[Nasal endoscopy-assisted bulboprostatic anastomosis for posterior urethral stricture].

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical value and operation skills of nasal endoscopy-assisted bulboprostatic anastomosis in the treatment of posterior urethral stricture. METHODS: Between January 2012 and November 2014, we performed nasal endoscopy-assisted bulboprostatic anastomosis for 12 male patients with posterior urethral stricture. We recorded the operation time, blood loss, exposure of operation visual field, and success rate of anastomosis and summarized the operation skills. RESULTS: Eight of the patients experienced first-stage recovery. Two underwent a urethral dilation at 3 months postoperatively, 1 received 10 urethral dilations within 5 months after surgery, and 1 underwent internal urethrotomy after failure in urethral dilation, but all the 4 cases were cured. CONCLUSION: Nasal endoscopy can significantly improve the operation field exposure, elevate the precision, reduce the difficulty, and enhance the efficiency of bulboprostatic anastomosis in the treatment of posterior urethral stricture.

[Research on the method of transient spectrum detection based on array CCD].

Based on the characteristic of high speed line scanning for CCD in transient spectrum detection, a method of transient spectrum detection with array CCD is presented. The high speed line scanning with array CCD was realized by changing the mode of charge transfer. In order to explore the feasibility of this method, a fast detection system of single point based on linear CCD was designed and fabricated. Seven different LED pulses were measured when the system worked at fast detection mode of single point and normal mode respectively. The results demonstrate that the method of fast detection of single point based on linear CCD is feasible, and the rate of single point detection reaches up to 20 MHz. Thus, in theory, it was proved that transient spectrum detection with array CCD by changing the mode of charge transfer is also feasible.

[Real-time measurement of detonation transient temperature].

Based on the spectral characteristic of the detonation temperature, the present paper presents a measurement system of transient multi-wavelength pyrometry with the theory of multi-wavelength thermometry. The FPGA was applied as the hardware developing platform and the high-speed linear CCD was utilized. Each module was controlled by FPGA to achieve the process of real-time data acquisition, storage and transmission. Using the multiple regression analysis method, the dynamic spectral waveforms were calculated. The two laser spectral lines, 630 and 532 nm, were used to calibrate the corresponding pixel sequence numbers and the No. 175 and No. 270 were confirmed. In this paper, the halide tungsten light was measured. The results show that the system can sample continuous spectrum signal at several different times; the CCD can stably work with 40 MHz clock and the frame scanning frequency can achieve 73 kHz.

Optic nerve lesions in diabetic rats: blood flow to the optic nerve, permeability of micro blood vessels and histopathology.

AIM: To study optic nerve lesions, changes in blood flow to the optic nerve, and permeability of micro blood vessels and histopathology in diabetic rats. METHODS: Male Wistar rats (n=20) were randomly divided into control and diabetic groups. The diabetic model was prepared by a single injection of streptozotocin (50mg/kg) into the caudal vein. Three months later, laser Doppler perfusion imaging was used to observe the changes in blood flow to the optic nerve. Each rat was injected with 15g/L Evans blue (5µL/g). The permeability of microvessels in diabetic optic nerves was measured by spectrophotometry. Optic nerves were observed by light and transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS: Diabetic rats had atrophic optic nerve fibers with neurite swelling, loss of myelin, and a greater-than-normal proliferation of astrocytes, occurring within 3 months of induction of diabetes. Blood flow to the optic nerve was lower in diabetic rats than in controls. Microvessel permeability in diabetic rats increased 2.03-fold compared to controls. CONCLUSION: Diabetic rats develop significant pathological changes in the optic nerve, reduced blood flow to the optic nerve and increase microvessel permeability.

[The computerized clinical practical guideline's research and implementation].

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the development module of ontology-based computerized clinical practical guideline, and to supply the technology support for implement of alerm/reminding, data sharing, evidence-based medicine and clinical decision making in the medical information system. METHODS: Analyse the structure and field ontology of the Guideline Interchange Format (GLIF); expand GLIF based on the Guideline of Cerebrovascular Disease Prevention and Treatment in China and Neurology Disease Ontology. RESULTS: A Chinese computerized guideline of intravenous thrombolytic therapy of acute cerebral infarction is constructed, which included metadata of edition description, list of drug data item, explanation of evidence strength, steps of indications decision, contraindication decision and drug selection. CONCLUSION: The computerized clinical practical guideline combined with clinical information system and Electronic Medical Records plays an important role in clinical pathways optimizing and decision making.

[Characteristics of blood-optic nerve barrier: experiment with rats].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the difference of endothelial cells in ultrastructure, marker expression, and permeability between blood-brain barrier and blood-optic nerve barrier. METHODS: The optic nerve, including the prelaminar region, lamina cribrosa, retro-laminar region, intraorbital portion, intracanalicular portion, and intracranial portion, and frontal cortex of 20 male SD rats were obtained to undergo electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of endothelial barrier antigen (EBA) and the extravasation of fibrinogen around the microvessels. RESULTS: Electron microscopy showed tight junction among the endothelial cells in the microvessels of all portions of optic nerve and cerebral cortex. The number of plasmalemmal vesicles of the prelaminar region was (108.0 +/- 12.0)/microm2, significantly greater than that of the cerebral cortex [(31.8 +/- 2.9)/microm2, P < 0.05]. However, there was no significantly difference in the number of plasmalemmal vesicle among the other portion of optic nerve and cerebral cortex (all P > 0.05). Immunohistochemistry showed that EBA was negative in the endothelial cells in the microvessels of prelaminar region, but strongly positive in the microvessels in the other portions of the optic nerve and in the cerebral cortex. Fibrinogen was present around the microvessels in the prelaminar region of optic nerve in a small amount, however, not present in the other portions of optic nerve and cerebral cortex. CONCLUSION: There is significant differences in the number of plasmalemmal vesicle, EBA expression, and permeability between the prelaminar region of optic nerve and cerebral cortex, which demonstrates that this region lacks the characteristics of typical blood-brain barrier. However, the other parts of optic nerve possess the properties of classical blood-brain barrier.

[Optic neuropathy in diabetic rat and mechanism thereof].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the diabetic optic neuropathy in diabetic rats, and analyze the relation between the diabetic optic neuropathy and change of blood flow and microvascular permeability of the optic nerve. METHODS: Twenty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control and diabetic groups. Diabetic model was induced by the intravenous injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg). Three months later blood flow of the optic nerve was measured using laser Doppler perfusion imager. 1.5% Evan's blue was injected into the caudal vein, 1 hour later the rats were killed with their bilateral optic nerves taken out. The permeability of optic nerve was tested by spectrophotometer. The optic nerves are observed with light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS: Atrophy and demyelination of the optic nerve, proliferation of glial cells, neurite swelling, and decrease of organelles in the endothelial cells in optic nerve capillaries were seen. Leukocytes aggregated and adhered to the endothelial cells of pia-mater capillaries. The blood flow of the optic nerve in the diabetic rats was 0.68 v +/- 0.05 v, significantly lower than that of the control rats (1.43 v +/- 0.58 v, P < 0.01). Whereas, the permeability of the optic nerve of the diabetic rats showed a 2.03-fold increase compared with that of the control rats (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Three-month diabetes induced optic neuropathy may be related to the decrease of blood flow and increase of microvascular permeability.