Neuro-inspired optical sensor array for high-accuracy static image recognition and dynamic trace extraction.

Neuro-inspired vision systems hold great promise to address the growing demands of mass data processing for edge computing, a distributed framework that brings computation and data storage closer to the sources of data. In addition to the capability of static image sensing and processing, the hardware implementation of a neuro-inspired vision system also requires the fulfilment of detecting and recognizing moving targets. Here, we demonstrated a neuro-inspired optical sensor based on two-dimensional NbS2/MoS2 hybrid films, which featured remarkable photo-induced conductance plasticity and low electrical energy consumption. A neuro-inspired optical sensor array with 10 × 10 NbS2/MoS2 phototransistors enabled highly integrated functions of sensing, memory, and contrast enhancement capabilities for static images, which benefits convolutional neural network (CNN) with a high image recognition accuracy. More importantly, in-sensor trajectory registration of moving light spots was experimentally implemented such that the post-processing could yield a high restoration accuracy. Our neuro-inspired optical sensor array could provide a fascinating platform for the implementation of high-performance artificial vision systems.

Two-dimensional semiconducting SnP2Se6 with giant second-harmonic-generation for monolithic on-chip electronic-photonic integration.

Two-dimensional (2D) layered semiconductors with nonlinear optical (NLO) properties hold great promise to address the growing demand of multifunction integration in electronic-photonic integrated circuits (EPICs). However, electronic-photonic co-design with 2D NLO semiconductors for on-chip telecommunication is limited by their essential shortcomings in terms of unsatisfactory optoelectronic properties, odd-even layer-dependent NLO activity and low NLO susceptibility in telecom band. Here we report the synthesis of 2D SnP2Se6, a van der Waals NLO semiconductor exhibiting strong odd-even layer-independent second harmonic generation (SHG) activity at 1550 nm and pronounced photosensitivity under visible light. The combination of 2D SnP2Se6 with a SiN photonic platform enables the chip-level multifunction integration for EPICs. The hybrid device not only features efficient on-chip SHG process for optical modulation, but also allows the telecom-band photodetection relying on the upconversion of wavelength from 1560 to 780 nm. Our finding offers alternative opportunities for the collaborative design of EPICs.

Switching from Oxygen Quenching Resistance to Linear Response by Smart Luminescent Iridium(III)-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks.

In this study, we utilize a photo-active Ir-metalloligand, Ir(C^N)2(L) (C^N = 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl) pyridine, L = [2,2'-bipyridine]-5,5'-dicarboxylic acid), to assemble with CdX2 under hydrothermal conditions, yielding highly emissive crystals of two-dimensional metal-organic frameworks (2D MOFs) (named Ir-Cd2X2, X = Cl, Br). The Ir-Cd2X2 MOFs exhibit µs-level phosphorescence lifetimes and more than 55% quantum yield (QY) at room temperature because of the rigid framework connected by Cd2X2 clusters. By immersing Ir-Cd2X2 in water solution for 5 min, a new MOF (Ir-Cd) was obtained, which is given a structure with hydrolyzed Cd-nodes by complete removal of halogen bridges as elucidated by single-crystal diffraction. Although the phosphorescence emission of pristine CdX2 MOFs exhibits oxygen quenching resistance, the converted Ir-Cd MOF possesses sensitively oxygen-responsive 3MLCT properties, showing a KSV value as high as 14.5 with strictly linear relation (R2 = 0.995). This work differs from the traditional method for improving oxygen-sensing metrics by enhancing QY and phosphorescence lifetime in Ir complexes, while also demonstrating that the transformation in the surrounding coordination environment on adjacent metal centers can also constitute key factors for improved photoluminescence stability or responsive properties in Ir-based heteronuclear MOFs, providing clues for the development of either oxygen quenching blockers or sensors suitable for different occasions.

2D Indium Phosphorus Sulfide (In2 P3 S9 ): An Emerging van der Waals High-k Dielectrics.

2D van der Waals (vdW) semiconductors hold great potentials for more-than-Moore field-effect transistors (FETs), and the efficient utilization of their theoretical performance requires compatible high-k dielectrics to guarantee the high gate coupling efficiency. The deposition of traditional high-k dielectric oxide films on 2D materials usually generates interface concerns, thereby causing the carrier scattering and degeneration of device performance. Here, utilizing a space-confined epitaxy growth approach, the authors successfully obtained air-stable ultrathin indium phosphorus sulfide (In2 P3 S9 ) nanosheets, the thickness of which can be scaled down to monolayer limit (≈0.69 nm) due to its layered structure. 2D In2 P3 S9 exhibits excellent insulating properties, with a high dielectric constant (≈24) and large breakdown voltage (≈8.1 MV cm-1 ) at room temperature. Serving as gate insulator, ultrathin In2 P3 S9 nanosheet can be integrated into MoS2 FETs with high-quality dielectric/semiconductor interface, thus providing a competitive electrical performance of device with subthreshold swings (SS) down to 88 mV dec-1 and a high ON/OFF ratio of 105 . This study proves an important strategy to prepare 2D vdW high-k dielectrics, and greatly facilitates the ongoing research of 2D materials for functional electronics.

2D-1D mixed-dimensional heterostructures: progress, device applications and perspectives.

Two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted broad interests and been extensively exploited for a variety of functional applications. Moreover, one-dimensional (1D) atomic crystals can also be integrated into 2D templates to create mixed-dimensional heterostructures, and the versatility of combinations provides 2D-1D heterostructures plenty of intriguing physical properties, making them promising candidate to construct novel electronic and optoelectronic nanodevices. In this review, we first briefly present an introduction of relevant fabrication methods and structural configurations for 2D-1D heterostructures integration. We then discuss the emerged intriguing physics, including high optical absorption, efficient carrier separation, fast charge transfer and plasmon-exciton interconversion. Their potential applications such as electronic/optoelectronic devices, photonic devices, spintronic devices and gas sensors, are also discussed. Finally, we provide a brief perspective for the future opportunities and challenges in this emerging field.

Multi-Mode Color-Tunable Long Persistent Luminescence in Single-Component Coordination Polymers.

Materials with tunable long persistent luminescence (LPL) properties have wide applications in security signs, anti-counterfeiting, data encrypting, and other fields. However, the majority of reported tunable LPL materials are pure organic molecules or polymers. Herein, a series of metal-organic coordination polymers displaying color-tunable LPL were synthesized by the self-assembly of HTzPTpy ligand with different cadmium halides (X=Cl, Br, and I). In the solid state, their LPL emission colors can be tuned by the time-evolution, as well as excitation and temperature variation, realizing multi-mode dynamic color tuning from green to yellow or green to red, and are the first such examples in single-component coordination polymer materials. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and theoretical calculations reveal that the modification of LPL is due to the balanced action from single molecule and aggregate triplet excited states caused by an external heavy-atom effect. The results show that the rational introduction of different halide anions into coordination polymers can realize multi-color LPL.

Enhanced Long Persistent Luminescence by Multifold Interpenetration in Metal-Organic Frameworks.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with long persistent luminescence (LPL) have attracted widespread attention due to potential applications in displays, anticounterfeiting, and so on. However, MOFs often have large pore size, which restricts the formation of efficient inter- and intramolecular interactions to realize LPL. Herein, a new approach to achieving LPL in MOFs by multifold interpenetration of discrete frameworks is reported. By comparison between threefold- and twofold-interpenetrating MOFs, it was found that the former, which have higher multiplicity and denser frameworks, can be endowed with enhanced inter- and intramolecular interactions, and thus enhanced LPL is obtained. Meanwhile, metal-cluster and heavy-halogen effects could also cause variations in LPL duration and color.

White-Light Emission from Dual-Way Photon Energy Conversion in a Dye-Encapsulated Metal-Organic Framework.

The design of white-light phosphors is attractive in solid-state lighting (SSL) and related fields. A new strategy in obtaining white light emission (WLE) from dual-way photon energy conversion in a series of dye@MOF (LIFM-WZ-6) systems is presented. Besides the traditional UV-excited one-photon absorption (OPA) pathway, white-light modulation can also be gained from the combination of NIR-excited green and red emissions of MOF backbone and encapsulated dyes via two-photon absorption (TPA) pathway. As a result, down-conversion OPA white light was obtained for RhB+ @LIFM-WZ-6 (0.1 wt %), BR-2+ @LIFM-WZ-6 (2 wt %), and APFG+ @LIFM-WZ-6 (0.1 wt %) samples under 365 nm excitation. RhB+ @LIFM-WZ-6 (0.05 wt %), BR-2+ @LIFM-WZ-6 (1 wt %) and APFG+ @LIFM-WZ-6 (0.05 wt %) exhibit up-conversion TPA white light under the excitation of 800, 790, and 730 nm, respectively. This new WLE generation strategy combines different photon energy conversion mechanisms together.

A Metal-Organic Supramolecular Box as a Universal Reservoir of UV, WL, and NIR Light for Long-Persistent Luminescence.

Long persistent luminescence (LPL) materials have a unique photophysical mechanism to store light radiation energy for subsequent release. However, in comparison to the common UV source, white-light (WL) and near-infrared (NIR) excited LPL is scarce. Herein we report a metal-organic supramolecular box based on a D-π-A-type ligand. Owing to the integrated one-photon absorption (OPA) and two-photon absorption (TPA) attributes of the ligand, the heavy-atom effect of the metal center, as well as π-stacking and J-aggregation states in the supramolecular assembly, LPL can be triggered by all wavebands from the UV to the NIR region. This novel designed supramolecular kit to afford LPL by both OPA and TPA pathways provides potential applications in anti-counterfeiting, camouflaging, decorating, and displaying, among others.

Design and Enantioresolution of Homochiral Fe(II)-Pd(II) Coordination Cages from Stereolabile Metalloligands: Stereochemical Stability and Enantioselective Separation.

The stereochemistry of chiral-at-metal complexes is much more abundant, albeit complicated, than chiral-at-carbon compounds, but how to make use of stereolabile metal-centers remains a formidable challenge due to the highly versatile coordination geometry of metal ions and racemization/epimerization problem. We demonstrate herein a stepwise assembly of configurationally stable [Pd6(FeL3)8]28+ (Δ/Λ-MOCs-42) homochiral octahedral cages from unstable D3-symmetry tris-chelate-Fe type metalloligands via strong face-directed stereochemical coupling and facile chiral-induced resolution processes based on stereodifferentiating host-guest dynamics. Kinetic studies reveal that the dissociation rate of MOC-42 cages is 100-fold slower than that of Fe-metalloligands and the racemization is effectively inhibited, making the cages retain their chirality over extended periods of time (>5 months) at room temperature. Recyclable enantioseparation of atropisomeric compounds has been successfully achieved, giving up to 88% ee.

Photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CO and formate by a novel Co(ii) catalyst containing a cis-oxygen atom: photocatalysis and DFT calculations.

The conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) to fuels or value-added chemicals by a photocatalytic system has recently been of growing research interest. One of the challenges is the development of new catalysts with high activity and low cost. Cobalt complexes have long been used as catalysts for the reduction of CO2 in either electrochemical or photochemical systems. Recently, a series of cis-CoII complexes of tetradentate pyridine-amine ligands (N4-ligands) exhibited high activity in the reduction of CO2 in homogeneous photocatalytic systems. However, only CO was obtained as the reduction product. In this regard, herein, we report a novel cis-CoII complex C1 supported by an N4 ligand derivatized with TPA (TPA = tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine). In contrast to the aforementioned CoII catalysts, which contain two halogen atoms at cis-positions, C1 contains one oxygen atom at one cis-coordination site. The structure of C1 was fully characterized by MS, elemental analysis, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Experiments on the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 revealed that C1 is able to convert CO2 to not only CO but also formate in a homogeneous system containing C1 as a catalyst, Ir(ppy)3 as a photosensitizer, and triethylamine as an electron donor under visible-light irradiation. The catalytic activity and distribution of reduction products of this system are highly affected by the solvent environment. The presence of water in this system enhances the efficiency of 2H+-to-H2 and CO2-to-formate conversions. Electrochemical and steady-state emission quenching experiments indicate that photoinduced electron transfer from excited Ir(ppy)3 to C1 is thermodynamically feasible. A photogenerated CoI species is suggested to be the active species involved in the reduction of CO2 and protons. DFT calculations were performed to elucidate the catalytic pathways of the formation of CO, formate, and H2 in this system; four pathways, namely, one for the formation of CO, one for the formation of hydrogen, and two for the formation of formate, were suggested. The results revealed that the oxygen atom at the cis-coordination site in C1 plays an important role in stabilizing the transition state during the transformation of CO2 at the cobalt center.

Anomalous thermally-activated NIR emission of ESIPT modulated Nd-complexes for optical fiber sensing devices.

Highly sensitized NIR emission was modulated using an ESIPT ligand in a Nd-complex, to achieve a substantially elongated NIR lifetime in cyclohexane suspension with a value of 16.89 µs at RT, and anomalous themally-activated NIR emission with the temperature increasing from 77 to 300 K for the first time, which was further designed into a remote and in situ optical fiber sensing device.