[The cases of teratology in Mallophaga of South Africa]. / Przypadki teratologii wsród wszolów (Mallophaga) z Afryki poludniowej.

The following types ofteratology were found in the collection of 1278 individuals of Mallophaga coming from the birds of South Africa origin: deformity clypeus in Quadraceps kilimandjarensis (KELL.) from Stephanibyx coronatus (BURCH.), partial atrophy of one of the antennae of two males Q. kilimandjarensis and abdomen plates deformity of two females Q. kilimandjarensis, in male and female Quadraceps chorleyi TIMM. from Hoplopterus armatus (BURCH.), in female Saemundssonia africana TIMM. from Stephanibyx coronatus (BODD.) and male Plegadiphilus threskiornis (BEDF.) from Threskiornis aethiopicus (LATH.) the only representative of Amblycera (the other teratology belonged to Ischnocera suborder). Generally teratology was found in 0.70% of the collection.

[Toxocara canis (Nematoda) and toxocariasis of animals and humans]. / Toxocara canis (Nematoda) oraz toksokarozy zwierzat i czlowieka.

Some aspects of dog toxocarosis and syndrome of visceral larva migrans in human toxocarosis, particularly in children were presented. In detail the morphological characters and biology of Toxocara canis, its pathogenicity, ways of invasions as well as conditions favouring the spreading of parasites were discussed. Attention was paid to the efficacy of diagnosis of invasions, treatment and prophylaxis. The current toxocarosis threat was analysed and epidemiological prognosis was moved forward.

[Qualitative and quantitative study of biting lice (Mallophaga) from selected species of Charadriiformes (Aves)]. / Studium jakosciowe i ilosciowe nad wszolami (Mallophaga) z wybranych przedstawicieli rzedu Charadriiformes (Aves).

Biting lice were collected (mostly in Poland) from 15 species of Charadriiformes (Charadriidae, Scolopacidae, Laridae and Alcidae). We tried to determine the frequency of occurrence of particular species of Mallophaga. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of co-occurrence of external parasites (Mallophaga and some Astigmata) was also carried out. We stated that inter-species competition is not significant in shaping the fauna of external parasites of Charadriiformes.

[Ultrastructural surface properties in Columbicola columbae s. str. (Esthiopteridae, Mallophaga-Ischnocera) from domestic pigeons]. / Osobliwosci ultrastruktur powierzchniowych u Columbicola columbae s. str. (Esthiopteridae, Mallophaga-Ischnocera) z golebia domowego.

All post-embryonal stages of Columbicola columbae columbae (L.), the common parasite of pigeon, were investigated with regard to morphology, particularly surface ultrastructures. Many qualitative characters differing C. columbae s. str. from the investigated up to now species of Mallophaga were found in SEM. They are among others double lateral protuberances of head (clavus and clavulus) as well as parallel sculpture of pore organs on the last two segments of antennae. The structures showed at the photograms were interpreted with regard to their functions.

Heterodoxus spiniger (Boopiidae, Mallophaga) from Canis familiaris from India in the light and scanning electron microscopes.

Knowledge of morphometric characteristics of Heterodoxus spiniger was widened on the basis of material collected from dog (Canis familiaris) from India. Study, mostly by scanning electron microscope, concerned the males, females and nymphs of H. spiniger. The functional role of some elements, particularly observed surface ultrastructures, has been pointed out. The differences between postembrional stages were determined as well as literature data on H. spiniger were critically analysed.

[Effect of environmental conditions on parasitic infection of dogs]. / Wplyw warunków srodowiskowych na zarobaczenie psów.

The following intestinal parasites: Dipylidium caninum, Taenia hydatigena, Trichocephalus vulpis, Ancylostoma caninum, Uncinaria stenocephala, Toxocara canis, Toxascaris leonina, Ascaris sp. have been found on the basis of coprological investigations of 120 dogs from the Wroclow shelter, 20 dogs from Wroclow flats and 20 dogs from rural area of Kielce district. Total extensity of infection of rural dogs was 100% and 40-48% in town. These differences, according to the authors, are connected with different breeding conditions as well as with the specific contacts of investigated animals with others in various environments in Poland.

[Morphologic features, with particular regard to surface ultrastructure, of Docophoroides brevis (Docophoroididae, Mallophaga)]. / Cechy morfologiczne ze szczególnym uwzglednieniem ultrastruktur powierzchniowych u Docophoroides brevis (Docophoroididae, Mallophaga).

Bodies of nymphs and adults of Docophoroides brevis (Docophoroididae), parasite of Diomedea exulans, were studied under light and scanning microscopes. Developmental features of nymphs corresponded with similar features of other Philopteroidea. In adults type and distribution of sensillae were similar to other Ischnocera. Structures pointing to parasite's adaptation to holding itself on host's feathers, were distinguished. They were, besides characteristic claws, the mouth apparatus, groups of hooked processes on tibiae of the II and III pairs of legs, and sculpture of roundish fields on the sides of abdomen sternites. In the shape of male's genital apparatus, protruding to the outside of terminal sclerite, structures helping both partners to contact during copulation were discerned.

[Ultrastructure of the head surface of selected Bovicolidae (Mallophaga, Ischnocera)]. / Ultrastruktura powierzchni gøowy wybranych bovicolidae (Mallophaga, Ischnocera).

On the basis of morphological examinations of the head of Bovicola caprae, Cervicola meyeri and C. tibialis, carried out in the scanning electron microscope, the species descriptions received up to now, were supplemented with new characters. An attention has been paid to rather primitive type of antennal sesilla coeloconica (with developed cone) as well as the lack of accompanying pore organs, characteristic also of other Ischnocera.

Connections between Ascaridia galli and the bacterial flora in the intestine of hens.

Parasitological dissections of 502 intestinal tracts of hens deriving from big private chicken-farms have been done. In the jejunum of 146 hosts (ext. 29.1%) from 1 to 21 individuals of A. galli were detected. Using bacterial selective media and biochemical tests, the microorganisms from the hen's intestinal tracts as well as from the cuticle surface of the nematodes were identified. Among them were: grampositive (+) Lactobacillus, Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Micrococcus, Sarcina, Clostridium, Corynebacterium; gramnegative (-) Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas, Pasteurella, and fungi Candida and others. The lower frequency of microorganisms and the smaller amount of bacteria in the intestinal content in infected hens than in uninfected show that A. galli has antibacterial properties.

Connections between poultry biting lice and microflora.

Microorganisms were found in about 300 Mallophaga ( Menopon gallinae, Eomenacanthus stramineus , Goniocotes gallinae) and 11 host hens. The majority of isolated bacteria was determined as grampositive cocci. The microflora found on the surface of and inside the Mallophaga as well as in the samples of hen's skin did not exhibit significant qualitative differences. The internal microflora in Mallophaga appeared qualitatively a little poorer than the external. Breeding of bacteria from interior tissues of nymphs of G. gallinae seldom succeeded, although bacteria were found in all microscopical preparations. The results indicate the bacteriostatical effect of an unknown agent in the digestive system of Mallophaga, as well as the presence of microorganisms (probably specific to the insects investigated) which, however, cannot be distinguished by the usual methods.

[Mallophaga from birds and mammals in zoological gardens]. / Mallophagenfunde aus Vögeln und Säugetieren in zoologischen Gärten.

Almost 1,850 Mallophagen individuals from 95 host species (birds and mammals) most of which from the Zoological Gardens in lódz and Wroclaw (both in Poland) have been investigated. As regards bird biting lice Amblyceran species were found to be more frequent than Ischnoceran ones. The great majority of species and individuals of Mallophaga were host-specific. Stragglers were mainly found on relatively big birds. The "populations" of bird biting lice in the two Zoological Gardens were found to be of smaller quantity and poorer quality than in free nature. Differences of that kind could not be observed with biting lice of mammals.

Analysis of biometrical characters of two mallophagan species treated with a phosphoorganic insecticide.

On the basis of biometrical analysis of various parts of the body in M. gallinae and E. stramineus treated with insecticide (Polwet 5) it was found that only the sizes of abdomen were differently changed in both species. The differentiation of these changes depends on the Polwet 5 concentration used and on the specific morphological features of both species.