[Lung cancer in survivors of radiation exposure at the Chernobyl nuclear disaster]. / Rak lëgkogo u lits, podvergshikhsia radiatsionnomy vozdeistviiu vsledstvie avarii na Chernobil'skoi AES.

Epidemiology, diagnostics and therapy of lung cancer in the aftermath of Chernobyl nuclear disaster are discussed on the basis of the data released by the Federal Expert Committee. Lung cancer appeared to be the main death-causing factor. The disease was far advanced (stage IIIb and IV) in 85% of cases. The effectiveness of diagnosis can be raised if such compulsory measures as annual bronchoscopic screenings and sputum counts are carried out. Atypical cell counts have to be run in the sputum samples from all the survivors who took part in the salvaging operations of 1986-1987 and are suffering acute and chronic respiratory diseases. Particular attention should be paid to those who were working under severe dust-pollution conditions in summer.

[Value of bone densitometry in the determination of vertebral mineral density in participants of the clean-up after Chernobyl accident]. / Znachenie osteodensitometrii v opredelenii kostnoi mineral'noi plotnosti pozvonochnika u uchastnikov likvidatsii avarii na ChAES.

Scanning osteodensitometry helped to study mineral saturation of lumbar vertebra in individuals who liquidated Chernobyl accident consequences. Bone mineral density appeared to depend on radiation dose obtained by the examinees. High risk of osteoporosis revealed in the examinees who participated in the liquidation in 1986. The authors stress that the examinees should be covered by the skeletal state monitoring possible only with osteodensitometry. The article justify that biphotonic scanning osteodensitometers are expedient in Health Care Centers for individuals who liquidated Chernobyl accident consequences.

[Prevention of atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction in the liquidators of the accident at the Chernobyl Power Plant]. / Profilaktika ateroskleroza i infarkta miokarda u uchastnikov likvidatsii posledstvii avarii na ChAES.

The examination of 1450 patients-participants of elimination consequences after Chernobyl accident has revealed reasons of disablement: mental amd neurologic diseases -32%; cardiologic -28%; oncologic -13%; traumatic -14%. The reason of death in 60% were cardiologic diseases. Arteriosclerosis and myocardial infarction were revealed among participants of 1986 in 85% and 1987 only in 15%. There were revealed high efficiency of myocardial infarction's prophylactic by means of prescription hypoholesterinemic preparations.

[Value of prophylactic investigation of thoracic organs in victims of the Chernobyl power plant disaster]. / O tselocoobraznosti provedeniia profilakticheskikh issledovanii organov grudnoi kletki u lits, postradavshikh pri avarii na ChAEC.

Relatively low morbidity of tuberculosis of the lung (2 per 1,500) and comparatively high morbidity of ling cancer were reported in 1995-1997 among the liquidators of Chernobyl nuclear power station disaster. Risk of malignant disease involved in X-ray check-ups of the chest has been identified. Low diagnostic value of photoroentgenography for lung tumors has been reported.

[Single-photon emission-computed tomography in evaluation of cerebral microcirculation of patients with epileptiform syndrome]. / Odnofotonnaia émissionnaia komp'iuternaia tomografiia v otsenke sostoianiia mikrotsirkuliatsii golovnogo mozga u bol'nykh s épileptiformnym sindromom.

One-photon emission computed tomography (OPECT) was used to examine 87 patients with the epileptiform syndrome. Eighty five patients had impaired drug distribution which was suggestive of varying degree cerebral circulatory disorders. OPECT with a Tc-99m-gm-pao used in patients with the epileptiform syndrome revealed the morphological substract of brain structures. OPECT findings in the patients suggested the brain structural microcirculatory changes to be diffuse and focal, of varying magnitude. There was no clear correlation between clinical manifestations and OPECT and CT findings.

[The late sequelae of radiation exposure on the nervous system]. / Otdalennye posledstviia luchevogo vozdeistviia na nervnuiu sistemu.

Clinical, neuropsychologic, neurophysiologic as well as neuromorphologic (in legal cases) examinations of Chernobyl liquidators were performed. In addition, the study was made of the monkeys exposed to 1,5 Gy radiation. The results obtained testified to the organic character of cerebral damages. They may be characterised as chronic progressive discirculatory-hypoxic syndrome in which disorders of vascular permeability were expressed and dystrophic destructive irreversible alterations of nervous cells occurred.

Electroencephalographic correlates of neurological disturbances at remote periods of the effect of ionizing radiation (sequelae of the Chernobyl' NPP accident).

The psychoneurological status of 40 participants (all men aged 25-45 years, official dose 15-51 rem) in the liquidation of the consequences of the accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in 1986-1987 was investigated; EEG mapping and three-dimensional localization of the sources of epileptic activity as compared with the data of healthy individuals (20 individuals) was carried out. Vegetative-vascular symptomatology was identified in the neurological status of all the patients; disseminated organic neurological symptomatology and endocrine disturbances were additionally identified in some of the patients. There were paroxysmal attacks periodically in the overwhelming majority (68%) of the patients; this correlated with the presence in the EEG of epileptic forms of activity. The patients were divided into two groups on the basis of the character of the EEG. Patients in whom slow alpha waves and waves of the theta range with a "focus" in the central-frontal regions of the cortex were recorded were included in group I (25 individuals). Analysis of the localization of the sources of epileptic activity revealed placement at the midline level in them with marked compactness and displacement of the focus to the right hemisphere. In the patients of group II (15 individuals), slow waves of frontal localization and diffuse beta waves predominated in the EEG in the presence of a reduction in the level of biopotentials. The localization of equivalents of epileptic activity was more diffuse in character and was at the basal level, with a greater representation of the sources of epileptic activity in the left hemisphere.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

[Changes in the brain of persons who participated in the cleaning-up of the Chernobyl AES accident based on the data of radiodiagnosis (single-photon emission-computed radionuclide tomography, x-ray computed tomography and magnetic resonance tomography)]. / Izmeneniia v golovnom mozge u lits, prinimavshikh uchastie v likvidatsii posledstvii avarii na Chernobyl'skoi AES, po dannym luchevoi diagnostiki (émissionnoi odnofotonnoi komp'iuternoi tomostsintigrafii, rentgenovskoi komp'iuternoi i magnitnoi rezonansnoi tomografii).

Presents the data of x-ray examinations of the brain in cleaner-ups of the consequences of the Chernobyl power plant accident who complained of headaches, ache in the bones, poor memory, giddiness, weakness, a drastic drop of performance ability, fits with loss of consciousness. Hypometabolic foci localized both in the white and gray matter of the brain were revealed. X-Ray computer-aided tomography and magnetic imaging showed dilatation of the ventricular system of the brain, dilatation of the subarachnoidal spaces, symmetrical reduction of the density of medullary tissue round the bodies and anterior and posterior horns of lateral ventricles, round the third ventricle, near semi-oval centers, as well as solitary or multiple focal reduction of medullary tissue density. Findings of x-ray methods of diagnosis permit a conclusion on a complex organic involvement of the brain in subjects who participated in liquidation of the consequences of the Chernobyl power plant accident. The most typical are signs of the hypertensive hydrocephalic syndrome with cerebrospinal fluid disturbances and of the vascular encephalic syndrome with development of focal postischemic malacia of the brain matter.

[The electroencephalographic correlates of neurological disorders in the late periods of exposure to ionizing radiation (the aftereffects of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station)]. / Elektroéntsefalograficheskie korreliaty nevrologicheskikh narushenii v otdalennye sroki vozdeistviia ioniziruiushchei radiatsii (posledstviia avarii na Chernobyl'skoi AES).

EEG mapping and three-dimensional localization of epileptic activity sources together with a neurological analysis were carried out in subjects having taken part in 1986-1987 in the liquidation of consequences of the Chernobyl accident. Experimental group included 40 right-handed 25-45 years-old men having received a radiation dose of 15-51 Ber stated officially. Control group consisted of 20 healthy men. Neurological examination of the patients revealed vegetative-vascular and endocrine dysfunctions as well as diffuse neurological symptoms. EEG of one group of patients (25 persons) was characterized by slow alpha- and theta-band foci and epileptic waves in the central-frontal regions; epileptic sources were localized at the diencephalic level mainly in the midline being shifted to the right hemisphere. In the EEG of another group (15 persons) delta-waves were recorded in the frontal regions at the background of diffuse beta-activity. The sources of epileptic activity of a diffuse character were localized at the basal level of the brain and in the cortex (predominantly) in the left hemisphere. The results obtained together with SPECT mapping and CT data permit to suppose the organic damage of different brain structures (at the cortical and the midline levels) in the patients, with participation of diencephalic structures in the pathological process hypothalamic-hypophysial system being probably connected with adaptive processes in the CNS.

[Breast blood supply in various diseases as evidenced by color Doppler ultrasonography]. / Osobennosti krovosnabzheniia molochnoi zhelezy pri razlichnykh zabolevaniiakh po dannym tsvetnoi dopplerosonografii.

Color doppler sonography, traditional sonography, and mammography without contrast staining, as well as physical and pathomorphologic methods were used in examinations of the mammary glands of 76 women aged 18 to 65. Characteristic features of the blood supply to the gland were detected, and differential diagnostic criteria defined on the basis of these findings, to simplify differentiation between malignant and benign nodular formations and the diffuse changes in the mamma.

[Digital bone densitometry]. / Digital'naia osteodensitometriia.

Normal values of bone mineral composition were defined, based on examinations of 600 male and female volunteers of various age groups by digital roentgenodensitometry. The mineral compactness was found reduced in the patients with endocrine diseases, in subjects who participated in liquidation of the Chernobyl power plant accident aftereffects, and in those suffering from skeletal pains. The authors emphasize the value of digital roentgenodensitometry as a method for monitoring the efficacy of treatment of patients with endocrine diseases and chronic renal insufficiency.

[A study of the evacuatory function of the small and large intestines using the dynamic scintigraphic method in inflammatory diseases of the intestines]. / Izuchenie évakuatornoi funktsii tonkoi i tolstoi kishok metodom dinamicheskoi stsintigrafii pri vospatel'nykh zabolevaniiakh kishechnika.

Intestinal and colon evacuatory function was studied in 10 patients without pathology of the digestive organs and in 66 patients with chronic colitis. This method allows adequate assessment of the state of the hepatobiliary system, intestinal and colon evacuatory function without additional radiation exposure of the examinees and personnel.

[Ultrasonic scanning of the thyroid in the children of Bryansk Province in 1989]. / Ul'trazvukovoe skanirovanie shchitovidnoi zhelezy u detei Brianskoi oblasti.

Ultrasound scanning has shown that the rate of pathological thyroid changes in schoolchildren of the endemic zone is a 2.5-fold high as that in Moscow schoolchildren. Children affected at the Chernobyl accident demonstrated a significant increase in the thyroid size, the frequency of hypoplasia and thypoiditides as compared to indices in children from the endemic area without radioactive contamination.

[The ultrasonic diagnosis of changes in the hepatobiliary system in the practice of mass medical examinations]. / Ul'trazvukovaia diagnostika izmenenii gepatobiliarnoi sistemy v praktike massovykh meditsinskikh obsledovanii.

Investigation of 1258 servicemen during the first year of their service using ultrasound scanning of the hepatobiliary system has shown signs of chronic cholecystitis in 170, chronic hepatitis in 70, pyelonephritis and renal calculi in 120; 25 servicemen were recommended for further medical examination. It has been concluded that ultrasound scanning must become part of obligatory investigations of conscripts.