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BACKGROUND: Optical fiber sensors have been used to detect glucose owing to advantages such as low cost, small size, and ease of operation etc. phenylboronic acid is one of the commonly used receptors for glucose detection, however phenylboronic acid based regenerative optical fiber sensors are commonly cumulative regeneration, renewable regeneration sensor has been missing from the literature. RESULTS: In this work, instead of using phenylboronic acid, we synthesized succinylaminobenzenoboronic acid molecule (BPOA) by introducing a short chain containing carboxyl group at the other end of phenylboronic acid then covalently bonded BPOA on the surface of excessively tilted fiber grating (Ex-TFG). This provides a very stable platform for renewable regeneration and the regenerative buffer was also optimized. The proposed renewable regeneration method exhibited higher linearity and sensitivity (R2 = 0.9992, 8 pm/mM) in relative to the conventional cumulative regeneration method (R2 = 0.9718, 4.9 pm/mM). The binding affinity between BPOA and glucose was found to be almost constant over 140 bind/release cycles with a variation of less than 0.3 % relative standard deviation. SIGNIFICANCE: The regenerative and label-free sensing capacity of the proposed device provides a theoretical foundation for label-free saccharide detection and the development of wearable glucose monitoring devices based on fiber optic sensors.
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Técnicas Biossensoriais , Ácidos Borônicos , Fibras Ópticas , Ácidos Borônicos/química , Glucose/análise , Tecnologia de Fibra Óptica , Limite de DetecçãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Coagulopathy is a common complication of heart failure (HF), but the prognostic significance of coagulation abnormalities for HF is still poorly understood. This investigation sought to elucidate the association between admission prothrombin time activity (PTA) and short-term readmission in HF. METHODS: In this retrospective study, we extracted data from a publicly accessible database for hospitalized HF patients in China. The admission laboratory findings were screened by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression. Afterward, the study population was stratified according to the admission PTA level. In univariate and multivariate analysis, we employed logistics regression model to evaluate the association of admission PTA level with short-term readmission. Subgroup analysis was preformed to examine the interaction effect between admission PTA level and covariates, including age, sex, and systolic blood pressure (SBP). RESULTS: A total of 1505 HF patients were included, of whom 58.7% were female and 35.6% were between 70 and 79 y. In LASSO procedure, admission PTA level was included in optimized models for short-term readmission, and readmitted patients tended to have a lower admission PTA level. Multivariate analysis suggested that the low admission PTA level (admission PTA ≤ 62.3%) was associated with increased risk of 90-day readmission (odds ratio 1.63 [95% CI, 1.09 to 2.46]; P = 0.02) and 180-day readmission (odds ratio 1.65 [95% CI, 1.18 to 2.33]; P = 0.01) compared with patients with the highest admission PTA level (admission PTA ≥ 76.8%) after full adjustment. Moreover, no significant interaction effect was observed in the subgroup analysis, except for admission SBP. CONCLUSION: Low admission PTA level is associated with an increased risk of 90-day and 180-day hospital readmission in patients with HF.
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Insuficiência Cardíaca , Readmissão do Paciente , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Tempo de Protrombina , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) is a common surgical anesthesia complication characterized by impairment of memory, attention, language understanding and social ability, which can lead to a decline in the quality of life of patients, prolong the hospitalization period and increase the mortality rate. PND has a high incidence rate, which has a great impact on postoperative recovery and quality of life of patients, and has caused a heavy economic burden to society and families. In recent years, PND has become an important public health problem. The high risk population of PND is more prone to gut microbiota imbalance, and gut microbiota may also affect the inflammatory response of the central nervous system through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Meanwhile, Neuroinflammation and immune activation are important mechanisms of PND. Regulating gut microbiota through probiotics or fecal bacteria transplantation can significantly reduce neuroinflammation, reduce the abnormal activation of immune system and prevent the occurrence of PND. This review summarizes the research progress of gut microbiota and PND, providing basis for the prevention and treatment of PND.
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Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Qualidade de Vida , Humanos , Doenças Neuroinflamatórias , Transtornos Neurocognitivos , Sistema Nervoso CentralRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is identified as a multifactorial disease caused by the interaction of genes and surroundings, which is difficult to cure. MicroRNAs were reported to be engaged in AR development. Here, we aimed to seek the anti-inflammatory effects and regulatory mechanism of miR-193b-3p in AR. METHODS: Mucosal tissues from AR patients and healthy volunteers were collected, and human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) were treated with IL-13 to establish a cell model of AR. The gene expression of miR-193b-3p, ETS1, TLR4, GM-CSF, eotaxin, and MUC5AC was determined by RT-qPCR. The protein levels of ETS1 and TLR4 were examined using Western blot. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to measure protein concentration of GM-CSF, eotaxin, and MUC5AC in cell supernatant. Dual luciferase assay was applied to verify the interaction among miR-193b-3p, ETS1, and TLR4. RESULTS: The expression of miR-193b-3p was declined in clinical samples from AR patients and in IL-13-induced HNECs, while the mRNA and protein levels of ETS1 and TLR4 were elevated. MiR-193b-3p overexpression or ETS1 silencing notably decreased the mRNA and protein levels of GM-CSF, eotaxin, and MUC5AC in IL-13-treated HNECs. Mechanistically, miR-193b-3p directly combined with ETS1 to silence ETS1 expression. ETS1 promoted the transcriptional activity of TLR4 through interacting with TLR4 promoter. Furthermore, rescue experiments revealed that ETS1 overexpression abolished miR-193b-3p sufficiency-mediated suppression of the mRNA and protein levels of GM-CSF, eotaxin, and MUC5AC in IL-13-treated HNECs. Similarly, TLR4 overexpression compromised the inhibitory impacts of ETS1 downregulation on the mRNA and protein levels of GM-CSF, eotaxin, and MUC5AC in IL-13-induced HNECs. DISCUSSION: MiR-193b-3p repressed IL-13-induced inflammatory response in HNECs by suppressing ETS1/TLR4 axis, which indicated that miR-193b-3p might be a therapeutic target for AR treatment.
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MicroRNAs , Rinite Alérgica , Humanos , Fator Estimulador de Colônias de Granulócitos e Macrófagos , Receptor 4 Toll-Like/genética , Interleucina-13 , MicroRNAs/genética , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , Rinite Alérgica/genética , Inflamação , RNA Mensageiro , Proteína Proto-Oncogênica c-ets-1/genéticaRESUMO
Endometritis is a kind of common obstetric disease in women, usually caused by various pathogenic bacteria. Neutrophil infiltration is one of the most important pathological features of endometritis. Neutrophils can reach the uterine cavity through the endometrium, and make early response to the infection caused by the pathogen. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), a meshwork of chromatin fibers extruded by neutrophils, have a role in entrapping microbial pathogens. It has been confirmed that NETs have a strong antibacterial effect and play crucial roles in the occurrence and development of various diseases. However, while killing pathogenic bacteria, excessive NETs formation may cause immune damage to the body. NETs are present in endometrium of female domestic animals in different physiological periods, especially post-mating, postpartum and in the presence of lesions, especially in endometritis. Meanwhile, NETs and its products might contribute to a reduction in physical clearance and persistent endometritis. In brief, NETs is a double-edged sword and it may play a different role in the development of endometritis, which may be beneficial or harmful, and its specific mechanism needs further study. Here we provide an overview of the role of NETs in the development of endometritis and the regulatory role of selenium on NETs formation and endometritis.
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Endometrite , Armadilhas Extracelulares , Humanos , Animais , Gravidez , Feminino , Endometrite/microbiologia , Neutrófilos , Endométrio , Animais DomésticosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Endometritis is the inflammatory condition of the uterus. Citral, a component of lemongrass oil, is known to exhibit anti-inflammatory activity. AIM: The effects of citral on LPS-induced endometritis were tested and the mechanisms were investigated. METHODS: LPS-induced endometritis mice model was established and the effects of citral were detected using this model. Inflammatory cytokines were tested by ELISA. Ferroptosis was assessed by detecting GSH, ATP, MDA, and Fe2+ levels. Signaling pathway was tested by western blot analysis. RESULTS: Citral prevented LPS-induced endometritis through attenuating uterine pathological changes and inflammatory cytokine release. Meanwhile, citral prevents LPS-induced ferroptosis through attenuating MDA and Fe2+ levels, as well as increasing ATP and GSH levels. Furthermore, citral up-regulated Nrf2 and HO-1 expression and attenuated NF-κB activation. In addition, in Nrf2 knockdown mice, the inhibitory roles of citral on ferroptosis and endometritis were largely reversed. CONCLUSION: Taken together, citral inhibited LPS-induced endometritis through preventing ferroptosis, which were regulated by Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Endometrite , Ferroptose , Humanos , Feminino , Camundongos , Animais , Endometrite/induzido quimicamente , Endometrite/prevenção & controle , Lipopolissacarídeos/farmacologia , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/metabolismo , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Citocinas/metabolismo , Trifosfato de AdenosinaRESUMO
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine diseases in women of childbearing age that leads to menstrual disorders and infertility. The pathogenesis of PCOS is complex and has not yet been fully clarified. Gut microbiota is associated with disorders of lipid, glucose, and steroid hormone metabolish. A large body of studies demonstrated that gut microbiota could regulate the synthesis and secretion of insulin, and affect androgen metabolism and follicle development, providing us a novel idea for unravelling the pathogenesis of PCOS. The relationship between gut microbiota and the pathogenesis of PCOS is particularly important. This study reviewed recent research advances in the roles of gut microbiota in the occurrence and development of PCOS. It is expected to provide a new direction for the treatment of PCOS based on gut microbiota.
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Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Resistência à Insulina , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico , Feminino , Humanos , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/tratamento farmacológico , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/fisiologia , Disbiose/complicações , InsulinaRESUMO
Endometritis, a common gynecological disease, is the most common cause of infertility. As a natural metabolite of gut microbiota, deoxycholic acid (DCA) has been reported to have anti-inflammatory function. In the current study, the protective role of DCA on Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus)-induced endometritis was tested. In vivo, DCA inhibited uterine histological change, MPO activity, endometrial barrier disruption, and inflammatory cytokine production induced by S.aureus. In vitro, DCA suppressed S.aureus-induced TNF-α and IL-1ß production in mouse endometrial epithelial cells (mEECs). Also, DCA markedly suppressed S.aureus-induced NF-κB activation. Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5)is a critical bile acid membranereceptor that mainly regulated the cyclic AMP (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA)signaling pathway to inhibit NF-κB activation. We found DCA significantly increased TGR5 and PKA expression and S.aureus-induced inflammatory cytokine production and NF-κB activation were prevented by TGR5 inhibitor and PKA inhibitor. In conclusion, DCA protected S.aureus-induced endometritis by regulating TGR5/PKA/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Endometrite , Humanos , Animais , Feminino , Camundongos , Endometrite/tratamento farmacológico , Endometrite/patologia , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Staphylococcus aureus/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Ácido DesoxicólicoRESUMO
Trust prediction provides valuable support for decision making, information dissemination, and product promotion in online social networks. As a complex concept in the social network community, trust relationships among people can be established virtually based on: 1) their interaction behaviors, e.g., the ratings and comments that they provided; 2) the contextual information associated with their interactions, e.g., location and culture; and 3) the relative temporal features of interactions and the time periods when the trust relationships hold. Most of the existing works only focus on some aspects of trust, and there is not a comprehensive study of user trust development that considers and incorporates 1)-3) in trust prediction. In this article, we propose a context-aware deep trust prediction model C-DeepTrust to fill this gap. First, we conduct user feature modeling to obtain the user's static and dynamic preference features in each context. Static user preference features are obtained from all the ratings and reviews that a user provided, while dynamic user preference features are obtained from the items rated/reviewed by the user in time series. The obtained context-aware user features are then combined and fed into the multilayer projection structure to further mine the context-aware latent features. Finally, the context-aware trust relationships between users are calculated by their context-aware feature vector cosine similarities according to the social homophily theory, which shows a pervasive property of social networks that trust relationships are more likely to be developed among similar people. Extensive experiments conducted on two real-world datasets show the superior performance of our approach compared with the representative baseline methods.
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Evaluating the stress field based on photoelasticity is of vital significance in engineering fields. To achieve the goal of efficiently demodulating stress distribution and to overcome the limitations of conventional methods, it is essential to develop a deep learning method to simplify and accelerate the process of image acquisition and processing. A framework is proposed to enhance prediction accuracy. By adopting Resnet as the backbone, applying U-Net architecture, and adding a physical constraint module, our model recovers the stress field with higher structural similarity. Under different conditions, our model performs robustly despite complicated geometry and a large stress range. The results prove the universality and effectiveness of our model and offer an opportunity for instant stress detection.
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The origins of 9 species of the Chinese medicinal materials in the 2015 edition of the Chinese pharmacopoeia(ChP) has revised in the 2020 edition of ChP. The revision is based on the investigation and textual research on the problems found after screening the original plants, animals or minerals of all the Chinese medicinal materials in the 2015 edition. Among them the Chinese names of Alismatis Rhizoma, Cassiae Semen, Coicis Semen, Corydalis Bungeanae Herba and Echinopsis Radix all do not match to the Latin scientific names, and also do not match the name of the actual medicinal origins. In addition, Alismatis Rhizoma has the omission of original plant. There is confusion about the Chinese name and the family name of the original insect of Cera Chinensis. The original mineral of Gypsum Fibrosum has the wrong group names. Alumstone and melanterite, the original mineral of Alumen and Melanteritum respectively, of which the group names are missing. To solve these problems, field survey and literature research were conducted on the medicinal materials and their origins. The source of these problems are explored. The correct origins and the Chinese names or Latin names are all determined according to the research results to the situation, in which the Chinese and Latin names of the original plants of the medicinal materials do not match. The correct family name and group name are obtained through textual research by taxonomy if the names are confused or mis-sing. The scientific evidence and correct results of revision in the 2020 edition of ChP are determined at last.
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Coix , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas , Animais , China , Medicina Tradicional Chinesa , RizomaRESUMO
A facile in situ one-step route for the preparation of platinum nanoparticles supported on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) without adding stabilizing agents was developed. The obtained 10% Pt@MOF-T3 material possessed a large surface area and high crystallinity. Meanwhile, uniform and well-dispersed platinum nanoparticles were formed inside the cavities of MOFs, which could be attributed to the efficient complexation and stabilization effect derived from the dipyridyl groups. The as-synthesized 10% Pt@MOF-T3 sample showed high activity and selectivity in the hydrogenation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). This excellent catalytic performance could be attributed to the synergistic effects of well-dispersed platinum nanoparticles and electron donation offered by MOFs. Meanwhile, the presence of bipyridine ligands in the MOF framework avoided the irreversible adsorption of the hydrocarbon compounds, leading to the enhanced catalytic efficiency. Besides, it was easily recycled and reused at least five times, showing good recyclability.
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BACKGROUND: The metabolic energy expenditure (MEE) was the most important assessment standard of intelligent prosthetic knee (IPK). Maximum swing flexion (MSF) angle and gait symmetry (GS) were two control targets representing different developing directions for IPK. However, the few comparisons based on MEE assessment between the MSF and GS limited the development of the IPK design. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present work was to find out the MEE difference of amputees using IPK with control targets of MSF and GS and determine which target was more suitable for the control of IPK based on the MEE assessment. METHODS: The crossover trial was designed. Six unilateral transfemoral amputees participated in the study. The amputees were assessed when wearing the IPK with different control targets, namely, the maximum swing flexion angle and gait symmetry. The oxygen consumption analysis during walking at different speeds on a treadmill was carried out. RESULTS: All subjects showed increased oxygen consumption as walking speed increased. However, no statistically significant differences were found in oxygen consumption for different control targets. The ANOVA test showed that the overall effects of the control targets of the prosthetic knee on oxygen consumption were not significant across all walking speeds. CONCLUSIONS: The control targets of MSF and GS showed no significant differences on MEE in above-knee amputees using IPK. From perspective of amputee's metabolic costs, either maximum swing flexion or gait symmetry could be suitable control target for the IPK.
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Amputados/reabilitação , Metabolismo Energético/fisiologia , Marcha/fisiologia , Articulação do Joelho/fisiologia , Joelho/fisiologia , Adulto , Membros Artificiais , Fenômenos Biomecânicos/fisiologia , Estudos Cross-Over , Teste de Esforço/métodos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Consumo de Oxigênio/fisiologia , Desenho de Prótese/métodos , Amplitude de Movimento Articular/fisiologia , Caminhada/fisiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The original plant species of Fructus Aurantii are multitudinous and complex, and their requirements to the growing environment is strict. In order to clarify the original plant species and geographical distribution of Fructus Aurantii which recorded in the standards and circulated, used in commodity. The national and local standards of Chinese medicinal materials were collected and the original plants of Fructus Aurantii recoded in standards were found. Ten original plant species of Fructus Aurantii (including varieties of cultivars, the same below) were recorded in the Chinese pharmacopoeia and six local standards of Zhejiang, Yunnan and Guizhou etc. The producing areas and commodity in markets of Fructus Aurantii were investigated. The growth environment and geographical distribution of them were analyzed. There are six types of Fructus Aurantii i.e., Fructus Aurantii Chuan, Fructus Aurantii Xiang, Fructus Aurantii Jiang, Fructus Aurantii Qu, Fructus Aurantii Su, Fructus Aurantii Wen, and nineteen species of original plants in the practical commodities. There are four major Fructus Aurantii producing areas: Sichuan Basin, Dongting Lake Plain, Poyang Lake Plain, Jinqu Basin and its surrounding hilly areas. All of them are located in the area of the east longitude 104° to 121° and the northern latitudes 27° to 31°. There is a certain difference between the actual commodity and the standards of medicinal materials. It is suggested that the traditional mainstream types of Fructus Aurantii with fine quality should be accepted into Chinese Pharmacopoeia, and the types with poor quality should be withdrawn from Chinese Pharmacopoeia.
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Citrus/classificação , Citrus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , China , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas , Frutas , GeografiaRESUMO
The performance of intelligent prosthetic knee has an important effect on the realization of physiological gait of transfemoral amputees. A new type of single axis hydraulic damping knee prosthesis was designed based on the analysis of physiological gait. The training methods of the stance and swing phase were proposed. Knee prosthesis test was done through simulation and measurement device. The control target of peak flexion angle during swing of knee prosthesis is chosen to be 60-70°. When the damper valve closure was 0%, maximum swing-phase knee flexion angle of knee prosthesis were (86±2)°, (91±3)° and (97±3)° with the speed of 0.8 m/s, 1.2 m/s and 1.8 m/s, respectively. Once the valve closure was changed, maximum swing-phase knee flexion angle with different speeds could be adjusted between 60° and 70° and the required valve closure percentage were separately 25%, 40% and 70%. The damping adjustment law of intelligent knee prosthesis to achieve physiological gait was revealed.
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BACKGROUND: The microprocessor-controlled prosthetic knees have been introduced to transfemoral amputees due to advances in biomedical engineering. A body of scientific literature has shown that the microprocessor-controlled prosthetic knees improve the gait and functional abilities of persons with transfemoral amputation. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to propose a new microprocessor-controlled prosthetic knee (MPK) and compare it with non-microprocessor-controlled prosthetic knees (NMPKs) under different walking speeds. METHODS: The microprocessor-controlled prosthetic knee (i-KNEE) with hydraulic damper was developed. The comfortable self-selected walking speeds of 12 subjects with i-KNEE and NMPK were obtained. The maximum swing flexion knee angle and gait symmetry were compared in i-KNEE and NMPK condition. RESULTS: The comfortable self-selected walking speeds of some subjects were higher with i-KNEE while some were not. There was no significant difference in comfortable self-selected walking speed between the i-KNEE and the NMPK condition (P= 0.138). The peak prosthetic knee flexion during swing in the i-KNEE condition was between sixty and seventy degree under any walking speed. In the NMPK condition, the maximum swing flexion knee angle changed significantly. And it increased with walking speed. There is no significant difference in knee kinematic symmetry when the subjects wear the i-KNEE or NMPK. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicated that the new microprocessor-controlled prosthetic knee was suitable for transfemoral amputees. The maximum swing flexion knee angle under different walking speeds showed different properties in the NMPK and i-KNEE condition. The i-KNEE was more adaptive to speed changes. There was little difference of comfortable self-selected walking speed between i-KNEE and NMPK condition.
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Amputados , Prótese do Joelho , Microcomputadores , Desenho de Prótese , Velocidade de Caminhada , Adulto , Membros Artificiais , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Estudos Cross-Over , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Satisfação do Paciente , Amplitude de Movimento ArticularRESUMO
In recent years, many research groups have synthesized ultra-thin silver nanowires (AgNWs) with diameters below 30 nm by employing Cl- and Br- simultaneously in the polyol process. However, the yield of AgNWs in this method was low, due to the production of Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) as an unwanted byproduct, especially in the case of high Br- concentration. Here, we investigated the roles of Cl- and Br- in the preparation of AgNWs and then synthesized high aspect ratio (up to 2100) AgNWs in high yield (>85% AgNWs) using a Cl- and Br- co-mediated method. We found that multiply-twinned particles (MTPs) with different critical sizes were formed and grew into AgNWs, accompanied by a small and large amount of AgNPs for the NaCl and NaBr additives, respectively. For the first time, we propose that the growth of AgNWs of different diameters and yields can be understood based on the electron trap distribution (ETD) of the silver halide crystals. For the case of Cl- and Br- co-additives, a mixed silver halide crystal of AgBr1-xClx was formed, rather than the AgBr/AgCl mixture reported previously. In this type of crystal, the ETD is uniform, which is beneficial for the synthesis of AgNWs with small diameter (30~40 nm) and high aspect ratio. AgNW transparent electrodes were prepared in air by rod coating. A sheet resistance of 48 Ω/sq and transmittance of 95% at 550 nm were obtained without any post-treatment.
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BACKGROUND: Prosthetic knee is the most important component of lower limb prosthesis. Speed adaptive for prosthetic knee during swing flexion is the key method to realize physiological gait. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to discuss the target of physiological gait, propose a speed adaptive control method during swing flexion and research the damping adjustment law of intelligent hydraulic prosthetic knee. METHODS: According to the physiological gait trials of healthy people, the control target during swing flexion is defined. A new prosthetic knee with fuzzy logical control during swing flexion is designed to realize the damping adjustment automatically. The function simulation and evaluation system of intelligent knee prosthesis is provided. Speed adaptive control test of the intelligent prosthetic knee in different velocities are researched. RESULTS: The maximum swing flexion of the knee angle is set between sixty degree and seventy degree as the target of physiological gait. Preliminary experimental results demonstrate that the prosthetic knee with fuzzy logical control is able to realize physiological gait under different speeds. The faster the walking, the bigger the valve closure percentage of the hydraulic prosthetic knee. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed fuzzy logical control strategy and intelligent hydraulic prosthetic knee are effective for the amputee to achieve physiological gait.
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Marcha/fisiologia , Prótese do Joelho , Amplitude de Movimento Articular/fisiologia , Adulto , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Feminino , Lógica Fuzzy , Humanos , Masculino , Desenho de Prótese , Velocidade de Caminhada , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Cell-assisted lipotransfer (CAL) has been widely used in various clinical applications, including breast augmentation following mammectomy, soft-tissue reconstruction and wound healing. However, the clinical application of CAL has been restricted due to the transplanted fat tissues being readily liquefied and absorbed. The present review examines 57 previously published studies involving CAL, including fat grafting or fat transfer with human adipose-stem cells in all known databases. Of these 57 articles, seven reported the clinical application of CAL. In the 57 studies, the majority of the fat tissues were obtained from the abdomen via liposuction of the seven clinical studies, four were performed in patients requiring breast augmentation, one in a patient requiring facial augmentation, one in a patient requiring soft tissue augmentation/reconstruction and one in a patient requiring fat in their upper arms. Despite the potential risks, there has been an increased demand for CAL in in cosmetic or aesthetic applications. Thus, criteria and guidelines are necessary for the clinical application of CAL technology.
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Lipectomia , Tecido Adiposo/citologia , Separação Celular , Humanos , Lipectomia/efeitos adversos , Cuidados Pós-Operatórios , Fatores de Risco , Células-Tronco/citologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Sepsis is a major clinical challenge in modern medicine, representing one of the leading causes of death in developed countries. The syndrome is a consequence of a dysregulated immune response, including early uncontrolled systemic inflammation and prolonged immunosuppression in the late phase. The present study was conducted to investigate the therapeutic effects of astragaloside IV (ASI-IV) on the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into sham control + vehicle, CLP + vehicle, and CLP + ASI-IV groups. ASI-IV (3 mg/kg) was intravenously injected 1 h after CLP surgery. Survival rate, bacterial clearance, inflammatory mediators, phagocytes emigration, histopathology, and lymphocyte apoptosis were examined. The effects of ASI-IV on peritoneal macrophage activation and its underlying mechanisms were also evaluated. RESULTS: We reported that treatment with ASI-IV significantly improved survival in septic mice. In agreement with this protective effect, the pathologic damage that was typically seen in lung and spleen was ameliorated; the level of bacterial burden was lessened; inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in circulation were profoundly reduced; lymphocyte apoptosis was inhibited. ASI-IV suppressed LPS-induced macrophage activation through inhibiting NF-κB and ERK1/2 signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS: ASI-IV protected mice against polymicrobial sepsis by inhibiting inflammatory response and lymphocyte apoptosis. Therefore, ASI-IV might provide a novel therapeutic approach for septic patients.