RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The long-term pulmonary function and related physiological characteristics of COVID-19 survivors have not been studied in depth, thus many aspects are not understood. METHODS: COVID-19 survivors were recruited for high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the thorax, lung function and serum levels of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody tests 3 months after discharge. The relationship between the clinical characteristics and the pulmonary function or CT scores were investigated. FINDINGS: Fifty-five recovered patients participated in this study. SARS-CoV-2 infection related symptoms were detected in 35 of them and different degrees of radiological abnormalities were detected in 39 patients. Urea nitrogen concentration at admission was associated with the presence of CT abnormalities (P = 0.046, OR 7.149, 95% CI 1.038 to 49.216). Lung function abnormalities were detected in 14 patients and the measurement of D-dimer levels at admission may be useful for prediction of impaired diffusion defect (P = 0.031, OR 1.066, 95% CI 1.006 to 1.129). Of all the subjects, 47 of 55 patients tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 IgG in serum, among which the generation of Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody in female patients was stronger than male patients in infection rehabilitation phase. INTERPRETATION: Radiological and physiological abnormalities were still found in a considerable proportion of COVID-19 survivors without critical cases 3 months after discharge. Higher level of D-dimer on admission could effectively predict impaired DLCO after 3 months discharge. It is necessary to follow up the COVID-19 patients to appropriately manage any persistent or emerging long-term sequelae. FUNDING: Key Scientific Research Projects of Henan Higher Education Institutions.
RESUMO
Though therapy that promotes anti-tumor response about CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) has shown great potential, clinical responses to CD8+ TILs immunotherapy vary considerably, largely because of different subpopulation of CD8+ TILs exhibiting different biological characters. To define the relationship between subpopulation of CD8+ TILs and the outcome of antitumor reaction, the phenotype and function of CD103+ CD8+ TILs in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) were investigated. CD103+ CD8+ TILs were presented in ESCC, which displayed phenotype of tissue-resident memory T cells and exhibited high expression of immune checkpoints (PD-1, TIM-3). CD103+ CD8+ TILs were positively associated with the overall survivals of ESCC patients. This population of cells elicited potent proliferation and cytotoxic cytokine secretion potential. In addition, CD103+ CD8+ TILs were elicited potent anti-tumor immunity after anti-PD-1 blockade and were not affected by chemotherapy. This study emphasized the feature of CD103+ CD8+ TILs in immune response and identified potentially new targets in ESCC patients.
Assuntos
Antígenos CD/metabolismo , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/imunologia , Neoplasias Esofágicas/imunologia , Neoplasias Esofágicas/metabolismo , Cadeias alfa de Integrinas/metabolismo , Linfócitos do Interstício Tumoral/imunologia , Receptor de Morte Celular Programada 1/antagonistas & inibidores , Microambiente Tumoral/imunologia , 4-Nitroquinolina-1-Óxido/toxicidade , Adulto , Idoso , Animais , Anticorpos Monoclonais/farmacologia , Antígenos CD/imunologia , Biomarcadores Tumorais , Carcinógenos/toxicidade , Estudos de Coortes , Neoplasias Esofágicas/induzido quimicamente , Neoplasias Esofágicas/patologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas do Esôfago/induzido quimicamente , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas do Esôfago/imunologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas do Esôfago/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas do Esôfago/patologia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Cadeias alfa de Integrinas/imunologia , Masculino , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Receptor de Morte Celular Programada 1/imunologia , Taxa de Sobrevida , Células Tumorais CultivadasRESUMO
TIGIT, an immune checkpoint molecule widely expressed on NK cells, activated T cells and Tregs, has been involved in delivering inhibitory signals through the interaction with PVR. The blockade of TIGIT/PVR interaction is a promising approach in cancer immunotherapy. Here, we unexpectedly discovered the expression of TIGIT in murine tumor cells. To elucidate the mechanism of such intrinsic expression, TIGIT knockout murine colorectal CT26 and MC38 cell lines were generated by using CRISPR/Cas9 system. Although TIGIT knockout showed no effects on proliferation and colony formation of tumor cells in vitro, the tumor growth in mice was considerably inhibited. TIGIT knockout led to the increase of IFN-γ secretion by NK and CD8+ T cells. Further, in BABL/c nude mice, CD8+ T cells depleting mice and NK cells depleting nude mice, the promotion of tumor growth was significantly diminished, suggesting that both NK cells and CD8+ T cells were involved in the tumor promoting process mediated by intrinsic TIGIT. In addition, blocking TIGIT/PVR interaction by the antibody or recombinant PVR protein could elicit anti-tumor effects by facilitating the tumor infiltration and restoring the function of CD8+ T cells, and the antibody-mediate TIGIT blockade could inhibit MC38 tumor growth through blocking TIGIT expressed on tumor cells. We therefore propose a novel TIGIT/PVR interaction mode that tumor intrinsic TIGIT delivers inhibitory signals to CD8+ T cells and NK cells by engaging with PVR.
Assuntos
Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/imunologia , Neoplasias Colorretais/imunologia , Células Matadoras Naturais/imunologia , Proteínas de Neoplasias/imunologia , Receptores Imunológicos/imunologia , Transdução de Sinais/imunologia , Animais , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/patologia , Neoplasias Colorretais/genética , Neoplasias Colorretais/patologia , Feminino , Técnicas de Inativação de Genes , Xenoenxertos , Humanos , Células Matadoras Naturais/patologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Nus , Proteínas de Neoplasias/genética , Transplante de Neoplasias , Receptores Imunológicos/genética , Transdução de Sinais/genéticaRESUMO
Blockade of the protein-protein interaction between the transmembrane protein programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1 has emerged as a promising immunotherapy for treating cancers. Using the technology of mirror-image phage display, we developed the first hydrolysis-resistant D-peptide antagonists to target the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway. The optimized compound (D) PPA-1 could bind PD-L1 at an affinity of 0.51 µM in vitro. A blockade assay at the cellular level and tumor-bearing mice experiments indicated that (D) PPA-1 could also effectively disrupt the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction in vivo. Thus D-peptide antagonists may provide novel low-molecular-weight drug candidates for cancer immunotherapy.