Exploring machine learning applications in Meningioma Research (2004-2023).

Objective: This study aims to examine the trends in machine learning application to meningiomas between 2004 and 2023. Methods: Publication data were extracted from the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-E) within the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC). Using CiteSpace 6.2.R6, a comprehensive analysis of publications, authors, cited authors, countries, institutions, cited journals, references, and keywords was conducted on December 1, 2023. Results: The analysis included a total of 342 articles. Prior to 2007, no publications existed in this field, and the number remained modest until 2017. A significant increase occurred in publications from 2018 onwards. The majority of the top 10 authors hailed from Germany and China, with the USA also exerting substantial international influence, particularly in academic institutions. Journals from the IEEE series contributed significantly to the publications. "Deep learning," "brain tumor," and "classification" emerged as the primary keywords of focus among researchers. The developmental pattern in this field primarily involved a combination of interdisciplinary integration and the refinement of major disciplinary branches. Conclusion: Machine learning has demonstrated significant value in predicting early meningiomas and tailoring treatment plans. Key research focuses involve optimizing detection indicators and selecting superior machine learning algorithms. Future efforts should aim to develop high-performance algorithms to drive further innovation in this field.

Alanyl-tRNA synthetase, AARS1, is a lactate sensor and lactyltransferase that lactylates p53 and contributes to tumorigenesis.

Lysine lactylation is a post-translational modification that links cellular metabolism to protein function. Here, we find that AARS1 functions as a lactate sensor that mediates global lysine lacylation in tumor cells. AARS1 binds to lactate and catalyzes the formation of lactate-AMP, followed by transfer of lactate to the lysince acceptor residue. Proteomics studies reveal a large number of AARS1 targets, including p53 where lysine 120 and lysine 139 in the DNA binding domain are lactylated. Generation and utilization of p53 variants carrying constitutively lactylated lysine residues revealed that AARS1 lactylation of p53 hinders its liquid-liquid phase separation, DNA binding, and transcriptional activation. AARS1 expression and p53 lacylation correlate with poor prognosis among cancer patients carrying wild type p53. ß-alanine disrupts lactate binding to AARS1, reduces p53 lacylation, and mitigates tumorigenesis in animal models. We propose that AARS1 contributes to tumorigenesis by coupling tumor cell metabolism to proteome alteration.

3D-printed guides versus computer navigation for pedicle screw placement in the surgical treatment of congenital scoliosis deformities.

BACKGROUND: To compare the safety and clinical outcomes of 3D-printed guides versus computer navigation for pedicle screw placement in the correction of congenital scoliosis deformities. METHODS: The study was a single-centre retrospective controlled study and was approved by the hospital ethics committee for the analysis all patients under the age of 18 years with at least 2 years of follow-up. Sixty-three patients who underwent surgical correction for congenital scoliosis deformities in our hospital from January 2015 to December 2020 were divided into two groups based on the decision following preoperative doctor‒patient communication. Among them, 43 patients had pedicle screws placed with 3D-printed guider plates, while the remaining 20 patients had screws inserted with the assistance of computer navigation. The perioperative period, follow-up results and imaging data were compared between the groups. RESULTS: The operation was completed successfully for patients in both groups. The 3D-printed guide-assisted screw placement technique proved to be significantly superior to the computer navigation technique in terms of operation time, screw placement time, and intraoperative blood loss (p < .05), although the former had more frequent intraoperative fluoroscopies than the latter (p < .05). The mean follow-up time was 41.4 months, and the SRS-22 scores significantly improved in both groups over time postoperatively (p < .05). The 3D-printing group had better SRS-22 scores than the navigation group 6 months after surgery and at the last follow-up (p < .05). Compared with preoperative values, the coronal Cobb angle, local kyphotic Cobb angle, C7-S1 coronal deviation (C7PL-CSVL), and sagittal deviation (SVA) were significantly improved in both groups after surgery (p < .05). CONCLUSION: Both techniques achieve the purpose of precise screw placement and proper correction of the deformities. In contrast, the 3D-printed guide-assisted screw placement technique showed advantages in terms of operation time, screw placement time, intraoperative blood loss and patient satisfaction with outcomes.

Electrochemical-Induced C-N Bond Formation: A New Method to Synthesis (Z)-Quinazolinone Oximes Using Primary Amines and Quinazolin-4(3H)-one.

A novel and highly selective electrochemical method for the synthesis of diverse quinazolinone oximes via direct electrooxidation of primary amines/C(sp2)-H functionalization of oximes has been developed. The reaction is conducted in an undivided cell under constant current conditions and is oxidant-free, open-air, and eco-friendly. Notably, the protocol shows good functional group tolerance, providing versatile quinazolinone oximes in good yields. Moreover, the mechanism is investigated through control experiments and cyclic voltammogram (CV) experiments.

Exposure to pesticides and risk of colorectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a widespread malignancy worldwide, and its relationship with pesticide exposure remains inconclusive. This study aims to elucidate the relationship between pesticide exposure and the risk of colon, rectal, or CRC, focusing on specific pesticide groups. We conducted an extensive literature search for peer-reviewed studies published up to March 31, 2023. Summary risk ratios (RR) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using stratified random-effects meta-analyses, taking into account different types of exposure and outcomes, and various exposed populations and pesticide subgroups. This approach aimed to address the substantial heterogeneity observed across the literature. We also assessed heterogeneity and potential small-study effects to ensure the robustness of our findings. From the 50 studies included in this review, 33 contributed to the meta-analysis. Our results indicate a significant association between herbicide exposure and colon cancer in both lifetime-days (LDs) (RR = 1.20; 95% CI = 1.01-1.42) and intensity-weighted lifetime-days (IWLDs) (RR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.12-1.49) exposure. Similarly, insecticide exposure was associated with an increased risk of colon cancer in IWLDs (RR = 1.32; 95% CI = 1.02-1.70) exposure, and rectal cancer in any versus never exposure (RR = 1.21; 95% CI = 1.07-1.36), IDs (RR = 1.86; 95% CI = 1.30-2.67) and IWLDs (RR = 1.70; 95% CI = 1.03-2.83) exposure. While these findings suggest significant associations of herbicide and insecticide exposure with colon and rectal cancer, respectively, further research is needed to explore the impact of other pesticide groups and deepen our understanding of pesticide exposure. These results have important implications for policymakers and regulators, underscoring the need for stricter supervision and regulation of pesticide use to mitigate CRC risk.

TRIM28-mediated nucleocapsid protein SUMOylation enhances SARS-CoV-2 virulence.

Viruses, as opportunistic intracellular parasites, hijack the cellular machinery of host cells to support their survival and propagation. Numerous viral proteins are subjected to host-mediated post-translational modifications. Here, we demonstrate that the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (SARS2-NP) is SUMOylated on the lysine 65 residue, which efficiently mediates SARS2-NP's ability in homo-oligomerization, RNA association, liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). Thereby the innate antiviral immune response is suppressed robustly. These roles can be achieved through intermolecular association between SUMO conjugation and a newly identified SUMO-interacting motif in SARS2-NP. Importantly, the widespread SARS2-NP R203K mutation gains a novel site of SUMOylation which further increases SARS2-NP's LLPS and immunosuppression. Notably, the SUMO E3 ligase TRIM28 is responsible for catalyzing SARS2-NP SUMOylation. An interfering peptide targeting the TRIM28 and SARS2-NP interaction was screened out to block SARS2-NP SUMOylation and LLPS, and consequently inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication and rescue innate antiviral immunity. Collectively, these data support SARS2-NP SUMOylation is critical for SARS-CoV-2 virulence, and therefore provide a strategy to antagonize SARS-CoV-2.

Risk factors for misdiagnosis in children with developmental dysplasia of the hip: a retrospective single centre study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate risk factors of misdiagnosis at the first visit of children with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) who did not participate in hip ultrasound screening. METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted on children with DDH admitted to a tertiary hospital in northwestern China between January 2010 and June 2021. We divided the patients into the diagnosis and misdiagnosis groups according to whether they were diagnosed at the first visit. The basic information, treatment process and medical information of the children were investigated. We made a line chart of the annual misdiagnosis rate to observe the trend in the annual misdiagnosis rate. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify significant risk factors for missed diagnosis. RESULTS: A total of 351 patients met the inclusion criteria, including 256 (72.9%) patients in the diagnosis group and 95 (27.1%) patients in the misdiagnosis group. The line chart of the annual rate of misdiagnoses among children with DDH from 2010 to 2020 showed no significant change trend. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the paediatrics department (v the paediatric orthopaedics department: OR 0.21, p<0.001), the general orthopaedics department (v the paediatric orthopaedics department: OR 0.39, p=0.006) and the senior physician (v the junior physician: OR 2.47, p=0.006) on the misdiagnosis at the first visit of children were statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Children with DDH without hip ultrasound screening are prone to be misdiagnosed at their first visit. The annual misdiagnosis rate has not been significantly reduced in recent years. The department and title of the physician are independent risk factors for misdiagnosis.

Clinical-pathological features and muscle imaging findings in 36 Chinese patients with rimmed vacuolar myopathies: case series study and review of literature.

Introduction: Rimmed vacuolar myopathies (RVMs) are a group of genetically heterogeneous diseases that share histopathological characteristics on muscle biopsy, including the aberrant accumulation of autophagic vacuoles. However, the presence of non-coding sequences and structural mutations, some of which remain undetectable, confound the identification of pathogenic mutations responsible for RVMs. Therefore, we assessed the clinical profiles and muscle magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) changes in 36 Chinese patients with RVMs, emphasizing the role of muscle MRI in disease identification and differential diagnosis to propose a comprehensive literature-based imaging pattern to facilitate improved diagnostic workup. Methods: All patients presented with rimmed vacuoles with varying degrees of muscular dystrophic changes and underwent a comprehensive evaluation using clinical, morphological, muscle MRI and molecular genetic analysis. We assessed muscle changes in the Chinese RVMs and provided an overview of the RVMs, focusing on the patterns of muscle involvement on MRI. Results: A total of 36 patients, including 24 with confirmed distal myopathy and 12 with limb-girdle phenotype, had autophagic vacuoles with RVMs. Hierarchical clustering of patients according to the predominant effect of the distal or proximal lower limbs revealed that most patients with RVMs could be distinguished. GNE myopathy was the most prevalent form of RVMs observed in this study. Moreover, MRI helped identify the causative genes in some diseases (e.g., desminopathy and hereditary myopathy with early respiratory failure) and confirmed the pathogenicity of a novel mutation (e.g., adult-onset proximal rimmed vacuolar titinopathy) detected using next-generation sequencing. Discussion: Collectively, our findings expand our knowledge of the genetic spectrum of RVMs in China and suggest that muscle imaging should be an integral part of assisting genetic testing and avoiding misdiagnosis in the diagnostic workup of RVM.

The influence and mechanistic action of sperm DNA fragmentation index on the outcomes of assisted reproduction technology.

We investigated the influence of DNA fragmentation index (DFI) on in vitro fertilization (IVF), embryo transfer (ET), and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). We analyzed the semen parameters of 61 cycles in infertile couples undergoing IVF-ET and ICSI and determined DFI by sperm chromatin dispersion testing. Based on DFI, the patients were differentiated into a control group (DFI < 25%, n = 35) and a test group (DFI ≥ 25%, n = 26). Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence were used to investigate the extent of sperm reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis. We also investigated the effect of DFI on pregnancy outcomes of IVF-ET/ICSI. DFI was negatively related to sperm motility and positively correlated with ROS and apoptosis (P < 0.05). Abnormally elevated DFI reduced the rate of transplantable, high-quality embryos, implantation, clinical pregnancy, delivery, and live birth after IVF-ET, and increased the chance of early abortion per transfer cycle (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant correlation between DFI and fertilization rate, cleavage rate, transplantable rate, high-quality embryo rate, implantation rate, clinical pregnancy rate, early abortion rate, delivery rate and live birth rate when assisted by ICSI (P > 0.05). Sperm DNA integrity is crucial for fertilization and the development of healthy offspring. ROS may increase the level of DFI by inducing apoptosis in sperm.

Gestational diabetes mellitus: The optimal time of delivery.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnancy complication strongly associated with poor maternal-fetal outcomes. Its incidence and prevalence have been increasing in recent years. Women with GDM typically give birth through either vaginal delivery or cesarean section, and the maternal-fetal outcomes are related to several factors such as cervical level, fetal lung maturity, the level of glycemic control still present, and the mode of treatment for the condition. We categorized women with GDM based on the latter two factors. GDM that is managed without medication when it is responsive to nutrition- and exercise-based therapy is considered diet- and exercise-controlled GDM, or class A1 GDM, and GDM managed with medication to achieve adequate glycemic control is considered class A2 GDM. The remaining cases in which neither medical nor nutritional treatment can control glucose levels or patients who do not control their blood sugar are categorized as class A3 GDM. We investigated the optimal time of delivery for women with GDM according to the classification of the condition. This review aimed to address the benefits and harms of giving birth at different weeks of gestation for women with different classes of GDM and attempted to provide an analytical framework and clearer advice on the optimal time for labor.

Biomolecular condensates: Formation mechanisms, biological functions, and therapeutic targets.

Biomolecular condensates are cellular structures composed of membraneless assemblies comprising proteins or nucleic acids. The formation of these condensates requires components to change from a state of solubility separation from the surrounding environment by undergoing phase transition and condensation. Over the past decade, it has become widely appreciated that biomolecular condensates are ubiquitous in eukaryotic cells and play a vital role in physiological and pathological processes. These condensates may provide promising targets for the clinic research. Recently, a series of pathological and physiological processes have been found associated with the dysfunction of condensates, and a range of targets and methods have been demonstrated to modulate the formation of these condensates. A more extensive description of biomolecular condensates is urgently needed for the development of novel therapies. In this review, we summarized the current understanding of biomolecular condensates and the molecular mechanisms of their formation. Moreover, we reviewed the functions of condensates and therapeutic targets for diseases. We further highlighted the available regulatory targets and methods, discussed the significance and challenges of targeting these condensates. Reviewing the latest developments in biomolecular condensate research could be essential in translating our current knowledge on the use of condensates for clinical therapeutic strategies.

Pure laparoscopic versus open left lateral hepatectomy in pediatric living donor liver transplantation: a review and meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: The meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the safety and feasibility of pure laparoscopic left lateral hepatectomy in comparison with open approach for pediatric living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). METHODS: A systemic literature survey was performed by searching the PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases for articles that compared pure laparoscopic left lateral living donor hepatectomy (LLDH) and open left lateral living donor hepatectomy (OLDH) by November 2021. Meta-analysis was performed to assess donors' and recipients' perioperative outcomes using RevMan 5.3 software. RESULTS: A total of five studies involving 432 patients were included in the analysis. The results demonstrated that LLDH group had significantly less blood loss (WMD = -99.28 ml, 95%CI -152.68 to -45.88, p = 0.0003) and shorter length of hospital stay (WMD = -2.71d, 95%CI -3.78 to -1.64, p < 0.00001) compared with OLDH group. A reduced donor overall postoperative complication rate was observed in the LLDH group (OR = 0.29, 95%CI 0.13-0.64, p = 0.002). In the subgroup analysis, donor bile leakage, wound infection and pulmonary complications were similar between two groups (bile leakage: OR = 1.31, 95%CI 0.43-4.02, p = 0.63; wound infection: OR = 0.38, 95%CI 0.10-1.41, p = 0.15; pulmonary complications: OR = 0.24, 95%CI 0.04-1.41, p = 0.11). For recipients, there were no significant difference in perioperative outcomes between the LLDH and OLDH group, including mortality, overall complications, hepatic artery thrombosis, portal vein and biliary complications. CONCLUSION: LLDH is a safe and effective alternative to OLDH for pediatric LDLT, reducing invasiveness and benefiting postoperative recovery. Future large-scale multi-center studies are expected to confirm the advantages of LLDH in pediatric LDLT.

Childhood maltreatment influences suicidal behavior: Rumination mediates and regulatory emotional self-efficacy moderates.

To investigate the mediating role of rumination in the association between childhood maltreatment and suicidal behavior, and the moderating role of regulatory emotional self-efficacy, university students (N = 1,458) from 5 universities in China completed questionnaires in classrooms. Path analyses showed emotional maltreatment had the greatest positive association with suicidal behavior and rumination compared with other types of childhood maltreatment. Rumination partly mediated the relationship between childhood maltreatment and suicidal behavior. High regulatory emotional self-efficacy moderated the relation between ruminating childhood maltreatment and suicidal behavior.

Quantification of femoral position on radiographic acetabular coverage in children.

An accurate assessment of the radiographic acetabular coverage is essential for clinical diagnosis or surgical decision-making in hip disorders. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of femoral position on acetabular coverage and to predict the actual acetabular coverage from nonstandard radiographs. A total of 21 children (34 hips) with normative acetabular coverage were screened in this retrospective study. The Mimics-based local-rotation fluoroscopy simulation method was used to tilt, incline, and rotate the femur in 4° increments within the range of femoral motion. The acetabular coverage, namely acetabular-head index (AHI) and center-edge angle (CEA), increased with femoral abduction but decreased with other motions. Compared to the femoral neutral position, no significant differences were identified in AHI with the rotation (range: 0°-16°) and in CEA with the tilt (range: -20°-4°), inclination (range: 0°-4°), or rotation (range: -8°-40°). The linear regression analysis showed that the CEA increased by about 0.20° for each 1° increase in femoral inclination and decreased by about 0.01°, 0.07°, 0.06°, or 0.07° for each 1° increase in internal rotation, external rotation, flexion, or extension, respectively. And a more significant change in AHI was observed. All femoral malpositions, especially the inclination, affected radiographic acetabular coverage in children. Therefore, each pelvic radiograph should assess potential femoral malpositioning before diagnosing hip disorders. This study will assist surgeons in predicting the acetabular coverage on nonstandard radiographs.

Single-Cell Transcriptomics Reveals Longevity Immune Remodeling Features Shared by Centenarians and Their Offspring.

Centenarians, who show mild infections and low incidence of tumors, are the optimal model to investigate healthy aging. However, longevity related immune characteristics has not been fully revealed largely due to lack of appropriate controls. In this study, single-cell transcriptomic analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) derived from seven centenarians (CEN), six centenarians' offspring (CO), and nine offspring spouses or neighbors (Control, age-matched to CO) are performed to investigate the shared immune features between CEN and CO. The results indicate that among all 12 T cell clusters, the cytotoxic-phenotype-clusters (CPC) and the naïve-phenotype-clusters (NPC) significantly change between CEN and ontrol. Compared to Control, both CEN and CO are characterized by depleted NPC and increased CPC, which is dominated by CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, CPC from CEN and CO share enhanced signaling pathways and transcriptional factors associated with immune response, and possesse similar T-cell-receptor features, such as high clonal expansion. Interestingly, rather than a significant increase in GZMK+ CD8 cells during aging, centenarians show accumulation of GZMB+ and CMC1+ CD8 T cells. Collectively, this study unveils an immune remodeling pattern reflected by both quantitative increase and functional reinforcement of cytotoxic T cells which are essential for healthy aging.

Neonatal Cri du chat syndrome with atypical facial appearance: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Cri du chat syndrome (CdCS), also known as 5p deletion syndrome (5p-) is a syndrome caused by partial deletion of the 5p chromosome in human beings. The incidence accounts for 1/50000 and the cause of CdCS is related to partial deletion of chromosome 5 short arm (p). CdCS is a sporadic event. Only one case of CdCS was detected by chromosome screening in 125 and 170 pregnant Iranian women[1]. The most prominent clinical manifestations of CdCS are typical high-pitched cat calls, severe mental retardation or mental retardation and is most harmful to both language and growth retardation[2]. CdCS is a chromosome mutation disease which occurs during embryonic development and the symptoms of some cases are extremely atypical. It is difficult to make an early diagnosis and screening in clinic. We can suspect the disease from its atypical manifestations in the weak crying of cats, and chromosome karyotype analysis can find some questionable gene deletion fragments to assist the clinical diagnosis and prognosis of CdCS. CASE SUMMARY: A 2-d-old male child who was admitted to our hospital with a poor postnatal reaction and poor milk intake. The baby's crying and sucking is weak, reaction and feeding time is poor and the baby has nausea and vomiting. Karyotype analysis showed that the chromosomes were 46, XY, deletion (5) p15. Whole genome microarray analysis (named ISCN2013) showed that the chromosomes of the child were male karyotypes and contained three chromosomal abnormalities. Among them, loss of 5p15.2pter (113576-13464559) was associated with cat call syndrome. After 3 mo of follow-up, the child still vomited repeatedly, had poor milk intake, did not return to normal growth, had developmental retardation and a poor directional response. CONCLUSION: Therefore, when cat crying and laryngeal sounds occur in the neonatal period, it should be considered that they are related to CdCS. Chromosome karyotype and genome analysis are helpful for the diagnosis of CdCS.

Formation of Shaped Charge Projectile in Air and Water.

With the improvement of the antiknock performance of warships, shaped charge warheads have been focused on and widely used to design underwater weapons. In order to cause efficient damage to warships, it is of great significance to study the formation of shaped charge projectiles in air and water. This paper uses Euler governing equations to establish numerical models of shaped charges subjected to air and underwater explosions. The formation and the movement of Explosively Formed Projectiles (EFPs) in different media for three cases: air explosion and underwater explosions with and without air cavities are discussed. First, the velocity distributions of EFPs in the formation process are discussed. Then, the empirical coefficient of the maximum head velocity of EFPs in air is obtained by simulations of air explosions of shaped charges with different types of explosives. The obtained results agree well with the practical solution, which validates the numerical model. Further, this empirical coefficient in water is deduced. After that, the evolutions of the head velocity of EFPs in different media for the above three cases are further compared and analyzed. The fitting formulas of velocity attenuation of EFPs, which form and move in different media, are gained. The obtained results can provide a theoretical basis and numerical support for the design of underwater weapons.

Closing-opening wedge osteotomy for the treatment of congenital kyphosis in children.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of posterior closed-open wedge osteotomy for treatment of congenital kyphosis in children. METHODS: Imaging and clinical data from January 2010 to December 2019 of posterior closed-open wedge osteotomy of congenital kyphosis with at least 2-year follow up was analyzed retrospectively. Perioperative indicators such as operation time, osteotomy site, osteotomy method and occurrence of complications, and imaging indicators were observed. The 3D printed models were used to measure the expanded distance of anterior edge vertebra and closed length of spinal canal line. The clinical effect was evaluated through SRS-22 questionnaires. RESULTS: There were 15 CK patients in this study. The osteotomy segments and details are as follows: 1 case each for T6-9 and L2, 2 cases at T11, 3 cases at T12, and 6 cases at L1. The average operation time was 314 min, the average blood loss was 970 mL, the average fusion range was 6.3 segments, and the average time of follow up was 70.5 months. The Cobb angle of local kyphosis was corrected from 65.6 ± 18.8° to 11.3 ± 7.1°(p < .001). The range of kyphosis correction was 40-90°, and average correction rate was 83.2% (67.7-95.7%). The correction was stable in follow-up, and the kyphotic angle was 11.0 ± 7.6 (p = .68). The preoperative SVA was 31.5 ± 21.8 mm, and the postoperative recovery was 18.0 ± 15.5, while the last follow-up was 9.1 ± 7.9. The p values were 0.02 and 0.07 respectively. By using 3D printed models, the expanded distance of anterior edge vertebra and closed length of spinal canal line were 14.5 ± 7.5 mm and 24.5 ± 8.0 mm respectively. Self-image and satisfaction in SRS-22 improved significantly. There was no recurrence of deformity and junctional kyphosis. CONCLUSIONS: The posterior closing-opening wedge osteotom for treatment of congenital kyphosis in children is satisfactory, if selected appropriately. During the longitudinal follow-up, the patients could achieve solid fusion and the correction could be well maintained.Evidence of Confidence: IVa.