RESUMO
Background: Atherosclerosis risk factors can have different impacts on cardiovascular diseases and on the anatomical distribution of Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD). Objectives: To study the influence of atherosclerosis risk factors on the anatomical distribution of PAD in patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI). Methods: We performed an observational, cross-sectional, and analytical study that included 476 hospitalized patients with CLTI due to PAD. We compared the presence of atherosclerosis risk factors (age, gender, diabetes mellitus, smoking, and hypertension) in patients with PAD involving three different anatomic areas (aortoiliac, femoropopliteal, and infrapopliteal). Multivariate analysis was performed to identify associations between atherosclerosis risk factors and PAD distribution. Results: The mean age of the 476 patients was 69 years, 249 (52%) were men, and 273 (57%) had diabetes. Seventy-four percent (353) had minor tissue loss. Multivariate analysis identified three risk factors associated with PAD anatomical distribution (gender, smoking, and DM). Women had a 2.7 (CI: 1.75-4.26) times greater chance of having femoropopliteal disease. Smokers had a 3.6-fold (CI: 1.54-8.30) greater risk of aortoiliac disease. Diabetic patients were 1.8 (CI: 1.04-3.19) times more likely to have isolated infrapopliteal occlusive disease. Conclusions: The study showed that gender, DM, and smoking impact on the anatomical distribution of PAD in patients with CLTI. Diabetic patients were more likely to have only infrapopliteal disease, women had a greater risk of femoropopliteal PAD, and smokers had a greater risk of aortoiliac occlusive disease.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Deep infections of the extremities are a challenge that threaten limb salvage. OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether the results of bone and deep tissue cultures from patients with trophic limb ulcers coincide. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted with data from 54 patients with deep trophic limb ulcers admitted to the Complexo Hospitalar Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Salvador (BA), Brazil. The study analyzed all patients for whom cultures of material from foot wounds in patients with tissue loss had been performed using two specimen types: bone and fragments of deep tendon. The study analyzed concordance between the two sample types and total number of microorganisms and numbers of microorganisms by Gram staining in both samples. RESULTS: The mean age of the 54 patients in the sample was 63.6 years, 80% had PAOD, 70% were diabetic, and 72% were hypertensive. Analysis of the cultures showed that 28 (52%) pairs of samples from the 54 patients exhibited complete concordance, with the same microorganisms grown from fragments of deep tendon and bone. There was partial disagreement in 13 samples (24%) and total disagreement in 13 (24%). On average, 1.62 microorganisms were isolated from deep tendon fragments and 1.72 were isolated from bone samples. Analyzing Gram-positive microorganisms separately, the mean number of species grown was 0.48 for tendon cultures and 0.44 for bone cultures. In contrast, the mean number of Gram-negative microorganisms isolated was 1.14 for tendon samples and 1.27 for bone samples. CONCLUSIONS: Around half of the patients with foot tissue loss had bone and tendon cultures that coincided exactly.