[Electrocardiogram characteristics of patients with ventricular arrhythmia originating from the distal great cardiac vein].

Objective: To explore the electrocardiographic characteristics of patients with idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) originating from different portions of distal great cardiac veins (DGCV). Methods: The study included 49 patients underwent successful RFCA of premature ventricular complex(PVCs)/ventricular tachycardia(VT) from different portions of the DGCV in our department from July 2009 to March 2016. The surface 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) and intraventricular ablation mapping features were analyzed. Patients were divided into four groups according to the mapping and ablation results: DGCV1(10 patients), DGCV2 (13 patients), proximalanterior interventricular vein (PAIV, 17 patients)and extend distal great cardiac vein (EDGCV, 9 patients). We analyzed the similarities and differences between surface 12-lead ECG of patients with PVCs/VT from different portions of DGCV, and compared with random chosen 290 patients with PVCs/VT from ventricular outflow tract and adjacent structure. Results: A positive R wave in inferior leads, a negative QS morphology in lead aVL and aVR were found among all groups. The different characteristics of surface 12-lead ECG of VAs originating from DGCV were as follows: (1)EDGCV patients demonstrated a positive R or r wave on lead Ⅰ(6/9) while a negative rS or qr wave was evidenced in other three groups (39/40). (2)A positive R pattern on lead V(1), V(5)-V(6) (11/13) was presented in patients of DGCV2 group; R (without S or s) wave on V(1) (9/10), RS or Rs wave on V(5)-V(6) were found in DGCV1 group; RS or rS wave was seen on lead V(1), R(without S)wave in lead V(5)-V(6) (25/26) were found in EDGCV and PAIV group and the amplification of R wave in EDGCV was higher than V(1) of PAIV group.(3)Precordial lead transition zone was in front of V(1) for DGCV1 and DGCV2 groups (23/23), within V(1)-V(3) for EDGCV group, but on V(2) or within V(2)-V(3) for PAIV group.(4)Patients of DGCV1 and DGCV2 demonstrated a longer Pseudo delta wave time(PdW), intrinsicoid deflection time (IDT), significantly larger maximum deflection index (MDI) than those in PAIV and EDGCV groups (P<0.001). (5)The different characteristics of surface 12-lead ECG between VAs originating from DGCV and those from ventricular outflow tract and adjacent structure were as follows: ① The ECG features were similar between PVIA and LCC group, both demonstrated a rs wave on the lead Ⅰ, rS wave on V(1)-V(2) and R wave on V(5)-V(6); ②The ECG features were similar betweenEDGCV and RCC group, both presented with R or r wave on the lead Ⅰ, the QRS wave of precordial leads was similar as PAIV and LCC groups; ③A R wave on the lead V(1), V(5)-V(6) was found in group DGCV2, and ILCC; ④Similar to the group Endo-MAA, patients in DGCV1 group also demonstrated a R wave on the lead V(1) and a Rs wave on V(5)-V(6). Conclusion: A positive R wave in inferior leads, a negative QS morphology in lead aVL and aVR are seen in all patients, but different electrocardiographic characteristics of PVC/VT originating from the different portions of the DGCV are presented on lead Ⅰ and V(1)-V(6).

[Detection trend of vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia diagnosed by colposcopy guided biopsy from 2013 to 2015].

Objective: To explore the detection trend of vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VaIN) of lower genital tract from 2013 to 2015. Methods: A retrospective analysis was undertaken of colposcopy-directed biopsy of cervical, vaginal and vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia lesions include cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), VaIN and vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) in Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University from January 2013 to December 2015. Results: (1) Overall data of CIN, VaIN and VIN: a total of 16 732 cases were diagnosed of lower genital intraepithelial neoplasia in 3 years, accounting for 23.20% (16 732/72 128) of total colposcopy-directed biopsy cases. Among them, CIN, VaIN and VIN accounted for 19.48% (14 053/72 128), 2.67% (1 923/72 128), 1.05% (756/72 128) of total colposcopy-directed biopsy cases of the lower genital tract, 83.99% (14 053/16 732), 11.49% (1 923/16 732), 4.52% (756/16 732) of total lower genital intraepithelial neoplasia, respectively. (2) Annual data of CIN, VaIN and VIN from 2013 to 2015. The annual proportion of CIN in all intraepithelial neoplasia of lower gential tract was basically stable, consisting of 86.02%(3 955/4 598),83.25%(4 795/5 760) and 83.20% (5 303/6 374), respectively. The annual proportion of VaIN was gradually increasing, consisting of 8.09%(372/4 598), 12.45%(717/5 760) and 13.08%(834/6 374), respectively. The annual proportion of VIN was gradually decreasing, consisting of 5.89%(271/4 598), 4.31%(248/5 760) and 3.72%(237/6 374), respectively. Conclusion: The increasing detection of VaIN from 2013 to 2015 might correlate with the increasing attention to inspection of the entire vaginal wall.

[Diagnosis and treatment value of colposcopy and loop electrosurgical excision procedure in microinvasive cervical cancer: analysis of 135 cases].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the sensitivity and specificity of colposcopy directed biopsy (CDB) and the value of loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) for the diagnosis and treatment of microinvasive cervical cancer (MCC). METHODS: One hundred and thirty five patients with MCC were diagnosed with LEEP in Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University from April 2008 to November 2010, and were retrospectively analyzed on CDB diagnoses and following treatment after LEEP. According to patient's desire for preservation of fertility and cone margin status, following strategies after LEEP included follow-up, second LEEP, hysterectomy, modified radical hysterectomy and radical hysterectomy. Single and multiple factors related to residual lesions after LEEP were analysed with Pearson Chi-square test and logistic regression model, respectively. RESULTS: CDB diagnosed MCC with a sensitivity of 4.4 % (6/135), specificity of 100.0% (4 680/4 680), and false negative rate of 95.6% (129/135). Among the 135 patients, 29 did not receive further treatment in our hospital and lost contact. One hundred and six patients had secondary treatment or follow-up in our hospital, 4 of among which were closely followed up; one hundred and two received further treatment, which included 6 cases with second LEEP (3 received extrafascial hysterectomy after repeat LEEP), 59 cases hysterectomy, 14 cases modified radical hysterectomy and 26 cases radical hysterectomy. For factors related to residual lesions after LEEP, single factor analysis showed that the ratio of residual lesion in patients aged 27-39, 40-49 and 50-65 years were respectively 19.0% (11/58), 15.4% (10/65) and 5/12 (χ(2)=4.505, P=0.105). Residual lesions occurred in 24.7% (23/93) of patients with positive LEEP margins, which was more than that 7.1% (3/42) of patients with negative LEEP margins (χ(2)=5.756, P=0.016). The ratio of residual lesions in patients with positive endocervical, ectocervical and deep stromal margins were respectively 29.6%(8/27), 17.1%(7/41) and 30.6%(11/36; χ(2)= 2.275, P=0.321). Residual lesions in patients with or without lymph vascular space invasion (LVSI) were 2/7 and 18.8% (24/128), respectively (χ(2)=0.412, P=0.521). The ratio of residual lesions in patients with invasion depth of <1 mm was 17.1% (7/41), 1-<3 mm was 19.0% (16/84), and 3-5 mm was 3/10, with no significant difference among three groups (χ(2)=0.870, P=0.647). Logistic regression analysis showed positive cone margin (OR=5.069, P=0.014) and age (OR=1.080, P=0.024) were the independent risk factors of residual lesions after LEEP conization. CONCLUSIONS: CDB alone is not adequate for the diagnosis of MCC. For young patients who desire to preserve fertility with a negative cone margin, close follow-up is acceptable. Cone margin status and age are two independent risk factors for residual lesions after LEEP.

Antiapoptotic and antioxidant effects of rosmarinic acid in astrocytes.

The protective effects of rosmarinic acid (RA), a polyphenolic compound, on apoptosis induced by hydrogen peroxide in astrocytes were studied. Pretreating cells with RA significantly increased cell viability and decreased apoptosis rate induced by H2O2. The antiapoptotic effect of RA was further confirmed by increase of mitochondrial membrane potential and inhibition of caspase-3 activity. RA also attenuated cellular oxidative stress by decreasing the amount of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde. Results clearly show that RA was able to attenuate H2O2-induced cell injury by its antiapoptotic and antioxidant activity.

The serum of rats administered flavonoid extract from Epimedium sagittatum but not the extract itself enhances the development of rat calvarial osteoblast-like cells in vitro.

The flavonoid extract from Epimedium sagittatum (FES) has been found by us to be effective in preventing osteoporosis induced by ovariectomy in rats. In the present study, the effect of FES on the development of rat calvarial osteoblast-like (ROB) cells was investigated. No appreciable effect was observed when ROB cells were exposed to FES in vitro. However, serum isolated from rats administered FES orally was able to significantly stimulate the proliferation as well as the osteoblastic differentiation of ROB cells compared to serum from control rats. The results indicate that the serum of rats administered FES contains active metabolites ofFES that enhance the development of osteoblasts, while the original form of FES itself is inactive.

Scavenging effects of natural phenols on oxidizing intermediates of peroxynitrite.

Most of peroxynitrite (ONOO-/ONOOH) is formed via the diffusion-limited reaction between nitric oxide and superoxide. In biological systems, the decomposition of ONOO- yields 30-35% of carbonate radical (CO3*-) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2*), which are strongly oxidizing intermediates and are suggested to take a part of the responsibility for the toxicity of nitric oxide (NO*) or ONOO-. Therefore, the current study focuses on the scavenging activities of phenols toward CO3*- and NO2* to protect biomolecules from damage caused by NO* or ONOO- using the technique of pulse radiolysis. From the build-up kinetic of the phenoxyl radicals and the decay kinetic of CO3*- radical, the rate constants of scavenging reactions were determined to be 1.9-3.4 x 10(8) M(-1) x s(-1) and 0.11-1.9 x 10(8) M(-1) x s(-1) for CO3*- and NO2* respectively. The results indicated that the tested phenols are the efficient scavengers of CO3*- and NO2*.

Fast repair of the poly G hydroxyl radical adduct by two phenylpropanoid glycosides.

The repair activities and the reaction mechanisms of two phenylpropanoid glycosides (PPGs), isolated from a herb used in Chinese folk medicine, towards the oxidizing hydroxyl radical adduct of poly G were studied with a pulse radiolytic technique. On pulse irradiation of a nitrous oxide saturated 4 mM aqueous solution of poly G containing one of the tested compounds, the transient absorption spectrum of the hydroxyl radical adduct of poly G decays with the formation of that of the phenoxyl radical of the tested compound within several tens microseconds after the electron pulse irradiation. The results indicated that there was a repair reaction between the hydroxyl radical adduct of poly G and the compounds tested. The rate constants for the repair reactions of poly G hydroxyl radical adducts by verbasicoside and cistanoside C were determined to be 1.4 and 1.0 x 10(9) M(-1) x s(-1), respectively.

Theoretical study of fast repair of DNA damage by cistanoside C and analogs: mechanism and docking.

Experiments show that the natural substances phenylpropanoid glycosides (PPGs) extracted from pelicularis spicata are capable of repairing DNA damaged by oxygen radicals. Based on kinetic measurements and experiments on tumor cells, a theoretical study of the interaction between PPG molecules and isolated DNA bases, as well as a DNA fragment has been performed. An interaction mechanism reported early has been refined. The docking calculations performed using junction minimization of nucleic acids (JUMNA) software showed that the PPG molecules can be docked into the minor groove of DNA and form complexes with the geometry suitable for an electron transfer between guanine radical and the ligand. Such complexes can be formed without major distortions of DNA structure and are further stabilized by the interaction with the rhamnosyl side-groups.

Effects of ascorbic acid and sodium selenite on growth and redifferentiation in human hepatoma cells and its mechanisms.

After being treated with ascorbic acid (AA) 3 mM + sodium selenite (SS) 1.5 microM, the growth rate and mitotic index of human hepatoma cells BEL-7402 decreased remarkably. The indexes related to cell malignancy were improved, such as cell surface charge obviously decreased, the electrophoresis rate fell from 1.76 microns.s-1.V-1.cm-1 to 0.93, the average of alpha-fetoprotein (alpha-FP) content decreased from 341 micrograms.g-1 protein to 92, and gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase (gamma-GT) activity from 0.76 U.g-1 protein to 0.19. The indexes related to cell differentiation were affected favourably, such as the level of tyrosine-alpha-ketoglutarate transaminase (TAT) activity increased from 14.2 mumol.g-1 protein to 49.0, and the colonogenic potential decreased 95.3%. These results indicated that hepatoma cells had been successfully induced to redifferentiation by AA + SS. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) were significantly higher, while the activity of catalase (CAT) was slower in the treated group than in the control group. The malondialdehyde (MDA) content decreased slightly, reduced glutathione (GSH) decreased sharply, and H2O2 content increased dramatically. In conclusion, these results indicate that the combination of ascorbic acid and sodium selenite may induce the redifferentiation of hepatoma cells and inhibit cell growth by virtue of enhancing the activities of antioxidative enzymes and reducing the formation of H2O2, and altering the cell redox status. The combination of ascorbic acid and sodium selenite may be a potent anticancer treatment option for human hepatoma cells.

Ascorbic acid induces redifferentiation and growth inhibition in human hepatoma cells by increasing endogenous hydrogen peroxide.

The mechanisms of redifferentiation and growth inhibition induced in human hepatoma cells by ascorbic acid (AA) were studied. After treatment with AA, the content of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, while the activity of catalase (CAT) decreased in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Using 6 mM AA as a positive control, after treatment by 50 microM hydrogen peroxide, the malignant characteristics of human hepatoma cells were alleviated; for example as cell surface charge markedly decreased, the electrophoresis rate dropped from 1.68 microns.s-1.V-1.cm-1 to 0.97, the average of alpha-fetoprotein content decreased from 327 micrograms.g-1 protein to 193, and gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase activity fell from 0.84 U.g-1 protein to 0.30. The indexes related to cell differentiation were promoted, such as tyrosine-alpha-ketoglutarate transaminase activity increased from 17.1 mumol.g-1 protein to 33.1, and the colonogenic potential decreased by 79.3%. SOD and 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (AT) exhibited some effects, but there were statistically significant differences between the SOD, AT and H2O2 or AA groups. AA induced growth inhibition and redifferentiation of human hepatoma cells through the production of hydrogen peroxide, since addition of SOD (200 units/ml), an enzyme that dismutates superoxide and generates hydrogen peroxide, and AT (1.5 mM), a CAT inhibitor that inhibits the activity of CAT and leads to an increase in H2O2 content, showed some inducing changes emphasizing the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in redifferentiation of hepatoma cells. AA can cause the content of H2O2 to increase, and the factor H2O2 showed a similar effect to AA on growth and redifferentiation suggests that H2O2 is involved in hepatoma cell redifferentiation. In conclusion, these results suggest that AA inhibits tumor growth and induces tumor redifferentiation by virtue of producing H2O2.

Docking study of cistanoside C to telomeric DNA fragment.

Experiments show that the natural products phenyl propanoid glycosides (PPGs) extracted from the plant Pedicularis spicata are capable of repairing DNA damaged by oxygen radicals. Based on kinetic measurements and experiments on tumor cells, a theoretical study of the interaction between PPG molecule Cistanoside C and telomeric DNA fragment has been carried out. The docking calculations performed using JUMNA software showed that the Cistanoside C could be docked into the minor groove of telomeric DNA and form complexes with the geometry suitable for an electron transfer between guanine radical and the ligand. Such complexes can be formed without major distortions of DNA structure and are further stabilized by the interaction with the saccharide side-groups.

Down-regulation of four arsenic antagonists on apoptosis and telomerase activity induced by arsenic trioxide in three myelocytic leukemia cell lines.

AIM: To investigate regulative effects of thiol reagents, N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) and natrii dimercaptosussinas (NDMS), catalase (CAT), and calcium chelator 2-[(2-bis-[carboxymethyl]-amino-5-methyl-phenoxy)-met]-6-methoxy-8-bis-[carboxy-methyl]-aminoquinoline (Quin 2) on apoptosis and telomerase activity induced by arsenic trioxide (As2O3) in three myelocytic leukemia cell lines. METHODS: Flow cytometry was used to examine apoptosis and a PCR ELISA kit was used to detect telomerase activity. RESULTS: As2O3 induced about 40 % - 60 % of apoptosis in NB4, K562, and HL-60 cells at the concentration of 0.6, 2.7, and 8.1 micromol/L respectively, as well as down-regulated telomerase activities in three cell lines. NAC 4 mmol/L, NDMS 200 micromol/L, CAT 80 kU/L, and Quin 2 20 micromol/L could down-regulate apoptosis variously induced by As2O3. NAC and CAT alone could decline telomerase activity in three cell lines and further decline telomerase activities that had been decreased by As2O3, whereas Quin 2 antagonized the decline in K562 and HL-60 cells. CONCLUSION: Thiol activity loss, free radical alteration, intracellular calcium changes, and decline of telomerase activity might be involved in As2O3-induced apoptosis. NAC, NDMS, CAT, and Quin 2 antagonized in some extent the effect of As2O3 on the three tested cell lines.

Effects of diethyldithiocarbamate on proliferation, redifferention, and apoptosis in human hepatoma cells.

AIM: To examine the effects of diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) on the proliferation, redifferentiation, and apoptosis in human hepatoma cells. METHODS: Cell surface charge, biochemical changes, cell growth in soft agar, single cell electrophoresis, electron microscopy examination, and flow cytometry analysis were measured. RESULTS: After being treated with DDC 3 mmol/L the growth curve and mitotic index of human hepatoma cells decreased remarkably, and the cellular growth inhibitory rate amounted to 52.4 %. The indices related with cell malignancy were alleviated significantly, such as the cell surface charge decreased significantly, the electrophoresis rate dropped from 1.6 to 0.8 micron . s-1 . V-1 . cm-1, the average value of alpha-fetoprotein (alpha-FP) content decrease d from 314 to 95 microg/g (protein), and gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase (gamma-GT) activity from 0.9 to 0.14 U/g (protein). The cell differentiation index increased significantly, such as the average levels of tyrosine-alpha-ketoglutarate transaminase (TAT) activity increased from 11.6 to 36 micromol/g (protein), and the colonogenic potential decreased by 95.6 %. The apoptotic bodies, detached cells, and apoptotic morphological features appeared, and the treated cells DNA was fragmented as observed by the comet assay. The flow cytometric results showed that a 42.9 % fractional DNA content existed in the treated cells. CONCLUSION: DDC can inhibit human hepatoma cells proliferation, and can induce redifferentiation as well as apoptosis.

Hydrogen peroxide induces apoptosis in human hepatoma cells and alters cell redox status.

Direct exposure of human hepatoma cell line SMMC-7721 to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) can induce apoptosis. Apoptosis induced by H2O2 was inhibited by cycloheximide, actinomycin D, 3-aminobenzamide, EGTA or Zn2+. H2O2 can increase the level of intracellular Ca2+, downregulate GSH levels, slightly induce lipid peroxidation, and lead to change in the ratio of reduced ion components to oxidized ion components of cells. Analysis of flow cytometry indicates that H2O2 decreases the level of Bcl-2. The data indicate that H2O2-induced apoptosis requires new mRNA and protein syntheses; H2O2 can activate Ca2+/Mg2+-dependent endonuclease leading to internucleosomal DNA fragmentation and activation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase interfering with the energy metabolism of the cell. The H2O2 downregulation of GSH may be more important for apoptosis than H2O2 induction of lipid peroxidation, and the H2O2 induced changes in redox status of the cell may be among the original events which lead up to other biochemical changes.

Alleviation of pre-exposure to low-dose 16O8+ ion on mouse testicular histological damage induced by subsequent high-dose irradiation.

The testes of the B6C3F1 hybrid strain mice were irradiated with 0.05 Gy of 16O8+ ion as the pre-exposure dose (D1), and were then irradiated with 2 Gy of 16O8+ ion as challenging radiation dose (D2) at 4 h after per-exposure. Testicular morphology was observed by light microscope at 35th day after radiation. The results showed that irradiation of mouse testes with 2 Gy of 16O8+ ion significantly impaired, mainly reduction of tubule diameter and decrease or loss of germ cells in various developing stages, especially spermatogenic elements. Pre-exposure to a low-dose (0.05 Gy) of 16O8+ ion significantly alleviated above mentioned damage on testicular morphology induced by subsequent a high-dose (2 Gy) radiation.

Effects of ascorbic acid and DL-alpha-tocopherol on human hepatoma cell proliferation and redifferentiation.

AIM: To examine the effects of ascorbic acid (AA) and DL-alpha-tocopherol (alpha T) on the proliferation and redifferentiation of human hepatoma cell. METHODS: Choosing an all-trans retinoic acid (RA) as a positive control, cell surface charge, biochemical changes, and cell growth in soft agar were measured. RESULTS: After treatment with AA 4 mmol.L-1 and alpha T 1 mmol.L-1 together, the growth curve and mitotic index of human hepatoma cells decreased remarkably, the cellular growth inhibitory rate amounted to 61.3%. The indices related to cell malignancy alleviated significantly; cell surface charge decreased, the electrophoresis rate dropped from 1.64 to 0.89 microns.s-1.V-1.cm-1, the average value of alpha-fetoprotein (alpha-FP) content decreased from 300 to 80 micrograms.g-1 (protein), and gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase (gamma-GT) activity decreased from 0.81 to 0.201 U.g-1(protein). The index related to cell differentiation increased significantly, such as the average level of tyrosine-alpha-ketoglutarate transaminase activity increased from 10.6 to 45 micrograms.g-1 (protein), and the colonogenic potential decreased by 96.6%. CONCLUSION: AA and alpha T combination inhibited human hepatoma cell proliferation, induced redifferentiation, and reversed its malignant phenotypic characteristics.

Retardation of skeletal muscle fatigue by the two phenylpropanoid glycosides: verbascoside and martynoside from Pedicularis plicata maxim.

The effects of the phenylpropanoid glycosides verbascoside and martynoside from Pedicularis plicata were investigated on muscle contractility in Bufo gastrocnemius muscle electrically stimulated in vitro. The maximum amplitude and maintained time of contraction were mechanically recorded and used as indices of muscle contractility. After 30 min pretreatment of the muscle, verbascoside at 20.0 microM resisted muscle fatigue significantly while martynoside at 80.0 microM improved muscle contractility only slightly. These two glycosides resisted muscle fatigue depending on their antioxidative activities, which is in agreement with the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in promoting fatigue in skeletal muscle.

Effects of ascorbic acid on human hepatoma cell proliferation and redifferentiation.

AIM: To examine the effects of ascorbic acid (AA) on hepatoma. METHODS: Choosing an all-trans tretinoin (Tre) as a positive control, cell growth, and cell redifferentiation tests by cell surface charges, biochemical changes, and cell growth in soft agar were measured. RESULTS: After being treated with AA 6 mmol.L-1, the growth curve and mitotic index of human hepatoma cells decreased remarkably, the cellular growth inhibitory rate amounted to 58.9%. The indices related with cell malignancy alleviated, such as cell surface charge obviously decreased, the electrophoresis rate dropped from 1.64 microns.s-1.V-1.cm-1 to 0.93, the average value of alpha-fetoprotein (alpha-FP) content decreased from 302 micrograms.g-1(protein) to 90, and gamma-glytamyl-transpeptidase (gamma-GT) activity from 0.81 U.g-1(protein) to 0.16. The index related with cell differentiation increased, such as the average level of tyrosine-alpha-ketoglutarate transminase activity increased from 10.3 micromol.g-1(protein) to 41.2, and the colonogenic potential decreased 94.4%. CONCLUSION: AA can inhibit human hepatoma cells proliferation, induce redifferentiation, and reverse its malignant phenotypic characteristics.

Effects of 16O+6 ion irradiation on human sperm spontaneous chemiluminescence, motility, acrosome reaction and viability in vitro.

Effects of 16O+6 ion irradiation with different doses on human sperm spontaneous chemiluminescence (SCL), motility, acrosome reaction (AR) and viability were examined. Spermatozoa were irradiated with 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, or 64 Gy 16O+6 ion beam at the energy of 3.17 MeV/u. After irradiation, samples were analyzed by SCL measurement at 1, 2 and 3 h of incubation; motility was determined by the transmembrane migration method within 2 h of incubation; the percentage of AR and viability was evaluated by the triple-stain technique at 3.5 h of incubation. The results showed: sperm SCL was significantly increased with irradiation doses and the lowest effective dose was 0.5 Gy; compared with controls, the transmembrane migration ratio of spermatozoa progressively elevated with irradiation doses at 0.5, 1, and 2 Gy; the percentage of sperm AR markedly increased in 0.5-4 Gy irradiation and the optimal dose was 2 Gy, and then significant decreased with further increase of irradiation doses; the viability had no significant change within 0.25-8 Gy, but was progressively decreased at 16, 32 and 64 Gy. These data suggested that heavy ion at low doses increased motility and AR, whereas had deleterious effects at higher doses, which are associated with free radical reactions induced by heavy ion irradiation.