Central Giant Cell Granuloma in the Mandibular Condyle in a Teenager. A Case Report with Literature Review.

Central giant cell granulomas (CGCG) are not common in the mandibular condyle. In teenagers, the problem is more complex because of difficulties in diagnosis and treatment involving the potential growth of the mandibular process and development of the face. In this short communication a case is presented of an eleven-year-old female under diagnosis of central giant cell granuloma affecting the mandibular condyle treated surgically in two steps using a condylectomy and vertical ramus osteotomy at the first time and later orthognathic surgery, showing the clinical evolution after 13 years of follow-up. In addition, we performed a review of the scientific reports related to CGCG in the mandibular condyle to compare this treatment with others, in terms of follow-up and results. We concluded that the CGCG affecting the mandibular head can be properly treated with low condilectomy, vertical mandibular ramus sliding osteotomy, and discopexy.

Pattern and treatment of mandible body fracture.

The aim of this research was to study of treatment of mandibular body fractures (MBF). A retrospective study of 66 patients with mandibular body fracture was realized with subjects was present clinical and image diagnosis;were analyzed socio-demographic variables, etiology, sign and symptoms of fracture, type of treatment and complications. Was executed a statistical and descriptive analysis with Chi-square with statistical significance with p<0.05. The average age was 34 year with 55 male patient; the more common etiology were physical violence and motorcycle accident. The 45.5% present only MBF; patients with multiple fractures show clinical relations between MBF and contra lateral mandibular angle fracture; 54 patients were treated with open reduction without statistical relations with symptoms (p=0.244) or displacement of fracture (p=0.309); the 54.2% of surgical cases present an extraoral approach, using the intraoral approach when the fracture present poor displacement (p=0.0074); the complications more common were suture dehiscence and infections of surgical site. We conclude that the initial choose of treatment was not related to variables analyzed; when exist a minor displacement of MBF can be indicated an intraoral approach for reduction and fixation technique.

Treatment of mandibular glandular odontogenic cyst with immediate reconstruction: case report and 5-year follow-up.

Glandular odontogenic cysts of the jaw are rare with unusual histopathological features, well-defined limits, and a high recurrence rate when treated conservatively. We describe a 37-year-old white man with such a cyst of the right mandible that was resected, and at follow-up 5 years later there were no signs of recurrence.

Treating oral histoplasmosis in an immunocompetent patient.

BACKGROUND: Histoplasmosis is a deep fungus infection that occurs worldwide and is caused by Histoplasma capsulatum. Oral histoplasmosis has been of considerable importance in recent years because it occurs frequently in immunosuppressed patients, more often in those who test positive for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, the literature contains reports of histoplasmosis in immunocompetent patients, especially in endemic areas. CASE DESCRIPTION: The authors describe a case of an HIV-negative, immunocompetent 60-year-old man with ulcerative and painful oral lesions. The clinician included squamous cell carcinoma and systemic mycosis in the differential diagnosis. After the patient underwent a biopsy and a definitive diagnosis was reached, his initial treatment regimen included itraconazole (200 milligrams per day for one month), nystatin and chlorhexidine mouthrinse (0.12 percent, 10 milliliters, two times a day). The itraconazole treatment was continued for three more months (100 mg daily) until the lesions had resolved completely. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Clinicians need to conduct a careful clinical evaluation and make an accurate diagnosis of ulcerated oral lesions. Knowledge of the oral manifestations of histoplasmosis may enable clinicians to reach a diagnosis earlier and initiate therapy more quickly.

Development of the osteoblastic phenotype in human alveolar bone-derived cells grown on a collagen type I-coated titanium surface.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the development of the osteoblastic phenotype in human alveolar bone-derived cells grown on collagen type I-coated titanium (Ti) surface (Col-Ti) obtained by plasma deposition acrylic acid grafting compared with machined Ti (M-Ti). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Osteoblastic cells were cultured until subconfluence and subcultured on Col-Ti and M-Ti for periods of up to 21 days. RESULTS: Cultures grown on Col-Ti and M-Ti exhibited similar cell morphology. Cell adhesion, total protein content, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were not affected by Ti surface modification in all evaluated periods. Growth analyses indicated that there were significantly more cells in cultures grown on Col-Ti at day 3. Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), osteopontin (OPN), and osteoprotegerin (OPG) mRNA expression of cells subcultured on Col-Ti was higher, whereas collagen type I (COL) was lower compared with M-Ti. Ti surface modification neither affected the osteocalcin (OC), ALP and receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL) mRNA expression nor the calcium content extracted from mineralized matrix. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrated that Col-Ti favours cell growth during the proliferative phase (day 3) and osteoblastic differentiation, as demonstrated by changes in mRNA expression profile during the matrix mineralization phase (day 14), suggesting that this Ti surface modification may affect the processes of bone healing and remodelling.