Poultry farming and farmers perception towards the farming condition during COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is threating global public health and has declared as a pandemic crisis around the world. An attempt was made to ascertain the effect of COVID-19 on practices in poultry farming (PPF), problem faced for poultry farming (PFPF) and poultry farmer's perception on COVID-19. A questionnaire based cross-sectional study was conducted among 397 poultry farmers during the period of October to December 2020 in selected area of Bangladesh. The PPF score at just prior and during of the COVID-19 was 7.11 ± 3.25 and 6.53 ± 3.12 having significant difference (p < 0.01). But, the training on poultry farming can improve the PPF score at just prior (7.57 ± 3.20) and during (6.91 ± 3.13) of the COVID-19. Additionally, the mean PFPF score was found of 10.67 ± 6.15. In logistic regression analysis, the farmers of ≥18-29 years aged and had no training were 0.42 (95% CI:0.20-0.88; p < 0.01) and 0.58 (95% CI:0.35-0.98; p < 0.05) times respectively less likely to have satisfactory score on PPF. Similarly, the farmers of ≥18 to 29 and ≥ 40-49 years aged were 2.52 (95% CI:1.36-4.69; p < 0.01) and 2.08 (95% CI:1.12-3.87; p < 0.05) times respectively more likely to have considerable score on PFPF than the farmers of other age group. Interestingly, the internet users had 2.51 (95% CI:0.95-6.57; p < 0.05) times higher to have more satisfactory PPF score (≥60%). Moreover, the farmers of ≥18-29 years aged, masters level education and had training, significantly (p < 0.01) thought the COVID-19 is more dangerous indicated by the higher median (median = 8). In conclusion, the PPF and PFPF score was significantly varied by demographical characteristics of farmers. Therefore, the farmers had the concept about COVID-19 and more than 75% of them believe that COVID-19 doesn't transmit from poultry.

Functional Profiling and Future Research Direction of Rice Bran Oil in Bangladesh.

Rice bran oil (RBO) has been demonstrated to affect complex malfunctioned conditions such as oxidative stress, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, hypertension, inflammation, abnormal cell growth (cancer), ulceration, immune and cognitive modulation. This unique effect of RBO is due to the presence of well-balanced fatty acid composition and several bioactive compounds, γ- oryzanol (cycloartenyl ferulate, 24-methylenecycloartanyl ferulate, campesterol ferulate, and ß-sitosteryl ferulate), vitamin E (tocopherol and tocotrienol), phytosterols (ß-sitosterol, campesterol and stigmasterol) and other nutrients. The RBO composition of bioactive compounds varied geographically, thus the clear-cut mechanisms of action on complex disease cascades are still required. This review article summarized the RBO compositional profiling and compared it with other edible oils. This article also summarized Bangladesh RBO profiling and their proposed mechanism of action as well as the first line of defense in the prevention, management, and control of complex disease conditions. This review indicates how Bangladesh RBO increase their opportunity to be functional food for 21st century's ailment.

Molecular diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis in bovine and human samples: implications for zoonosis.

AIM: To develop emerging diagnostic technique for bovine tuberculosis and to identify its potential risk factors. MATERIALS & METHODS: Bacterial genomic DNA was isolated from bovine milk and human sputum samples and subjected to PCR using specific primer pairs. PCR results were validated using bacteriological cultures. RESULTS: PCR amplification of the targeted DNA fragment of Mycobacterium bovis was successful in 12.33% (37/300) of the bovine samples. Interestingly, 500-bp DNA fragment was also amplified in 6.67% (6/90) of the sputum indicating the possibility of zoonotic transmission. Rearing of livestock in household, unpasteurized milk consumption and smoking were identified as potential risk factors. CONCLUSION: Results of the study may add value to bovine tuberculosis eradication campaigns to achieve the One Health initiative.