Iron-filled multi-walled carbon nanotubes for terahertz applications: effects of interfacial polarization, screening and anisotropy.

Interface interactions in multicomponent nanoparticles can affect electromagnetic properties of an absorbing system. In this work, we investigate the electromagnetic response of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) filled with iron-containing nanoparticles (ICNs) in the terahertz frequency range. MWCNTs with different iron content have been synthesized by aerosol-assisted catalytic chemical vapour deposition method from toluene containing a certain quantity of ferrocene used as a catalyst. According to the x-ray diffraction analysis, encapsulated ICNs were mainly in the form of iron carbide. Thin composite films were prepared from the iron-filled MWCNTs and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) by casting and stretching methods. The composites showed an enhanced permittivity and anisotropy in the transmittance spectra when iron content increased. This behaviour was related to the mechanism based on electrical conductivity and polarization of ICNs and ICN/MWCNT interfaces. Since terahertz field penetrates inside MWCNTs, the filling of their cavities can be a way of varying the electromagnetic properties of MWCNT-containing composites.

[Abdominal trauma with injuries of the major vessels]. / Travma zhivota s povrezhdeniem magistral'nykh sosudov.

Treatment results in 87 patients (mean age 30.1 years) with traumatic injuries of major abdominal vessels were analyzed. 73 patients had stab-incised wounds, 9--blunt trauma, 5--gunshot wounds. Hemodynamics of the majority of hospitalized patients (66 from 87) was unstable. Inferior cava vein injury was revealed in 29 patients, aorta injury--in 21, iliac vessels injury--in 22, visceral vessels injury--in 15. One vascular wall was injured in 58 cases, two walls--in 27 cases, complete transection or separation of vessel was revealed in 6 cases. Major vessel injuries were associated with abdominal visceral trauma in 97% cases. Vascular operations (side suture--in 49 patients, circular suture--in 11, vein ligation--in 5, prosthesis--in 3) were performed in 17 (25%) patients by general surgeons, in the rest (75%)--by vascular surgeons. General mortality (including hospitalized but non-operated patients, and patients who died during the operation and in postoperative period) was 46%. It is necessary to teach vascular surgery to general surgeons for high-quality and timely care in patients with abdominal trauma complicated by major vessels injuries.

[Resolved and unresolved problems of liver surgery]. / Reshennye i nereshennye voprosy khirurgii pecheni.

Present-day status liver surgery is reviewed. The unsolved problems in surgical treatment of patients with focal lesions of the liver are listed. There is a deficit of modern diagnostical equipment, especially in rural regions of the country. There is a need for special training of specialists for liver surgery and a network of the regional centers for liver and biliary surgery, wider indications for liver resection.

[Study of the effectiveness of the infusion-transfusion support of extensive and maximal resections of the liver]. / Issledovanie éffektivnosti infuzionno-transfuzionnogo obespecheniia bol'shikh i predel'no bol'shikh rezektsii pecheni.

Under study was the therapeutic effect of the infusion-transfusion maintenance of great and utmost great resections of the liver (154 operations) based on hemodilution and hydration with infusion-forced diuresis. The use of an original infusion-transfusion therapy proved to be the most important factor for safety of liver resection, for less amount of postoperative complications and lethality (up to 7.4%), gave a stable course of the postoperative period.

[Determination of surgical and anesthesiologic risks in extensive and very extensive hepatectomies]. / Opredelenie operatsionno-anesteziologicheskogo riska pri bo'lshikh i prede'lno bo'lshikh rezektsiiakh pecheni.

A method of evaluation of the operation-anesthesia risk in great and extremely great resections of the liver with special reference to specific features of the concrete operation is described. The method makes it possible to objectively compare the effectiveness of the therapy and work of anesthesiological, resuscitation and surgical departments.

[Intraoperative reserving of large volumes of autologous blood in surgery of the liver]. / Intraoperatsionnoe rezervirovanie bol'shikh ob'emov autologichnoi krovi pri khirurgicheskikh vmeshatel'stvakh na pecheni.

The authors have developed a method of autohemotransfusion under conditions of hemodilution with stabilized reserved blood by the sorbent method which allows preparation of great (up to 50% of VCB) volumes of autoblood with preserving reserves of circulating erythrocytes at the expense of transfusion of suspension of cryopreserved erythrocytes during exfusion of blood. The use of special nomograms for prognosis of hematocrit changes in exfusion of blood and transfusion of the erythrosuspension is described and for quick orientation in intensity of diuresis. The method of autohemotransfusion was used in 11 surgical interventions on the liver.

[Transhepatic drainage in focal liver diseases complicated by mechanical jaundice]. / Transpechenochnoe drenirovanie pri ochagovykh zabolevaniiakh pecheni, oslozhnennykh mekhanicheskoi zheltukhoi.

Results of using transhepatic drains in 43 patients with focal alterations of the liver complicated by a mechanical jaundice are described (55 operations). Transhepatic drains allowed widening the degree of surgical interventions in this group of patients. Risk of the operative interventions and lethality among these critical patients which were earlier thought to be inoperable became lower due to stage operations using the transhepatic drains.

[Optimal anion composition of the perfusate for preservation of the liver]. / Optimal'nyi anionnyi sostav perfuzata dlia konservatsii pecheni.

The search for optimal concentrations of fumarate, malate, acetate, lactate, asparginate and sulphate in the perfusate was performed in 187 experiments with 2 h perfusion of the isolated rabbit liver at different temperature regimens of conservation. Nonlinear relation between the optimal anion composition of the perfusate and temperature of the liver conservation was found. The critical point in changes of the optimal concentrations of anions in the perfusate was shown to be 10-12 degrees C.

[Surgical treatment of hemangiomas of the liver]. / Khirurgiia gemangiom pecheni.

An experience with 18 resections of the liver for hemangiomas is presented. Hemangioma of the liver is thought to be an indication for radical operation (resection of the organ). A removal of a hemangioma weighing 5500 g is described. Recommendations are given for the prevention of complications.

[Optimal cationic composition of perfusates in relation to temperature during preservation of the liver]. / Optimizatsiia kationnogo perfuzata v zavisimosti ot temperaturnogo rezhima konservatsii pecheni.

Search for the optimal concentrations of potassium, sodium, magnesium, calcium and H+ under different temperature conditions of preservation was performed in 193 experiments with the 2 h perfusion of the isolated rabbit liver. A nonlinear relation was established between the optimal cationic content of the perfusate and the liver preservation temperature. The sharpest changes to the optimal concentration of cations in the perfusate were found to start when the liver preservation temperature had dropped lower than 10-12 degrees C.