RESUMO
Background: Cancer and fibroadenoma are the most common breast tumors in women of reproductive age. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and the nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB) transcription factor play an important role in the inflammatory process and in cell proliferation. However, few studies have analyzed these markers in breast cancer and fibroadenoma in women of reproductive age. Results: Light microscopy showed a higher concentration of anti-Nrf2 and anti-NF-κB-stained nuclei in breast cancer than in fibroadenoma. The mean percentage of stained nuclei for Nrf2 was 7.12 ± 5.2 and 43.21 ± 19.83 in the control and study groups, respectively (p < 0.0001). The mean percentage of anti-NF-κB was 10.75 ± 7.09 and 56.14 ± 21.19 (mean ± standard deviation) in the control and study groups, respectively (p < 0.0001). Histological grade 3 tumors showed a significantly higher expression of Nrf2 and NF-κB than grade 1 tumors (p < 0.05). Material and methods: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Federal University of Piaui and all patients assigned an inform consent term prior to the study initiation. Nrf2 and NF-κB expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 66 patients, divided into two groups, control (fibroadenoma, n = 36) and study (cancer, n = 30). The data were analyzed using ANOVA test and the statistical significance was established at p < 0.05. Conclusion: Nrf2 and NF-κB expression was significantly higher in breast cancer than in fibroadenoma, in addition to having a greater association with more aggressive tumors.
RESUMO
The non-melanoma skin cancer is the most common cancer and accounts for more than half of the diagnoses of cancer, and basal cell carcinoma (BCC), the most frequent cutaneous neoplasm, corresponding to 70-80% of cutaneous tumors. Oxidative stress is an important trigger for skin carcinogenesis. Thus, it is important to evaluate oxidative stress, in order to discern effective therapeutic strategies able to stop it or attenuate it, thereby prevent the installation of non-melanoma skin cancer. Cross-sectional study with controls, involving 84 individuals of both sexes aged between 38-84 years, divided into two groups: control group of healthy people(n = 24) and the case group included individuals who presented non-melanoma skin and they have undergoing surgery (n = 60). The blood samples of the individuals were obtained for evaluation of biomarkers of oxidative stress (F2-isoprostane, nitrite, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and total antioxidant capacity). The usual dietary intake and nutritional status of the subjects were evaluated. The significance level for this study was 5%. Patients in the case group had higher serum concentrations of biomarkers of oxidative stress, F2-isoprostane concentrations were significantly higher compared to controls. The results showed high rates of overweight and obesity in the case and control groups. The dietary concentrations of antioxidant minerals zinc, copper and selenium in the case group were significantly lower compared to controls. The correlation between markers of oxidative stress and dietary concentrations of antioxidant nutrients showed the influence of food intake of vitamins A and E in reducing oxidative stress, since these nutrients behave as important antioxidants, acting as sweepers of RL, by removing of the body the negative effects on the redox balance of the skin. We emphasize the importance of adopting healthy eating habits that optimize the consumption of antioxidant nutrients as a strategy to prevent oxidative damage to the skin.
El cáncer de piel no melanoma es el cáncer más común y representa más de la mitad de los diagnósticos de cáncer, y el carcinoma de células basales (BCC), la neoplasia cutánea más frecuente, representando el 70-80% de los tumores cutáneos. El estrés oxidativo es un disparador importante en la carcinogénesis de la piel. Por lo tanto, es importante para evaluar el estrés oxidativo, con el fin de prever y estrategias terapéuticas eficaces capaces de detener o mitigar ella, para evitar de este modo la instalación de cáncer de piel no melanoma. Estudio transversal con los controles, con la participación de 84 sujetos de ambos sexos con edades comprendidas entre 38 a 84 años, divididos en dos grupos: grupo control de sujetos sanos (n = 24) personas y el grupo de casos incluyeron los individuos que presentaron para el cáncer de piel no melanoma tiene someterse a la cirugía (n = 60). Las muestras de sangre de los sujetos fueron obtenidos para la evaluación de los biomarcadores de estrés oxidativo (F2-isoprostano, nitritos, sustancias reactivas al ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS) y capacidad antioxidante total). Se evaluó la ingesta dietética habitual y el estado nutricional de los sujetos. El nivel de significación para este estudio fue de 5%. Los pacientes en el grupo de casos tenían mayores concentraciones séricas de biomarcadores de estrés oxidativo, las concentraciones de F2-isoprostano fueron significativamente mayor en comparación con los controles. Los resultados mostraron altas tasas de sobrepeso y obesidad en los grupos de casos y controles. Las concentraciones dietéticas de antioxidante minerales de zinc, cobre y selenio en el grupo de casos fueron significativamente más bajos en comparación con los controles. La correlación entre los marcadores de estrés oxidativo y las concentraciones dietéticas de nutrientes antioxidantes destacó la influencia de la ingesta de alimentos de vitaminas A y E en la reducción del estrés oxidativo, ya que estos nutrientes se comportan como antioxidantes importantes, actuando como barrenderos RL, el cuerpo se deshaga de estos efectos negativos sobre el equilibrio redox de la piel. Hacemos hincapié en la importancia de adoptar hábitos de alimentación saludables que optimizan el consumo de nutrientes antioxidantes como estrategia para prevenir el daño oxidativo de la piel.
