Building bridges of excellence: a comprehensive competence framework for nurses in hospice and palliative care-a mixed method study.

BACKGROUND: Hospice and Palliative Care (HPC) is in high demand in China; however, the country is facing the shortage of qualified HPC nurses. A well-suited competence framework is needed to promote HPC human resource development. Nevertheless, existing unstandardized single-structured frameworks may not be sufficient to meet this need. This study aimed at constructing a comprehensive multi-structured HPC competence framework for nurses. METHODS: This study employed a mixed-method approach, including a systematic review and qualitative interview for HPC competence profile extraction, a two-round Delphi survey to determine the competences for the framework, and a cross-sectional study for framework structure exploration. The competence profiles were extracted from publications from academic databases and interviews recruiting nurses working in the HPC field. The research team synthesized profiles and transferred them to competences utilizing existing competence dictionaries. These synthesized competences were then subjected to Delphi expert panels to determine the framework elements. The study analyzed theoretical structure of the framework through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) based on a cross-sectional study receiving 491 valid questionnaires. RESULTS: The systematic review involved 30 publications from 10 countries between 1995 and 2021, while 13 nurses from three hospitals were interviewed. In total, 87 and 48 competence profiles were respectively extracted from systematic review and interview and later synthesized into 32 competences. After the Delphi survey, 25 competences were incorporated into the HPC competence framework for nurses. The EFA found a two-factor structure, with factor 1 comprising 18 competences namely Basic Competences; factor 2 concluding 7 competences namely Developmental Competences. CONCLUSIONS: The two-factor HPC competence framework provided valuable insights into the need and directions of Chinese HPC nurses' development.

Nurses' psychological changes and coping strategies during home isolation for the 2019 novel coronavirus in China: A qualitative study.

AIMS: To explore the psychological changes of nurses during home isolation, the factors that related with these changes, and coping strategies in home isolation during the epidemic of COVID-19 in China. DESIGN: A qualitative study based on grounded theory. METHODS: Individual semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted from January 2020-February 2020 with 10 nurses who were isolated at home sharing the experiences of the epidemic of COVID-19. All interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and analysed using constant comparative data analysis. RESULTS: Analyses of the collected data reveal that the psychological changes of nurses during home isolation reflect a complex, dynamic, and gradually adaptive process that was affected by many factors. Nurses had many negative emotional reactions in the early stages of isolation and positive emotions gradually increased during home isolation. After release from home isolation, they become more confident and calm after. Six categories of coping strategies were identified, including reasoned cognition; autosuggestion; develop healthy protective behaviours; shifting attention; social support; and the power of a role model. CONCLUSIONS: The study provides a better understanding of the psychological changes and the coping strategies used among nurses isolated at home. It is necessary to pay more attention to negative emotions in the early stages of home isolation to help nurses adjust quickly. The coping strategies used by nurses are likely to help those in home isolation reduce negative psychological changes and experience more optimal self-adjustment. IMPACT: This study explored the psychological changes and coping strategies of home isolation among nurses, providing useful advice for psychologists to develop psychological crisis interventions to help individuals reduce negative psychological and have more actively coping strategies when faced sudden stressful infectious diseases.

Complications and Costs of Peripherally Inserted Central Venous Catheters Compared With Implantable Port Catheters for Cancer Patients: A Meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) and implantable port catheters (IPCs) are 2 most common central venous access for cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. However, no specific evidence exists to guide practitioners on safety and less cost. OBJECTIVE: To compare the differences of complications and costs of PICC and IPC in the treatment of cancer patients with chemotherapy and to provide a basis for better clinical decision making. METHODS: All the cohort studies were searched in the Cochrane Library, JBI, PubMed, Elsevier, Web of Science, CINAHL, CBM, and CNKI from inception to July 2018. Two reviewers screened and selected trials, evaluated quality, and extracted data. Meta-analysis and description of the outcomes were performed by using the RevMan 5.3 software. RESULTS: A total of 761 articles were retrieved, with 15 articles meeting eligibility criteria. Outcome analysis showed no difference in 1-puncture success rate. Peripherally inserted central catheter use was associated with higher complication rates than IPC, including occlusion, infection, malposition, catheter-related thrombosis, extravasation, phlebitis, and accidental removal rate. The life span of IPC was longer than that of PICC, and the costs of IPC were lower. CONCLUSIONS: Implantable port catheter has advantages over PICC in reducing cancer patients' complications and less cost in terms of long-term cancer chemotherapy. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: In terms of safety, the results provide evidence for practitioners to choose which type of central venous catheters is better for cancer chemotherapy patients. In terms of costs, practitioners need to make decisions about which type of central venous catheters has less cost.