Association between remnant cholesterol and the risk of cardiovascular disease in Chinese population.

OBJECTIVES: Previous genetic, observational, and clinical intervention studies reported that circulating levels of remnant cholesterol was associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, whether remnant cholesterol can predict CVD events in Chinese population was not well characterized. STUDY DESIGN: This was a prospective cohort study. METHODS: We used the data of 9456 Chinese adults aged ≥45 years from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Estimated remnant cholesterol was calculated as total cholesterol minus high-density lipoprotein cholesterol minus low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Cox proportional hazard models and restricted cubic spline models were used to assess the relationships between remnant cholesterol levels and CVD, stroke and cardiac events. RESULTS: During 7 years of follow-up, a total of 886 (9.37 %) respondents experienced CVD, 392 (4.15 %) experienced stroke and 544 (5.75 %) experienced cardiac events. In multivariable-adjusted analyses, the adjusted hazard ratios (95 % confidence interval) for the highest versus lowest quartile of remnant cholesterol were 1.14 (1.02-1.32) for CVD and 1.43 (1.12-1.82) for stroke, and each 1-SD increase of log-transformed remnant cholesterol (2.93 mg/dl) was associated with 5 % and 11 % increased risk of the CVD and stroke, respectively. Remnant cholesterol was not associated with increased risk of cardiac events. CONCLUSION: Elevated remnant cholesterol levels were positively associated with CVD and stroke in Chinese adult population, suggesting that remnant cholesterol could be considered as a preferential predictor and treatment target of CVD in Chinese population.

Association between dietary knowledge and overweight/obesity in Chinese children and adolescents aged 8-18 years: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: A lack of adequate dietary knowledge may result in poor health. The purpose of this study was to study the association between dietary knowledge and overweight/obesity in children and adolescents.  METHOD: Data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) 2004, 2006, 2009, 2011, and 2015 were used in this cross-sectional study. The dietary knowledge of children and adolescents was evaluated by the questionnaire in the database. The overweight and obesity status was evaluated by body mass index (BMI). Cluster analysis was performed to establish different groups based on dietary knowledge level. Logistic regression analysis and subgroup analysis were conducted. RESULTS: A total of 2,701 children and adolescents were finally selected. Cluster A (n = 837, 30.99%), Cluster B (n = 1,264, 46.80%) and Cluster C (n = 600, 22.21%) were high, medium and low dietary knowledge level, respectively. Participants with high dietary knowledge levels [OR = 0.56 (95%CI: 1.40-0.78)] may be negatively associated with overweight and obesity. Similar results were found among adolescents, males, females, people living in eastern and northeastern China, and rural areas, after adjusting for age, gender, geographic region, maternal education level, alcohol consumption, waist-to-hip ratio, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure. CONCLUSION: Improving the dietary knowledge level of children and adolescents was associated with decreased risk of overweight and obesity. Our study provided a theoretical basis for the relationship between dietary knowledge and overweight/obesity in Chinese children and adolescents and suggested strengthening the publicity and popularization of dietary knowledge in schools and communities.