Temporal Trends in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: 10-Year Analysis of the TAVIDOR Registry. / Tendência Temporal no Implante Percutâneo de Bioprótese Aórtica: Análise de 10 Anos do Registro TAVIDOR.

BACKGROUND: Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has established itself as the preferential strategy to approach severe aortic stenosis. Information on procedural improvements and nationwide results obtained with the technique throughout the past decade are unknown. OBJECTIVES: To assess the temporal variation of the demographic profile, procedural characteristics, and in-hospital outcomes of patients undergoing TAVI procedures at the Rede D'Or São Luiz. METHODS: Observational registry comprising 29 national institutions, comparing the characteristics of the TAVI procedures performed from 2012 to 2017 (Group 1) to those performed from 2018 to 2023 (Group 2). The statistical significance level adopted was p < 0.05. RESULTS: This study assessed 661 patients, 95 in Group 1 and 566 in Group 2, with a mean age of 81.1 years. Group 1 patients had a higher prevalence of New York Heart Association functional class III or IV and STS risk score > 8%. In addition, they more often underwent general anesthesia, transesophageal echocardiographic monitoring, and access through femoral dissection. Group 2 patients had a higher success rate of the TAVI procedure (95.4% versus 89.5%; p = 0.018), lower mortality (3.9% versus 11.6%; p = 0.004), and less often needed permanent pacemaker implantation (8.5% versus 17.9%; p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: The 10-year temporal trends analysis of the TAVIDOR Registry shows a reduction in patients' clinical complexity over time. Furthermore, the advance to minimalistic implantation techniques, added to the technological evolution of the devices, may have contributed to the favorable outcomes observed among those whose implantation occurred in the last 5 years studied.

FUNDAMENTO: O implante percutâneo de bioprótese valvar aórtica (TAVI) consolidou-se como opção terapêutica da estenose aórtica de grau importante. Dados sobre as características evolutivas dos procedimentos e dos resultados obtidos com a técnica ao longo da última década, em escala nacional, são desconhecidos. OBJETIVOS: Analisar a tendência temporal referente ao perfil demográfico, características dos procedimentos e desfechos hospitalares de pacientes submetidos a TAVI na Rede D'Or São Luiz. MÉTODOS: Registro observacional envolvendo 29 instituições nacionais. Comparou-se características dos procedimentos realizados de 2012 a 2017 (Grupo 1) e de 2018 a 2023 (Grupo 2). Foram considerados significantes os resultados com valor de p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: Foram analisados 661 casos, 95 pertencentes ao Grupo 1 e 566 ao Grupo 2. A média de idade foi 81,1 anos. Observou-se no Grupo 1 maior prevalência de pacientes em classe funcional III ou IV e escore de risco > 8%. Foi mais frequente o emprego de anestesia geral, monitorização ecocardiográfica transesofágica e via de acesso por dissecção. Maior taxa de sucesso do procedimento (95,4% versus 89,5%; p = 0,018) foi aferida em implantes efetivados a partir de 2018, assim como menor mortalidade (3,9% versus 11,6%; p = 0,004) e necessidade de marcapasso definitivo (8,5% versus 17,9%; p = 0,008). CONCLUSÕES: A análise temporal de 10 anos do Registro TAVIDOR demonstra uma queda na complexidade clínica dos pacientes. Além disso, o avanço para técnicas de implante minimalistas, somadas à evolução tecnológica dos dispositivos, podem ter contribuído para desfechos favoráveis dentre aqueles cujo implante ocorreu no último quinquênio.

New Insights on the Mechanisms of Myocardial Injury in Hypertensive Patients With COVID-19.

PURPOSE: Myocardial injury is common in hypertensive patients with 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Immune dysregulation could be associated to cardiac injury in these patients, but the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated. METHODS: All patients were selected prospectively from a multicenter registry of adults hospitalized with confirmed COVID-19. Cases had hypertension and myocardial injury, defined by troponin levels above the 99th percentile upper reference limit, and controls were hypertensive patients with no myocardial injury. Biomarkers and immune cell subsets were quantified and compared between the two groups. A multiple logistic regression model was used to analyze the associations of clinical and immune variables with myocardial injury. RESULTS: The sample comprised 193 patients divided into two groups: 47 cases and 146 controls. Relative to controls, cases had lower total lymphocyte count, percentage of T lymphocytes, CD8+CD38+ mean fluorescence intensity (MFI), and percentage of CD8+ human leukocyte antigen DR isotope (HLA-DR)+ CD38-cells and higher percentage of natural killer lymphocytes, natural killer group 2A (NKG2A)+ MFI, percentage of CD8+CD38+cells, CD8+HLA-DR+MFI, CD8+NKG2A+MFI, and percentage of CD8+HLA-DR-CD38+cells. On multivariate regression, the CD8+HLA-DR+MFI, CD8+CD38+MFI, and total lymphocyte count were associated significantly with myocardial injury. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that lymphopenia, CD8+CD38+MFI, and CD8+HLA-DR+MFI are immune biomarkers of myocardial injury in hypertensive patients with COVID-19. The immune signature described here may aid in understanding the mechanisms underlying myocardial injury in these patients. The study data might open a new window for improvement in the treatment of hypertensive patients with COVID-19 and myocardial injury.

Overview of Percutaneous Coronary Interventions for Chronic Total Occlusions Treated at Brazilian Centers Participating in the LATAM CTO Registry. / Panorama das Intervenções Coronárias Percutâneas em Oclusões Totais Crônicas em Centros Participantes do LATAM CTO Registry no Brasil.

BACKGROUND: Major advances have been seen in techniques and devices for performing percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs) for chronic total occlusions (CTOs), but there are limited real-world practice data from developing countries. OBJECTIVES: To report clinical and angiographic characteristics, procedural aspects, and clinical outcomes of CTO PCI performed at dedicated centers in Brazil. METHODS: Included patients underwent CTO PCI at centers participating in the LATAM CTO Registry, a Latin American multicenter registry dedicated to prospective collection of these data. Inclusion criteria were procedures performed in Brazil, age 18 years or over, and presence of CTO with PCI attempt. CTO was defined as a 100% lesion in an epicardial coronary artery, known or estimated to have lasted at least 3 months. RESULTS: Data on 1196 CTO PCIs were included. Procedures were performed primarily for angina control (85%) and/or treatment of moderate/severe ischemia (24%). Technical success rate was 84%, being achieved with antegrade wire approaches in 81% of procedures, antegrade dissection and re-entry in 9%, and retrograde approaches in 10%. In-hospital adverse cardiovascular events occurred in 2.3% of cases, with a mortality rate of 0.75%. CONCLUSIONS: CTOs can be treated effectively in Brazil by using PCI, with low complication rates. The scientific and technological development observed in this area in the past decade is reflected in the clinical practice of dedicated Brazilian centers.

FUNDAMENTO: Tem sido observado um grande avanço nas técnicas e nos dispositivos para a realização de intervenções coronárias percutâneas (ICP) em oclusões totais coronarianas crônicas (OTC), mas existem poucos dados da prática do mundo real em países em desenvolvimento. OBJETIVOS: Relatar as características clínicas e angiográficas, os aspectos dos procedimentos e os resultados clínicos da ICP de OTC em centros dedicados a esse procedimento no Brasil. MÉTODOS: Os pacientes incluídos foram submetidos à ICP de OTC em centros participantes do LATAM CTO Registry, um registro multicêntrico latino-americano dedicado à coleta prospectiva desses dados. Os critérios de inclusão foram procedimentos realizados no Brasil, idade acima de 18 anos e presença de OTC com tentativa de ICP. A definição de OTC foi lesão de 100% em uma artéria coronária epicárdica, conhecida ou estimada como tendo pelo menos 3 meses de evolução. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos dados de 1.196 ICPs de OTC. Os procedimentos foram realizados principalmente para controle da angina (85%) e/ou tratamento de uma grande área isquêmica (24%). A taxa de sucesso técnico foi de 84% e foi alcançada com técnicas de fios anterógrados em 81%, dissecção/reentrada anterógrada em 9% e retrógrada em 10% dos procedimentos. Os eventos cardiovasculares adversos intra-hospitalares ocorreram em 2,3% dos casos, sendo a mortalidade de 0,75%. CONCLUSÕES: As OTC podem ser tratadas no Brasil por intervenção coronária percutânea de forma efetiva e com baixas taxas de complicações. O desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico observado nessa área na última década reflete-se na prática clínica de centros brasileiros dedicados a essa técnica.

Panorama das Intervenções Coronárias Percutâneas em Oclusões Totais Crônicas em Centros Participantes do LATAM CTO Registry no Brasil / Overview of Percutaneous Coronary Interventions for Chronic Total Occlusions Treated at Brazilian Centers Participating in the LATAM CTO Registry

Resumo Fundamento Tem sido observado um grande avanço nas técnicas e nos dispositivos para a realização de intervenções coronárias percutâneas (ICP) em oclusões totais coronarianas crônicas (OTC), mas existem poucos dados da prática do mundo real em países em desenvolvimento. Objetivos Relatar as características clínicas e angiográficas, os aspectos dos procedimentos e os resultados clínicos da ICP de OTC em centros dedicados a esse procedimento no Brasil. Métodos Os pacientes incluídos foram submetidos à ICP de OTC em centros participantes do LATAM CTO Registry, um registro multicêntrico latino-americano dedicado à coleta prospectiva desses dados. Os critérios de inclusão foram procedimentos realizados no Brasil, idade acima de 18 anos e presença de OTC com tentativa de ICP. A definição de OTC foi lesão de 100% em uma artéria coronária epicárdica, conhecida ou estimada como tendo pelo menos 3 meses de evolução. Resultados Foram incluídos dados de 1.196 ICPs de OTC. Os procedimentos foram realizados principalmente para controle da angina (85%) e/ou tratamento de uma grande área isquêmica (24%). A taxa de sucesso técnico foi de 84% e foi alcançada com técnicas de fios anterógrados em 81%, dissecção/reentrada anterógrada em 9% e retrógrada em 10% dos procedimentos. Os eventos cardiovasculares adversos intra-hospitalares ocorreram em 2,3% dos casos, sendo a mortalidade de 0,75%. Conclusões As OTC podem ser tratadas no Brasil por intervenção coronária percutânea de forma efetiva e com baixas taxas de complicações. O desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico observado nessa área na última década reflete-se na prática clínica de centros brasileiros dedicados a essa técnica.

Abstract Background Major advances have been seen in techniques and devices for performing percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs) for chronic total occlusions (CTOs), but there are limited real-world practice data from developing countries. Objectives To report clinical and angiographic characteristics, procedural aspects, and clinical outcomes of CTO PCI performed at dedicated centers in Brazil. Methods Included patients underwent CTO PCI at centers participating in the LATAM CTO Registry, a Latin American multicenter registry dedicated to prospective collection of these data. Inclusion criteria were procedures performed in Brazil, age 18 years or over, and presence of CTO with PCI attempt. CTO was defined as a 100% lesion in an epicardial coronary artery, known or estimated to have lasted at least 3 months. Results Data on 1196 CTO PCIs were included. Procedures were performed primarily for angina control (85%) and/or treatment of moderate/severe ischemia (24%). Technical success rate was 84%, being achieved with antegrade wire approaches in 81% of procedures, antegrade dissection and re-entry in 9%, and retrograde approaches in 10%. In-hospital adverse cardiovascular events occurred in 2.3% of cases, with a mortality rate of 0.75%. Conclusions CTOs can be treated effectively in Brazil by using PCI, with low complication rates. The scientific and technological development observed in this area in the past decade is reflected in the clinical practice of dedicated Brazilian centers.

Fluxo fracionado de reserva do miocárdio: bases fisiológicas, aplicações clínicas e limitações / Fractional flow reserve: physiological bases, clinical applications and limitations

A avaliação fisiológica invasiva da circulação coronariana emergiu nos últimos anos como uma abordagem diagnóstica valiosa no manejo de pacientes com síndrome coronariana crônica, contornando limitações importantes como avaliar função a partir da anatomia e a baixa resolução espacial associada à angiografia ou testes não invasivos. O valor das medidas de fluxo hiperêmico para estimar a relevância funcional das estenoses coronárias é suportado por um grande número de estudos. O objetivo do presente artigo é rever as principais bases fisiológicas, aplicações clínicas e limitações do fluxo fracionado de reserva do miocárdio, o principal índice utilizado na avaliação funcional invasiva da circulação coronariana.

Invasive physiological assessment of the coronary circulation has emerged in recent years as a valuable diagnostic approach in the management of patients with chronic coronary syndrome, overcoming important limitations such as evaluating function from the anatomy and the low spatial resolution associated with angiography or non-invasive tests. The value of hyperemic flow measurements to estimate the functional relevance of coronary stenoses is supported by many studies. The aim of this paper is to review the physiological bases, clinical applications and limitations of myocardial fractional flow reserve, the main index used in the invasive functional assessment of the coronary circulation.

TIger II vs JUdkins Catheters for Transradial Coronary Angiography (TIJUCA Study): A Randomized Controlled Trial of Radiation Exposure.

BACKGROUND: In high-expertise transradial (TR) centers, the radiation exposure to patients during coronary angiography (CAG) is equivalent to transfemoral use. However, there is no definitive information during TR-CAG regarding the use of a single, dedicated catheter to impart less radiation exposure to patients. OBJECTIVE: We compare the radiation exposure to patients during right TR-CAG with Tiger II catheter (Terumo Interventional Systems) vs Judkins right (JR) 4.0/Judkins left (JL) 3.5 catheters (Cordis Corporation). METHODS: This multicenter, randomized, and prospective trial included 180 patients submitted to right TR-CAG, with the primary objective of observing radiation exposure to patients through the measurement of fluoroscopy time, air kerma (AK), and dose-area product (DAP) using Tiger II (group 1) vs JR 4.0 and JL 3.5 Judkins catheters (group 2). Secondary outcomes included contrast volume usage and the need to use additional catheters to complete the procedure (the crossover technique). RESULTS: Group 1 demonstrated reduced fluoroscopy time (2.47 ± 1.05 minutes in group 1 vs 2.68 ± 1.26 minutes in group 2; P=.01) and non-significant reduction of AK (540.9 ± 225.3 mGy in group 1 vs 577.9 ± 240.1 mGy in group 2; P=.34) and DAP (3786.7 ± 1731.7 µGy•m² in group 1 vs 4058.0 ± 1735.4 µGy•m² in group 2; P=.12). Contrast volume usage (53.46 ± 10.09 mL in group 1 vs 55.98 ± 10.43 mL in group 2; P=.13) and the need for additional catheters (5.56% in group 1 vs 4.44% in group 2; P>.99) were similar between groups. CONCLUSION: The Tiger II catheter was able to reduce radiation exposure to patients submitted to TR-CAG through a significant reduction in fluoroscopy time.

Effect of Discontinuing vs Continuing Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers on Days Alive and Out of the Hospital in Patients Admitted With COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: It is unknown whether angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) have a positive, neutral, or negative effect on clinical outcomes in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Objective: To determine whether discontinuation compared with continuation of ACEIs or ARBs changed the number of days alive and out of the hospital through 30 days. Design, Setting, and Participants: A randomized clinical trial of 659 patients hospitalized in Brazil with mild to moderate COVID-19 who were taking ACEIs or ARBs prior to hospitalization (enrolled: April 9-June 26, 2020; final follow-up: July 26, 2020). Interventions: Discontinuation (n = 334) or continuation (n = 325) of ACEIs or ARBs. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was the number of days alive and out of the hospital through 30 days. Secondary outcomes included death, cardiovascular death, and COVID-19 progression. Results: Among 659 patients, the median age was 55.1 years (interquartile range [IQR], 46.1-65.0 years), 14.7% were aged 70 years or older, 40.4% were women, and 100% completed the trial. The median time from symptom onset to hospital admission was 6 days (IQR, 4-9 days) and 27.2% of patients had an oxygen saturation of less than 94% of room air at baseline. In terms of clinical severity, 57.1% of patients were considered mild at hospital admission and 42.9% were considered moderate. There was no significant difference in the number of days alive and out of the hospital in patients in the discontinuation group (mean, 21.9 days [SD, 8 days]) vs patients in the continuation group (mean, 22.9 days [SD, 7.1 days]) and the mean ratio was 0.95 (95% CI, 0.90-1.01). There also was no statistically significant difference in death (2.7% for the discontinuation group vs 2.8% for the continuation group; odds ratio [OR], 0.97 [95% CI, 0.38-2.52]), cardiovascular death (0.6% vs 0.3%, respectively; OR, 1.95 [95% CI, 0.19-42.12]), or COVID-19 progression (38.3% vs 32.3%; OR, 1.30 [95% CI, 0.95-1.80]). The most common adverse events were respiratory failure requiring invasive mechanical ventilation (9.6% in the discontinuation group vs 7.7% in the continuation group), shock requiring vasopressors (8.4% vs 7.1%, respectively), acute myocardial infarction (7.5% vs 4.6%), new or worsening heart failure (4.2% vs 4.9%), and acute kidney failure requiring hemodialysis (3.3% vs 2.8%). Conclusions and Relevance: Among patients hospitalized with mild to moderate COVID-19 and who were taking ACEIs or ARBs before hospital admission, there was no significant difference in the mean number of days alive and out of the hospital for those assigned to discontinue vs continue these medications. These findings do not support routinely discontinuing ACEIs or ARBs among patients hospitalized with mild to moderate COVID-19 if there is an indication for treatment. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04364893.

Vascular Closure Devices Attenuate Femoral Access Complications of Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

OBJECTIVES: To compare severe complications related to radial access and those related to femoral access using vascular closure devices for patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). BACKGROUND: Femoral artery access is still used for acute myocardial infarction management; studies comparing state-of-the-art radial and femoral techniques are required to minimize bias regarding the outcomes associated with operator preferences. METHODS: We performed a randomized study comparing radial access with a compression device and anatomic landmark-guided femoral access with a hemostatic vascular closure device. The severe complication rates related to the access site were assessed until hospital discharge. A meta- analysis including studies with comparable populations reporting severe bleeding and major adverse cardiovascular event rates was performed. RESULTS: A total of 250 patients were included who underwent PCI between January 2016 and February 2019. Mean age was 61.5 ± 12.2 years, 73.2% were men, and 28.4% had diabetes. There were no differences between groups or in vascular access-related severe complication rates (8.0% for femoral group vs 5.6% for radial group; P=.45). Although radial access was associated with decreased vascular complications related to the access site when compared with the femoral approach (relative risk [RR], 0.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.43-0.95), the meta-analysis did not show an impact on severe bleeding (RR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.37-1.46) or severe cardiovascular adverse events (RR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.30-1.58). CONCLUSIONS: Compliance with femoral artery puncture techniques and routine use of a vascular closure device promoted low severe complication rates.

Takotsubo Multicenter Registry (REMUTA) - Clinical Aspects, In-Hospital Outcomes, and Long-Term Mortality. / Registro Multicêntrico de Takotsubo (REMUTA) ­ Aspectos Clínicos, Desfechos Intra-Hospitalares e Mortalidade a Longo Prazo.

BACKGROUND: Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) is an acquired form of cardiomyopathy. National Brazilian data on this condition are scarce. The Takotsubo Multicenter Registry (REMUTA) is the first to include multicenter data on this condition in Brazil. OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical characteristics, prognosis, in-hospital treatment, in-hospital mortality, and mortality during 1 year of follow-up. METHODS: This is an observational, retrospective registry study including patients admitted to the hospital with diagnosis of TTS and patients admitted for other reasons who developed this condition. Evaluated outcomes included triggering factor, analysis of exams, use of medications, complications, in-hospital mortality, and mortality during 1 year of follow-up. A significance level of 5% was adopted. RESULTS: The registry included 169 patients from 12 centers in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Mean age was 70.9 ± 14.1 years, and 90.5% of patients were female; 63% of cases were primary TTS, and 37% were secondary. Troponin I was positive in 92.5% of patients, and median BNP was 395 (176.5; 1725). ST-segment elevation was present in 28% of patients. Median left ventricular ejection fraction was 40 (35; 48)%. We observed invasive mechanical ventilation in 25.7% of cases and shock in 17.4%. Mechanical circulatory support was used in 7.7%. In-hospital mortality was 10.6%, and mortality at 1 year of follow-up was 16.5%. Secondary TTS and cardiogenic shock were independent predictors of mortality. CONCLUSION: The results of the REMUTA show that TTS is not a benign pathology, as was once thought, especially regarding the secondary TTS group, which has a high rate of complications and mortality. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 115(2):207-216).

FUNDAMENTO: A síndrome de takotsubo (takotsubo) é uma forma de cardiomiopatia adquirida. Dados nacionais sobre essa condição são escassos. O Registro REMUTA é o primeiro a incluir dados multicêntricos dessa condição no nosso país. OBJETIVO: Descrever as características clínicas, prognóstico, tratamento intra-hospitalar e mortalidade hospitalar e em 1 ano de seguimento. MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional, retrospectivo, tipo registro. Incluídos pacientes internados com diagnóstico de takotsubo ou que desenvolveram esta condição durante internação por outra causa. Os desfechos avaliados incluíram fator desencadeador, análise dos exames, uso de medicações, complicações e óbito intra-hospitalar e em 1 ano de seguimento. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 169 pacientes, em 12 centros no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. A idade média foi de 70,9 ± 14,1 anos e 90,5% eram do sexo feminino; 63% dos casos foram de takotsubo primário e 37% secundário. Troponina I foi positiva em 92,5% dos pacientes e a mediana de BNP foi de 395 (176,5; 1725). Supradesnivelamento do segmento ST esteve presente em 28% dos pacientes. A fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo teve mediana de 40 (35; 48)%. Observamos taxa de 25,7% de ventilação mecânica invasiva e 17,4% de choque. Suporte circulatório mecânico foi utilizado em 7,7%. A mortalidade intra-hospitalar foi de 10,6% e a mortalidade ao final de 1 ano foi de 16,5%. Takotsubo secundário e choque cardiogênico foram preditores independentes de mortalidade. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados do REMUTA mostram que takotsubo não se trata de patologia benigna como se pensava, especialmente no grupo de takotsubo secundário que acarreta elevada taxa de complicações e de mortalidade. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 115(2):207-216).

Registro Multicêntrico de Takotsubo (REMUTA) - Aspectos Clínicos, Desfechos Intra-Hospitalares e Mortalidade a Longo Prazo / Takotsubo Multicenter Registry (REMUTA) - Clinical Aspects, In-Hospital Outcomes, and Long-Term Mortality

Resumo Fundamento A síndrome de takotsubo (takotsubo) é uma forma de cardiomiopatia adquirida. Dados nacionais sobre essa condição são escassos. O Registro REMUTA é o primeiro a incluir dados multicêntricos dessa condição no nosso país. Objetivo Descrever as características clínicas, prognóstico, tratamento intra-hospitalar e mortalidade hospitalar e em 1 ano de seguimento. Métodos Estudo observacional, retrospectivo, tipo registro. Incluídos pacientes internados com diagnóstico de takotsubo ou que desenvolveram esta condição durante internação por outra causa. Os desfechos avaliados incluíram fator desencadeador, análise dos exames, uso de medicações, complicações e óbito intra-hospitalar e em 1 ano de seguimento. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Resultados Foram incluídos 169 pacientes, em 12 centros no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. A idade média foi de 70,9 ± 14,1 anos e 90,5% eram do sexo feminino; 63% dos casos foram de takotsubo primário e 37% secundário. Troponina I foi positiva em 92,5% dos pacientes e a mediana de BNP foi de 395 (176,5; 1725). Supradesnivelamento do segmento ST esteve presente em 28% dos pacientes. A fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo teve mediana de 40 (35; 48)%. Observamos taxa de 25,7% de ventilação mecânica invasiva e 17,4% de choque. Suporte circulatório mecânico foi utilizado em 7,7%. A mortalidade intra-hospitalar foi de 10,6% e a mortalidade ao final de 1 ano foi de 16,5%. Takotsubo secundário e choque cardiogênico foram preditores independentes de mortalidade. Conclusão Os resultados do REMUTA mostram que takotsubo não se trata de patologia benigna como se pensava, especialmente no grupo de takotsubo secundário que acarreta elevada taxa de complicações e de mortalidade. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 115(2):207-216)

Abstract Background Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) is an acquired form of cardiomyopathy. National Brazilian data on this condition are scarce. The Takotsubo Multicenter Registry (REMUTA) is the first to include multicenter data on this condition in Brazil. Objective To describe the clinical characteristics, prognosis, in-hospital treatment, in-hospital mortality, and mortality during 1 year of follow-up. Methods This is an observational, retrospective registry study including patients admitted to the hospital with diagnosis of TTS and patients admitted for other reasons who developed this condition. Evaluated outcomes included triggering factor, analysis of exams, use of medications, complications, in-hospital mortality, and mortality during 1 year of follow-up. A significance level of 5% was adopted. Results The registry included 169 patients from 12 centers in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Mean age was 70.9 ± 14.1 years, and 90.5% of patients were female; 63% of cases were primary TTS, and 37% were secondary. Troponin I was positive in 92.5% of patients, and median BNP was 395 (176.5; 1725). ST-segment elevation was present in 28% of patients. Median left ventricular ejection fraction was 40 (35; 48)%. We observed invasive mechanical ventilation in 25.7% of cases and shock in 17.4%. Mechanical circulatory support was used in 7.7%. In-hospital mortality was 10.6%, and mortality at 1 year of follow-up was 16.5%. Secondary TTS and cardiogenic shock were independent predictors of mortality. Conclusion The results of the REMUTA show that TTS is not a benign pathology, as was once thought, especially regarding the secondary TTS group, which has a high rate of complications and mortality. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 115(2):207-216)

Chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention in Latin America.

OBJECTIVES: To report clinical, angiographic characteristics, outcomes, and predictors of unsuccessful procedures in patients who underwent chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) in Latin America. BACKGROUND: CTO PCI has been increasingly performed worldwide, but there is a lack of information in this region. METHODS: An international multicenter registry was developed to collect data on CTO PCI performed in centers in Latin America. Patient, angiographic, procedural and outcome data were evaluated. Predictors of unsuccessful procedures were assessed by multivariable analysis. RESULTS: We have included data related to 1,040 CTO PCIs performed in seven countries in Latin America (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, and Puerto Rico). The mean age was 64 ± 10 years, and CTO PCI was performed mainly for angina control (81%) or treatment of a large ischemic area (30%). Overall technical success rate was 82.5%, and it was achieved with antegrade wire escalation in 81%, antegrade dissection/re-entry in 8% and with retrograde techniques in 11% of the successful procedures. Multivariable analysis identified moderate/severe calcification, a blunt proximal cap and a previous attempt as independent predictors of unsuccessful procedures. In-hospital major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) occurred in 3.1% of the cases, death in 1% and cardiac tamponade in 0.9% CONCLUSIONS: CTO PCI in Latin America has been performed mainly for ischemia relief. Procedures were associated with a success rate above 80% and low incidence of MACE. Predictors of unsuccessful procedures were similar to those previously reported in the literature.

Correlação de diferentes métodos de imagem em pacientes submetidos a angioplastia com stent dedicado para bifurcação / Correlation of different imaging methods in patients undergoing dedicated bifurcation stent angioplasty

INTRODUÇÃO: Cerca de 20% das intervenções percutâneas envolvem bifurcação, sendo um assunto de interesse devido a menor taxa de sucesso do procedimento (< 90%) e taxas relativamente elevadas de recorrências no seguimento tardio. A compreensão dos mecanismos de falência são fundamentais para o aprimoramento da intervenção coronária percutânea (ICP). Os métodos de imagem invasivos como ultrassom intracoronário (USIC) e tomografia de coerência ótica (TCO) são utilizados para avaliar a eficácia e segurança tardia de dispositivos coronários. O nosso objetivo foi avaliar a correlação destes métodos à angiografia coronária quantitativa (ACQ) em lesões de bifurcação coronária tratadas com stents dedicados a bifurcação. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo, não-randomizado, de braço único, envolvendo um centro clinico que avaliou a correlação entre diferentes métodos de avaliação de imagem (ACQ, USIC e TCO) na avaliação tardia (9 meses) de pacientes com lesões de bifurcação tratados com o stent farmacológico liberador de sirolimus dedicado BiOSS. Foram incluídos 35 pacientes (36 lesões) tratadas entre Jan/16 a Fev/17. RESULTADOS: A maior parte das lesões (69%) envolveram bifurcação na artéria descendente anterior. Em relação ao envolvimento dos segmentos da bifurcação, 42.2% foram classificadas como lesões verdadeiras (Medina 111 11.1%, 011 22.8%, e 101 8.3%). Em relação a técnica de tratamento, a estratégia provisional foi planejada na totalidade dos casos, sendo necessário o implante de stent no ramo lateral em 25% dos casos. No reestudo protocolar aos 9 meses, realizado em 100% dos casos, a perda tardia do lumen (PTL) no vaso principal e no ramo lateral foram, respectivamente, 0,29 mm e 0,18 mm. Considerando os subsegmentos intra-stent proximal, carina e intra-stent distal no vaso principal, a PTL foi 0,23 mm, 0,29 mm e 0,33 mm, respectivamente; ja a área mínima do lúmen (AML) pelo TCO e USIC foram, respectivamente, 8,60 mm2 e 5,68 mm2, 8,18 mm2 e 5,32 mm2, e 6,29 mm2 e 3,99 mm2. Pelo método de Pearson, a TCO e o USIC demonstraram elevada correlação para as medidas de AML (r = 0,75; p < 0,05) no segmento intra-stent e área mínima do stent (r = 0,79). Já a ACQ não demonstrou correlação significativa com os métodos invasivos. CONCLUSÕES: Nesta investigação, os métodos de imagem invasivos (TCO e USIC) demonstraram alta correlação em termos de AML e área mínima do stent em lesões de bifurcação tratadas com stent farmacológico dedicado. (AU)

Estratégia minimamente invasiva para o implante percutâneo de bioprótese aórtica de segunda geração Lotus™ / Minimally-invasive strategy for transcatheter implantation of second-generation Lotus™ aortic valve system

O implante percutâneo de bioprótese aórtica é a terapia estabelecida em pacientes com estenose aórtica grave. Houve um progressivo aperfeiçoamento na tecnologia dos dispositivos que, associada a maior experiência dos operadores, resultou em procedimentos mais seguros e com melhores resultados. O primeiro dispositivo de segunda geração aprovado no Brasil, o sistema de válvula Lotus™ (Boston Scientific Corporation, Natick, EUA), incorpora várias dessas novas características. Descrevemos aqui os dois primeiros casos realizados no país, conduzidos sob anestesia local e sedação consciente, ambos com sucesso

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation is a well-established therapy in patients with severe aortic stenosis. There has been a progressive improvement in device technology associated with increased experience of the interventionists, resulting in safer procedures with better outcomes. The first secondgeneration device approved in Brazil, Lotus™ Valve System (Boston Scientific Corporation, Natick, USA), incorporates several of these new characteristics. This report describes the first two cases, both successfully performed in the country, carried out under local anesthesia and conscious sedation

Acesso Radial vs. Acesso Femoral em Pacientes com Idade Avançada Submetidos à Intervenção Coronária Percutânea / Acesso Radial vs. Femoral Artery Access in Elderly Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Introdução: Estudos demonstram que o acesso via artéria radial diminui o risco de complicações vasculares e hemorrágicas associadas à intervenção coronária percutânea. Nosso objetivo foi avaliar os resultados hospitalares da utilização da via radial em pacientes idosos submetidos à intervenção coronária percutânea. Métodos: Registro prospectivo, que incluiu pacientes ≥ 70 anos, tendo sido comparados os desfechos de segurança e de eficácia entre os grupos tratados pelas vias radial e femoral. Resultados: Incluímos 225 pacientes, sendo 117 (52%) tratados por via radial e 108 por via femoral. À exceção da idade, as demais características clínicas não mostraram diferenças entre os grupos. Predominaram os pacientes do sexo masculino (60%), 36,7% eram diabéticos e mais de um terço foi tratado na vigência de quadro de síndrome coronária aguda. As variáveis angiográficas e do procedimento não mostraram diferenças entre os grupos. Na comparação das taxas de complicações vasculares, somente os hematomas < 5 cm (5,1% vs. 17,6%; p < 0,01) foram mais prevalentes no acesso femoral. Sangramentos maiores, pelo critério ACUITY (zero vs. 5,6%; p = 0,01), e menores, pelo critério TIMI (zero vs. 7,4%; p < 0,01), também foram mais frequentes no grupo femoral. Os desfechos clínicos hospitalares óbito (0,9% vs. 5,6%; p = 0,06) e infarto não fatal (zero vs. 3,7%; p = 0,05) incidiram mais frequentemente nos pacientes tratados por via femoral. Conclusões: Em uma população não selecionada de pacientes com idade ≥ 70 anos, a intervenção coronária percutânea por via radial esteve associada à menor incidência de desfechos clínicos hospitalares...

Background: Studies demonstrate that radial artery access reduces the risk of vascular and bleeding complications associated to percutaneous coronary intervention. Our objective was to evaluate in-hospital results of the transradial approach in elderly patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Methods: Prospective registry including patient's ≥ 70 years of age; safety and efficacy endpoints were compared for the radial and femoral artery access groups. Results: We included 255 patients, 117 (52%) treated using the radial approach and 108 using the femoral approach. Except for age, the remaining clinical characteristics did not show differences between groups. Male patients prevailed (60%), 36.7% were diabetic and over one third were diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome. Angiographic and procedure-related variables did not show differences between groups. When vascular complication rates were compared only hematomas < 5 cm (5.1% vs. 17.6%; p < 0.01) were more prevalent with the femoral access. Major bleedings, according to the ACUITY criteria (zero vs. 5.6%; p = 0.01) and minor bleedings, according to the TIMI criteria (zero vs. 7.4%; p < 0.01), were also more frequent in the femoral group. In-hospital clinical endpoints, death (0.9% vs. 5.6%; p = 0.06) and non-fatal infarction (zero vs. 3.7%; p = 0.05) were more frequent in patients treated by the femoral access. Conclusions: In a non-selected patient population ≥ 70 years of age, percutaneous coronary intervention by radial access was associated to a lower incidence of in-hospital clinical endpoints, especially of bleeding events related to the vascular access route...

Valvotomia mitral percutânea: quarta dilatação / Percutaneous mitral valvotomy: fourth dilatation

Paciente do sexo feminino, 37 anos, portadora de estenose mitral de etiologia reumática, submetida, com sucesso, a valvotomia mitral percutânea em 1996, 2000 e 2005. Após 41 meses do terceiro procedimento, além de episódios de fibrilação atrial paroxística, voltou a apresentar dispneia aos moderados esforços. O estudo ecocardiográfico demonstrou gradiente transvalvar médio de 8 mmHg, pressão sistólica da artéria pulmonar de 55 mmHg, área valvar mitral de 1 cm² e escore de Wilkins de 10 pontos. Em decorrência da evidência de reestenose clínica e ecocardiográfica, indicou-se novo procedimento percutâneo, realizado sem intercorrências, porém obtendo-se resultado subótimo.

Thirty-seven-year-old female, previously diagnosed with mitral valve stenosis due to rheumatic fever, who had successfully undergone percutaneous mitral valvotomy in 1996, 2000 and 2005. Forty-one months after the thirdprocedure, in addition to episodes of paroxystic atrial fibrillation, the patient had dyspnea after ordinary exertion.Echocardiographic evaluation revealed a mean transvalvular gradient of 8 mmHg, pulmonary artery systolic pressure of 55 mmHg, a mitral valve area of 1 cm², and a Wilkins score of 10 points. With the evidence of clinical and echocardiographicmitral restenosis, a new percutaneous procedure was performed, with no periprocedural complications, however, achieving suboptimal outcome.