RESUMO
PURPOSE: This prospective study aimed to detect and identify plasma proteins differentially expressed between groups of Brazilian diagnosed with type 1 (T1DM), type 2 (T2DM) diabetes with good and poor glycemic control and the non-diabetic group denominated control group (CG). METHODS: Patients with T1DM and T2DM were subdivided according to their glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) level: ≥ 53 mmol/mol and < 53 mmol/mol. Each subgroup was composed of ten subjects (n = 10). The plasma from each subgroup was pooled and depleted of albumin and IgG. The reminiscent proteins were quantified and separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The relative volume of protein bands was determined by densitometry analysis, and those with differential abundance were identified by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. RESULTS: Alpha 2 - Macroglobulin (AMG) was 1.3-fold more abundant in T1DM with HbA1c ≥ 53 mmol/mol and < 53 mmol/mol and 1.4-fold more abundant in T2DM with HbA1c ≥ 53 mmol/mol compared to CG. Ceruloplasmin (Cp) and Haptoglobin (Hp) were overexpressed above 1.5-fold in all DM subgroups. Cp in T1DM and Hp in both types of DM were more expressed in HbA1c ≥ 53 mmol/mol than <53 mmol/mol. Apolipoprotein A-I (Apo A-I) was upregulated only in T2DM subgroups. CONCLUSION: In summary, three positive acute-phase proteins, AMG, Cp and Hp were more abundant in diabetic individuals regardless of the diabetes type. The highest Hp abundance in both types of DM with HbA1c ≥ 53 mmol/mol, reinforces Hp as a possible biomarker associated with diabetic complications.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/genética , Proteína Tirosina Fosfatase não Receptora Tipo 22/genética , Adolescente , Alelos , Brasil , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Estudos de Associação Genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Variação Genética , Humanos , Masculino , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único/genética , Proteína Tirosina Fosfatase não Receptora Tipo 22/metabolismo , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Diabetes mellitus is a public health problem, which affects a millions worldwide. Most diabetes cases are classified as type 2 diabetes mellitus, which is highly associated with obesity. Type 2 diabetes is considered a multifactorial disorder, with both environmental and genetic factors contributing to its development. An important issue linked with diabetes development is the failure of the insulin releasing mechanism involving abnormal activity of the ATP-dependent potassium channel, KATP. This channel is a transmembrane protein encoded by the KCNJ11 and ABCC8 genes. Furthermore, polymorphisms in these genes have been linked to type 2 diabetes because of the role of KATP in insulin release. While several genetic variations have been reported to be associated with this disease, the E23K polymorphism is most commonly associated with this pathology, as well as to obesity. Here, we review the molecular genetics of the potassium channel and discusses its most described polymorphisms and their associations with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
