Responsive regularity of neurons in the hindlimb region of primary somatosensory cortex to different temperature thermal needle stimulation of "Zusanli"(ST36) in mice. / å°é¼ åˆçº§ä½“æ„Ÿçš®å±‚åŽè‚¢åŒºç¥žç»å ƒå¯¹"足三里"不同温度热刺激的响应规律.

OBJECTIVES: To study the regularity of central response to thermal needle stimulation of "Zusanli" (ST36) at different temperature, and to analyze the temperature difference of central responses. METHODS: Six male C57BL/6j adult mice were used in the present study. For observing activities of neurons in the hindlimb region of left primary somatosensory cortex (S1HL, A/P=0.46 mm, M/L=1.32 mm, D/V=-0.14 mm) by using a fast high-resolution miniature two-photon microscopy (FHIRM-TPM), the mice were anesthetized with 3% isoflurane (inhalation), with its head fixed in a stereotaxic apparatus, then, adeno-associated virus (AAV-hSyn-GCaMP6f-WPRE-hGHpA, for showing intracellular calcium transients in neurons transfected) was injected into the left S1HL region using a micro-syringe after scalp surgical operation. The mice's right ST36 were stimulated using internal thermal needles with the temperature being 43 ℃, or 45 ℃, or 47 ℃, separately. Image J software and MATLAB 2020b software were used to process the image data of neuronal calcium activity (Ca2+ signaling) in the left S1HL region, including the instant maximum calcium peak value (ΔF/F) in 2 s, instant calcium spike frequency in 2 s, short-term calcium peak value (ΔF/F) in 3.5 min, short-term calcium spike frequency in 3.5 min, calcium peak duration in 3.5 min, maximum calcium peak value (ΔF/F) at the 1st , 2nd and 3rd min, and calcium spike frequency at the 1st, 2nd and 3rd min after thermal needle stimulation. RESULTS: In comparison with the normal temperature needle stimulation, the instant intracellular maximum calcium peak value, instant calcium spike frequency, short-term maximum calcium peak value, short-term calcium spike frequency, and calcium peak duration of S1HL neurons in response to 43 ℃, 45 ℃ and 47 ℃ internal thermal needle stimulation of ST36 were significantly increased (P<0.001, P<0.01). Comparison among the 43 ℃, 45 ℃ and 47 ℃ thermal needle stimulation showed that the 45 ℃ thermal needle stimulation was obviously superior to 43 ℃ and 47 ℃ thermal needle stimulation in increasing instant calcium spike frequency, short-term calcium spike frequency and calcium peak duration of S1HL neurons (P<0.001, P<0.01). The 47 ℃ thermal needle stimulation was stronger than 43 ℃ and 45 ℃ thermal needle stimulation in increasing the instant maximum calcium peak value (P<0.001). The maximum calcium peak value was apparently higher (P<0.001) at the 2nd min than that at the 1st and 3rd min after 43 ℃, 45 ℃ and 47 ℃ thermal needle stimulation. No significant differences were found in the short-term maximum calcium peak value among the 3 thermal needle stimulation and in the calcium spike frequency among the 3 time points after 43 ℃, 45 ℃ and 47 ℃ thermal needle stimulation. CONCLUSIONS: S1HL neurons respond to all 43 ℃, 45 ℃ and 47 ℃ thermal needle stimulation of ST36 in mice, while more actively to 45 ℃ thermal needle stimulation.

Understanding acupuncture anesthesia from a foreign perspective： reviewing Acupuncture Anesthesia in the People's Republic of China. / 异域视角下对针刺麻醉的理解：以《针刺麻醉在中国》为例.

"Acupuncture Anesthesia in the People's Republic of China： A Trip Report of the American Acupuncture Anesthesia Study Group" (Report for short) is the first extraterritorial systematic investigation and evaluation report in the history of acupuncture anesthesia in China. After Report was released to the public, it has not drawn much attention in China. At the moment when acupuncture anesthesia is extended to perioperative treatment, by reviewing the Report, the differences in understanding acupuncture anesthesia were analyzed from a foreign perspective. Report involves the clinical observation of surgery under acupuncture anesthesia, the analysis on the factors of acupuncture anesthesia in therapeutic effects and the relevant mechanisms, and the differences in the research methods and foci on the recognition of acupuncture anesthesia between China and foreign countries. In association with the development of acupuncture anesthesia during the past 65 years and the conclusion in Report, the paper briefly describes the development and perfection of acupuncture anesthesia, the historical verification to the conclusions in Report and the limitations in modern acupuncture anesthesia. It provides some inspiration for the development of acupuncture anesthesia, acupuncture-moxibustion medicine and life science in the future.