[Advances in risk factors and early imaging assessment of canine impaction].

The canines play an important role in both the esthetics and function of the human body. The maxillary canines has the highest prevalence of impaction in the entire dentition, except for the third molars. Once canine impaction occurs, it can lead to the conditions such as root resorption of adjacent teeth, occlusal function interference and esthetic problems. Moreover, the treatment of canine impaction is time consuming and difficult, and it often requires multi-disciplinary involvement. Therefore, the early diagnosis and treatment of canine impaction is an urgent problem in orthodontic treatment. The etiology of canine impaction is complex and its early development is highly insidious. To assist orthodontists in the early diagnosis and treatment of canine impaction, this review summarizes and discusses the relevant risk factors associated with maxillary and mandibular canine impaction, and the commonly used radiographic assessment methods.

[Analysis of the results of occupational health examination of radiation workers in Shaanxi Province].

Objective: To analyze the results of occupational health examinations of radiation workers in Shaanxi Province, and to provide basis and reference for effectively conduct occupational health monitoring. Methods: From April 2016 to January 2022, a questionnaire survey was conducted to collect the basic information on occupational health examinations of qualified radiation workers in Shaanxi Province from 2016 to 2021. Based on the abnormal rate of occupational health among radiation workers, 1018 people were randomly selected using a cluster stratified sampling method to analyze the occupational health examination results of different positions, types of work, gender, length of service, and exposure doses. Results: The chromosomal aberration rates of peripheral blood lymphocytes among radiation workers in Shaanxi Province from 2016 to 2021 were 0.26% (10/3876), 0.77% (27/3512), 0.16% (16/10153), 0.09% (13/14769), 0.10% (13/13399), and 0.12% (20/16671), respectively. The abnormal rates of thyroid ultrasound examination were 32.33% (150/464), 24.46% (649/2653), 55.24% (786/1423), 32.89% (888/2700), 35.69% (1475/4133), and 42.51% (1993/4688), respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the abnormal rates among different years (P<0.05). The abnormal rate of renal function examination in male radiation workers was higher than that in females (P<0.05). Compared with non medical users, the abnormal rates of renal function, thyroid function, and blood routine examination in medical radiation workers were higher (P<0.05), and the abnormal rates of renal function, thyroid function, and blood routine examination in medical applications were higher than those in radiation diagnosis, nuclear medicine, and radiation therapy (P<0.05). The abnormal rates of electrocardiogram, chest X-ray, blood pressure, thyroid function, and blood routine increased with the length of service (P<0.05). The abnormal rates of blood pressure, liver function, kidney function, thyroid function, and blood routine examination increased with the exposure dose (P<0.05) . Conclusion: The occupational health status of radiation workers is not optimistic. Occupational health monitoring should be strengthened, especially interventional radiation diagnosis occupational health examination, as well as changes in the indicators of sensitive organs such as eye lens and thyroid, so as to ensure the health of radiation workers.

[Clinicopathological and molecular features of multinodular and vacuolating neuronal tumors of the cerebrum].

Objective: To investigate clinicopathological features of multinodular and vacuolar neurodegenerative tumor (MVNT) of the cerebrum, and to investigate its immunophenotype, molecular characteristics and prognosis. Methods: Four cases were collected at the General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China and one case was collected at the First People's Hospital of Huizhou, China from 2013 to 2021. Clinical, histological, immunohistochemical and molecular characteristics of these five cases were analyzed. Follow-up was carried out to evaluate their prognoses. Results: There were four females and one male, with an average age of 42 years (range, 17 to 51 years). Four patients presented with seizures, while one presented with discomfort on the head. Pre-operative imaging demonstrated non-enhancing, T2-hyperintense multinodular lesions in the deep cortex and superficial white matter of the frontal (n=1) or temporal lobes (n=4). Microscopically, the tumor cells were mostly arranged in discrete and coalescent nodules primarily within the deep cortical ribbon and superficial subcortical white matter. The tumors were composed of large cells with ganglionic morphology, vesicular nuclei, prominent nucleoli and amphophilic or lightly basophilic cytoplasm. They exhibited varying degrees of matrix vacuolization. Vacuolated tumor cells did not show overt cellular atypia or any mitotic activities. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells exhibited widespread nuclear staining for the HuC/HuD neuronal antigens, SOX10 and Olig2. Expression of other neuronal markers, including synaptophysin, neurofilament and MAP2, was patchy to absent. The tumor cells were negative for NeuN, GFAP, p53, H3K27M, IDH1 R132H, ATRX, BRG1, INI1 and BRAF V600E. No aberrant molecular changes were identified in case 3 and case 5 using next-generation sequencing (including 131 genes related to diagnosis and prognosis of central nervous system tumors). All patients underwent complete or substantial tumor excision without adjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Post-operative follow-up information over intervals of 6 months to 8 years was available for five patients. All patients were free of recurrence. Conclusions: MVNT is an indolent tumor, mostly affecting adults, which supports classifying MVNT as WHO grade 1. There is no tumor recurrence even in the patients treated with subtotal surgical excision. MVNTs may be considered for observation or non-surgical treatments if they are asymptomatic.

Oridonin Enhances the Anti-Metastasis Effect of Oxaliplatinliplatin on Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastasis.

The anti-metastasis effect of oridonin in combination with oxaliplatin on colorectal cancer liver metastasis was studied using a BALB/c nude mouse model. The liver condition, bloody ascites, cholestasis, and liver metastasis scores in the three groups receiving oxaliplatin combined with oridonin were significantly milder than in the control group and importantly the anti-migratory effect of oxaliplatin combined with oridonin was obviously the strongest (p<0.05). Oridonin possessed no hepatotoxicity; instead, it effectively alleviated liver injury caused by oxaliplatin. Oridonin alone or in combination with oxaliplatin significantly decreased serum levels of α-fetoprotein and carcinoembryonic antigen. Therefore, oridonin combined with oxaliplatin displays great potential to markedly increase the anti-metastasis effect of oxaliplatin in the treatment of liver metastases of colorectal cancer.

[Seroepidemiology of pertussis in healthy population in Ningbo, 2019].

Objective: To understand the seroepidemiological characteristics of pertussis in healthy population in Ningbo, and estimate the overall incidence of pertussis. Methods: A cross-sectional survey method was used in this study. A total of 1 206 healthy residents in 9 age groups were stratified randomly selected from 3 counties of Ningbo. Serum samples were collected from the subjects, and the pertussis toxin immunoglobulin G antibody (PT-IgG) levels were measured quantitatively by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The mean PT-IgG seropositive rate in the subjects was 0.91% (95%CI:0.45%-1.63%) with a geometric mean titer (GMT) of 3.10 (95%CI:2.86-3.36) IU/ml. The seropositive rates ranged from 0.00% to 1.68%, and the GMTs ranged from 2.08 IU/ml to 5.28 IU/ml in 9 age groups. The incidence rate of pertussis was estimated to be 4 572.81 per 100 000 in age group ≥5 years (95%CI:1 807.30 per 100 000-9 348.12 per 100 000), and the peak of estimated incidence rates were found in age group 5- years (9 301.62 per 100 000, 95%CI:1 121.77 per 100 000-33 154.68 per 100 000) and age group ≥50 years old (8 967.02 per 100 000, 95%CI: 1 059.45 per 100 000-31 845.94 per 100 000). Conclusions: The actual incidence of pertussis was high in Ningbo in 2019. As a result of waning immunity after vaccination, pertussis can occur in adolescents and adults. The pertussis surveillance should be strengthened and the pertussis vaccination strategy should be improved.

Transmembrane Protease TMPRSS4 Promotes the Formation and Development of Mismatch Repair Deficient Colon Cancer Liver Metastasis.

We studied metastasis-promoting effect of transmembrane protease TMPRSS4 on mismatch repair (MMR)-deficient colorectal cancer liver metastasis in BALB/c nude mouse model. Histomorphological and histopathological studies showed that the number of liver metastases in the study group were significantly higher than that in the control group (p<0.05). The expression of TMPRSS4 mRNA and protein in the study group were obviously higher than in the control group (p<0.05). These findings suggest that TMPRSS4 possesses a metastasis-promoting effect and its low expression can effectively block the progression of MMR-deficient colon cancer liver metastasis.

[Epidemiological study of infantile epilepsy incidence density among infants under 36 months of age in Ningbo City from 2015 to 2019].

OBJECTIVE: To describe the distribution and trend of infantile epilepsy among infants under 36 months in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province. METHODS: Using the birth cohort design, we retrospectively collected the local born infants in Ningbo national health information platform from 2015 to 2019, and took the first visit of epilepsy in the electronic medical record of the platform as the new case. The incidence density and 95% confidence interval (CI) of epilepsy were estimated by Poisson distribution. RESULTS: From 2015 to 2019, a total of 294 900 children were born in Ningbo, with male accounting for 51.92%. The total person-years of observation were 595 300, while the median follow-up person-years was 2.31 [interquartile range (IQR): 1.90]. There were 575 new onset epilepsy patients during the whole observation period. The total number of visits was 2 599, with an average of 4.52. The total incidence density was 96.59/100 000 person-years (95%CI: 88.85-104.82). The median age of onset was 13 months (IQR: 15), 0-12 months old infants had the highest incidence density (102.18/100 000 person-years), 25-36 months old infants had the lowest incidence density (89.68/100 000 person-years), and the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The incidence density of male was 97.58/100 000 person-years, female was 95.53/100 000 person-years, and the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Fenghua was the highest (130.54/100 000 person-years, 95%CI: 94.47-175.83) and Ninghai was the lowest (66.44/100 000 person-years, 95%CI: 47.02-91. 19), with significant difference (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence density in different birth years (P>0.05). There was significant difference in the incidence density between 0-12 months old infants in different calendar years (Ptrend < 0.05). In this age group, the incidence density was the lowest in 2015 (69.41/100 000 person-years, 95%CI: 41.79-108.39), and the highest in 2019 (225.61/100 000 person-years, 95%CI: 186.10-271.03). There was no significant difference in the incidence density between 13-24 and 25-36 months old infants in different calendar years (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: The incidence density of epilepsy in 0-36 months old infants in Ningbo City from 2015 to 2019 was low as a whole, and there was no difference in age group, gender, and year of birth. The incidence density of 0-12 months old infants increased with the year.

[Efficacy and safety of ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in Chinese patients with acute coronary syndrome treated with glycoprotein â ¡b/â ¢a receptor antagonist].

Objective: To explore the efficacy and safety of ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) Chinese patients using glycoprotein Ⅱb/Ⅲa inhibitor (GPI). Methods: The data from CCC-ACS (Improving Care for Cardiovascular Disease in China-ACS) project were systematically reviewed in ACS patients with GPI. The patients were divided into ticagrelor and clopidogrel groups. A logistic analysis and propensity score matching (PSM) were performed to compare occurrences of major cardiovascular events (MACE) and bleeding events between the two groups during hospitalization. Results: A total of 63 641 ACS patients were collected from 150 hospitals. Logistic regression analyses showed that there was no statistically significant difference in the reduction of MACE between ticagrelor and clopidogrel when using GPI (OR=0.881, 95%CI 0.599-1.296; P=0.521). However, major bleeding rate was higher in the ticagrelor group than that in the clopidogrel group (OR=1.401, 95%CI 1.075-1.852; P=0.013). Similar results were observed after PSM. No statistic difference in MACE between the ticagrelor and clopidogrel group (OR=0.919, 95%CI 0.613-1.376; P=0.681). Major bleeding rate was higher in the ticagrelor group (OR=1.559, 95%CI 1.130-2.150; P=0.007). Conclusion: In ACS patients with GPI, ticagrelor did not reduce MACE, but increased the major bleeding risk compared with clopidogrel.

Theabrownin Induces Cell Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest of Oligodendroglioma and Astrocytoma in Different Pathways.

Theabrownin (TB), a natural compound present in the fresh leaves of green tea, is a potential antitumor agent. However, so far whether and how TB affects glioma is unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of TB on astroglioma and oligodendroglioma cells. Surprisingly, TB significantly reduced the viabilities of HOG and U251 cells in a dose-dependent manner, which was accompanied by the upregulation of active-Casp-3, Bax, and PTEN; meanwhile, the antiapoptotic gene Bcl-2 was downregulated. In addition, TB treatment induced cell cycle arrest at the G1 and G2/M phases in HOG and U251 cells, respectively. TB treatment caused the downregulating of c-myc, cyclin D, CDK2, and CDK4 and upregulating of p21 and p27 in the HOG cell, while TB increased P53, p21, and p27 levels and decreased the levels of cell cycle regulator proteins such as CDK and cyclin A/B in the U251 cells. Therefore, the c-myc- and P53-related mechanisms were proposed for cell cycle arrest in these two glioma cell lines, respectively. Overall, our findings indicated that TB could be a novel candidate drug for the treatment of gliomas.

MiR-101a attenuates myocardial cell apoptosis in rats with acute myocardial infarction via targeting TGF-ß/JNK signaling pathway.

The article "MiR-101a attenuates myocardial cell apoptosis in rats with acute myocardial infarction via targeting TGF-ß/JNK signaling pathway, by F.-Q. Zhou, X.-F. Zhao, F.-Y. Liu, S.-S. Wang, H.-L. Hu, Y. Fang, published in Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2019; 23 (10): 4432-4438-DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_201905_17952-PMID: 31173319" has been withdrawn from the authors. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. https://www.europeanreview.org/article/17952.

The long non-coding RNA PVT1/miR-145-5p/ITGB8 axis regulates cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion in non-small cell lung cancer cells.

Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 80% of lung cancer. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are closely associated with the development and progression of various cancers, including lung cancer. The purpose of this study was to explore the potential role and molecular mechanism of lncRNA plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) in regulating the proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion of NSCLC cells. The expressions of PVT1, integrin ß-8 (ITGB8), and miR-145-5p were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The protein levels of ITGB8, MEK, p-MEK, ERK, and p-ERK were measured by western blot analysis. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion were determined by MTT assay, flow cytometry, and transwell assay, respectively. The potential binding sites between miR-145-5p and PVT1 or ITGB8 were predicted by online software and verified by luciferase reporter assay. A xenograft tumor model was established to confirm the effect of PVT1 on NSCLC in vivo. We found out that the expression levels of PVT1 and ITGB8 were upregulated in NSCLC tissues and cells. Knockdown of PVT1 or ITGB8 suppressed cell proliferation, migration, invasion and promoted apoptosis in NSCLC cells, which could be reversed by ITGB8 overexpression in NSCLC cells. Moreover, PVT1 could regulate ITGB8 expression via direct binding to miR-145-5p. Furthermore, PVT1 regulated the MEK/ERK pathway by affecting ITGB8 expression. In addition, knockdown of PVT1 inhibited tumor growth, ITGB8 expression, MEK/ERK signaling pathway, and increased miR-145-5p expression in vivo. In conclusion, the knockdown of PVT1 inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion but induced apoptosis of NSCLC cells by regulating miR-145-5p/ITGB8 axis and inhibiting MEK/ERK signaling pathway, providing a novel avenue for the treatment of NSCLC.

MiR-101a attenuates myocardial cell apoptosis in rats with acute myocardial infarction via targeting TGF-ß/JNK signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of micro ribonucleic acid (miR)-101a on myocardial cell apoptosis in the rat model of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and its regulatory mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 30 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into the Sham group, Model group, and miR-101a mimic group, with 10 rats in each group. The rat model of AMI was established by the ligation of the anterior descending coronary artery. The rat left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) and left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV) were detected using a color Doppler ultrasonic apparatus. Subsequently, the miRNA online database (TargetScan) was adopted to predict miRNAs that could be able to regulate TGF-ß1. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was conducted to reveal the histopathological morphology changes in the rat heart. The serum levels of cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 (Caspase-3) and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) in rats were detected via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Moreover, the expression levels of the transforming growth factor-beta l (TGF-ß1) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in rat heart were measured via Western blotting. RESULTS: Through searching miRNA database, miR-101a and TGF-ß1 messenger RNAs (mRNAs) had binding sites in the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR). Compared with those in Sham group, the rat LVEDV and LVESV were notably elevated, the histopathological morphology of the heart was seriously damaged, the apoptotic rate of myocardial cells and the levels of TGF-ß1 and JNK proteins significantly increased in the Model group. Additionally, compared with those in the Model group, the LVEDV and LVESV of rats in miR-101a mimic group were significantly reduced, the histopathological morphology of the heart was markedly improved, and the apoptotic rate and the levels of TGF-ß1 and JNK in rat heart were remarkably decreased. CONCLUSIONS: The myocardial cell apoptosis in AMI rats can be suppressed by overexpression of miR-101a by inhibiting the TGF-ß1/JNK signaling pathway.

KLF11 promotes gastric cancer invasion and migration by increasing Twist1 expression.

Gastric cancer (GC) is a leading cause of global cancer-related death. The incidence and mortality rates of gastric cancer in China are second and third ranked in all forms of malignant tumors. Krüppel-like factor11 (KLF11) is a member of the KLF family, and previous studies have shown it significantly influences epithelial ovarian, pancreatic and liver cancer proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. However, the expression and some biological functions of KLF11 in GC are still unclear. We therefore collected and analyzed the mRNA and protein expressions of KLF11 in 59 paired gastric cancer tissues and matched healthy gastric tissue samples. We then investigated the KLF 11 biological functions and potential mechanisms in BGC823 and HGC27 gastric cancer cell lines. Analysis of KLF11 in gastric cancer specimens confirmed up-regulation compared to adjacent healthy gastric tissues, and similar results were evident in the GC cell lines. Ectopic expression of KLF11 was significantly associated with GC cell invasion and migration. KLF11 functions were most effective in Twist1 expression and knockdown, and also in KLF11 up-regulation which was accompanied by corresponding change in Twist1 expression; but these effects were inhibited when KLF11 was silenced by the small interfering RNA (siRNA). The relative Twist1 promoter region activity increased gradually with increasing KLF11 plasma, and KLF11 therefore has a critical role in regulating gastric cancer migration and invasion by increasing Twist1 expression. Finally, the results of this study should improve understanding of the KLF11 and EMT regulating network and KLF11's use as a potential therapeutic target in gastric cancer.

[Dissemination of insertion sequence common regions 1 and int1 gene and drug resistance of 483 Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia broiler isolates].

Objective: To investigate and analyze distribution characteristics of two multidrug resistance related genes in broiler isolates in Shandong province. Methods: The pre slaughter broilers were chosen from Shandong province in this study in June, 2014. A total of 400 fecal samples from five different zones (east, south, west, north and middle) of the hen house were collected. 373(77.2%) Escherichia coli and 110 (22.8%) Klebsiella pneumonia strains were isolated, and ISCR1 and int1 gene were detected by PCR assay and sequencing. The resistance to 10 drugs belonging to 8 classes antimicrobial drugs were obtained by using minimal broth dilution method and data analysis. The difference between isolates and drug resistance profiles was analyzed. Results: Among 483 isolates, 440 isolates (91.1%), 126 isolates (26.1%) and 126 isolates (26.1%) were detected as int1, ISCR1 and both two gene carriers, respectively. The rate of 37 E. coli isolates not carried ISCR1 or int1 gene resistant to 0 to 2, 3 to 5, 6 to 8 classes antimicrobial agents was 13.5% (n=5), 78.4% (n=29), and 8.1% (n=3), respectively; the rate of 288 only int1 gene E. coli carriers resistant to 0 to 2, 3 to 5, 6 to 8 groups antimicrobial agents was 2.4% (n=7), 74.7% (n=215), and 22.9% (n=6), respectively. The data above showed significant difference (P<0.001). The rate of 26 only int1 gene K. pneumonia carriers resistant to 0 to 2, 3 to 5, 6 to 8 classes antimicrobial agents was 11.5% (n=3), 76.9% (n=20), and 11.5% (n=3), respectively; the rate of 78 both two gene K. pneumonia carriers resistant to0 to 2, 3 to 5, 6 to 8 groups antimicrobial agents was 0, 35.9% (n=28), and 64.1% (n=50), respectively. The data above showed significant difference (P<0.001). Conclusion: Gene int1 and ISCR1 showed high prevalence in E. coli and K. pneumonia isolates. High level multi-drug resistance profile could be mediated by int1 and ISCR1 gene co-existence.

[Drug resistance and dissemination of New Delhi metallo-ß-lactamase 1 positive bacteria in a patient].

Objective: The aim of this work was to report the surveillance and dissemination of NDM-1 positive bacteria in a patient and ward environment. Methods: In 2010, during the therapy for a 51 years old patient, clinical and environmental samples were collected for carbapenem resistant bacterial culture, according to the clinical microbiological examination. Strains identification and antibiotic susceptibility were tested by VITEK Compact 2 system and E-test. The bla(NDM-1) was detected by PCR and analyzed by sequencing. Plasmids containing bla(NDM-1) were submitted to PFGE-S1 and Southern hybridization. Results: During hospitalization from October 1st to November 4th, nine strains were isolated from blood, sputum, urine, fecal, and ward ground samples. The Klebsiella oxytoca, Raoultella planticola, and Acinetobacter baumannii were isolated from blood sample. The Klebsiella pneumonia and Acinetobacter baumannii were isolated from sputum sample. An Acinetobacter lwoffii was isolated from urine sample. An Escherichia coli was isolated from fecal sample. And the Acinetobacter lwoffii and Acinetobacter spp. were isolated from ward ground. Four strains were NDM-1 positive, which were Raoultella planticola (RpNDM1) isolated from blood, Escherichia coli (EcNDM1) isolated from fecal, Acinetobacter lwoffii (AlDNM1) and Acinetobacter spp. (AsNDM1) isolated from ward ground. Four NDM-1 positive strains were resistant to Piperacillin, Piperacillin tazobactam, Cefepime, Ceftriaxone, Ceftazidime, Imipenem, Meropenem, and Ertapenem. Southern hybridization revealed that bla(NDM-1) were all located on plasmids in the four positive strains. Conclusion:bla(NDM-1) can transfer rapidly among different species, resulting in difficult to control and prevent. While isolating patient who is carrying NDM-1 positive strains, more attention should be paid to the disposal of patient's excreta, especially stool, should be paid more attention.