and the mechanism of corresponding spectra linewidth evolution with temperature was analysed and compared with previously reported theories and experimental results. Temperature coefficient differences between G(-) and G(+) were not observed, but the linewidth broadening tendency differences of G(-) and G(+) are obvious. In addition, temperature-dependent G' band evolution, including both frequency red-shifting and FWHM increase has been reported here first. These results will facilitate understanding of the second order Raman scattering process in SWCNTs. Different temperature coefficients measured on suspended and supported parts of the same SWCNT verifies the substrate's influence.

Substrate-induced effects on the optical properties of individual ZnO nanorods with different diameters.

We present the influence of a substrate on the properties of well-dispersed individual ZnO nanorods (NRs) with different diameters, especially on the photoluminescence (PL) properties. The studied ZnO NRs were partially supported by the quartz substrate and partially suspended in air. Continuous redshift and intensity decrease of the near band-edge emission (NBE) were observed along the suspended segment of the ZnO NRs due to the increasing temperature under UV laser excitation, suggesting that the presence of the substrate can effectively enhance the heat-sinking capability of ZnO NRs. Based on the PL measurements on individual suspended ZnO NRs with diameters from 86 nm to 2.35 µm, the redshift of NBE along the suspended segment was more obvious for ZnO NRs with a smaller diameter, indicating that the thermal conductive ability increases as diameter increases. Additionally, by combining the experimental and simulation results, we found that the presence of the substrate also quenched the whispering gallery modes (WGMs) of the ZnO NRs with a diameter above about 350 nm due to the symmetry breaking induced by the quartz substrate which has a larger refractive index compared with air. Our studies confirm that the substrate significantly influences the properties of ZnO NRs. To fully utilize the potential properties of nanomaterials for applications in nanodevices, the substrate-induced effects should be considered thoughtfully.

Super-stretchable, transparent carbon nanotube-based capacitive strain sensors for human motion detection.

Realization of advanced bio-interactive electronic devices requires mechanically compliant sensors with the ability to detect extremely large strain. Here, we design a new multifunctional carbon nanotube (CNT) based capacitive strain sensors which can detect strains up to 300% with excellent durability even after thousands of cycles. The CNT-based strain gauge devices exhibit deterministic and linear capacitive response throughout the whole strain range with a gauge factor very close to the predicted value (strictly 1), representing the highest sensitivity value. The strain tests reveal the presented strain gauge with excellent dynamic sensing ability without overshoot or relaxation, and ultrafast response at sub-second scale. Coupling these superior sensing capabilities to the high transparency, physical robustness and flexibility, we believe the designed stretchable multifunctional CNT-based strain gauge may have various potential applications in human friendly and wearable smart electronics, subsequently demonstrated by our prototypical data glove and respiration monitor.