Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 6 de 6
Filtrar
Mais filtros








Intervalo de ano de publicação
1.
Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz ; 119: e230181, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38324880

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: In Brazil, transmission of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis has expanded geographically over the last decades, with both clinical forms occurring simultaneously in the same area. OBJECTIVES: This study characterised the clinical, spatial, and temporal distribution, and performed entomological surveillance and natural infection analysis of a leishmaniasis-endemic area. METHODS: In order to characterise the risk of leishmaniasis transmission in Altos, Piauí, we described the clinical and socio-demographic variables and the spatial and temporal distribution of cases of American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL) and American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) cases and identified potential phlebotomine vectors. FINDINGS: The urban area concentrated almost 54% of ACL and 86.8% of AVL cases. The temporal and spatial distribution of AVL and ACL cases in Altos show a reduction in the number of risk areas, but the presence of permanent disease transmission foci is observed especially in the urban area. 3,808 phlebotomine specimens were captured, with Lutzomyia longipalpis as the most frequent species (98.45%). Of the 35 females assessed for natural infection, one specimen of Lu. longipalpis tested positive for the presence of Leishmania infantum and Leishmania braziliensis DNA. MAIN CONCLUSION: Our results indicate the presence of risk areas for ACL and AVL in the municipality of Altos and highlight the importance of entomological surveillance to further understand a possible role of Lu. longipalpis in ACL transmission.


Assuntos
Leishmania infantum , Leishmaniose Cutânea , Leishmaniose Visceral , Animais , Feminino , Brasil/epidemiologia , Insetos Vetores/genética , Leishmaniose Cutânea/epidemiologia , Leishmaniose Visceral/epidemiologia , Leishmania infantum/genética , DNA
2.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 119: e230181, 2024. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1534931

RESUMO

BACKGROUND In Brazil, transmission of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis has expanded geographically over the last decades, with both clinical forms occurring simultaneously in the same area. OBJECTIVES This study characterised the clinical, spatial, and temporal distribution, and performed entomological surveillance and natural infection analysis of a leishmaniasis-endemic area. METHODS In order to characterise the risk of leishmaniasis transmission in Altos, Piauí, we described the clinical and socio-demographic variables and the spatial and temporal distribution of cases of American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL) and American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) cases and identified potential phlebotomine vectors. FINDINGS The urban area concentrated almost 54% of ACL and 86.8% of AVL cases. The temporal and spatial distribution of AVL and ACL cases in Altos show a reduction in the number of risk areas, but the presence of permanent disease transmission foci is observed especially in the urban area. 3,808 phlebotomine specimens were captured, with Lutzomyia longipalpis as the most frequent species (98.45%). Of the 35 females assessed for natural infection, one specimen of Lu. longipalpis tested positive for the presence of Leishmania infantum and Leishmania braziliensis DNA. MAIN CONCLUSION Our results indicate the presence of risk areas for ACL and AVL in the municipality of Altos and highlight the importance of entomological surveillance to further understand a possible role of Lu. longipalpis in ACL transmission.

3.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis ; 17(6): e0011388, 2023 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37276231

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Leishmaniases are vector borne diseases caused by Leishmania spp. parasites transmitted by female sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) whose geographic distribution is influenced by environmental factors. Among the main tools for studying the distribution of vector species, modeling techniques are used to analyze the influence of climatic and environmental factors on the distribution of these insects and their association with human cases of the disease. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Here, we used a multiscale ecological niche modeling approach to assess the environmental suitability of sandfly vectors of the etiological agents of Visceral (VL) and American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL) in Piauí state, northeastern Brazil, and then evaluated their relationship with human disease incidence. For this, we obtained the geographic coordinates of the vector species Lutzomyia longipalpis and Nyssomyia whitmani through literature review, online databases and unpublished records. These data were used for the development of predictive models of the distribution of both sandflies species based on climatic and environmental variables. Finally, the environmental suitability for the presence of these vectors was compared with the incidence of both the diseases at the municipality level. The final models for each sandfly species showed good predictive powers with performance metric values of 0.889 for Lu. longipalpis and 0.776 for Ny. whitmani. The areas with greater environmental suitability for the presence of these species were concentrated in the central-north region of Piauí and coincide with the location of those municipalities presenting higher incidences of VL and ACL, situated in the central-north and extreme north of the state, respectively. The south and southeast regions of Piauí state have low incidence of these diseases and presented low environmental suitability for the presence of both vectors. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: We discuss how predictive modeling can guide entomological and epidemiological surveillances and recommend an increased supervision and control activities in Teresina (capital of the state of Piaui), Altos and Pedro II, in addition to other municipalities with similar social and environmental characteristics.


Assuntos
Leishmaniose Cutânea , Phlebotomus , Psychodidae , Animais , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Brasil/epidemiologia , Insetos Vetores/parasitologia , Leishmaniose Cutânea/parasitologia , Psychodidae/parasitologia
4.
Acta Trop ; 228: 106338, 2022 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35114171

RESUMO

Chagas disease (ChD), caused by the hemoflagellate protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, is an important morbidity that affects approximately six million people in the American continent. T. cruzi parasites are mainly transmitted to human by the infected feces of blood-sucking triatomine insects. The persistent disease is endemic in many regions of South America, mostly affecting residents of rural areas. The aim of this study was to evaluate epidemiological aspects of ChD in the state of Pi-auí located in northeastern Brazil. This is an analytical cross-sectional study carried out from the collection of data of the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN, in Portuguese, Sistema de Informações de Agravos de Notificação) of suspected and confirmed cases of acute ChD in the state of Piauí, in the period 2010-2019. Associations between T. cruzi positivity and the study variables were determined by the chi-square test or Fisher's exact test and were raised as prevalence ratios (PR) with 95% confidence interval. According to this survey, 517 suspected cases of acute ChD were reported in Piauí, with 70 cases (13.5%) confirmed. In 88.5% of confirmed cases, confirmation occurred by laboratory diagnosis. Most of the confirmed cases occurred in municipalities located in the semiarid region, with the municipality of São João do Piauí presenting the highest number of cases. Regarding sociodemographic data, females represent 55.7% of cases, people over 50 years of age (55.7%), being three cases in people up to 18 years of age, and less than 8 years of schooling (67.1%). 77.9% of confirmed cases had vector transmission as the probable form of infection. The data available in this study conclude that vectorial transmission of ChD in the state of Piauí remains active. This fact is corroborated by the number of notified and confirmed cases of acute ChD, requiring housing improvement programs and more effective epidemiological surveillance to control the transmission of the disease in the state.


Assuntos
Doença de Chagas , Trypanosoma cruzi , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Insetos Vetores/parasitologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
5.
Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz ; 115: e200157, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33206821

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: In Acre state, Brazil, the dissemination of cutaneous leishmaniasis has increased in recent years, with limited knowledge of the potential Leishmania spp. vectors involved. OBJECTIVES: Here, data concerning the sandfly fauna of Brasiléia municipality, Leishmania DNA-detection rates and the identification of blood meal sources of insects captured in 2013-2015 are presented. METHODS: Parasite detection in female sandflies was performed individually by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (Leishmania kDNA/sandfly cacophony-gene), with the identification of Leishmania spp. by hsp70-PCR and sequencing. The identification of blood gut-content from fed females was performed by cyt b-PCR and sequencing. FINDINGS: A total of 4,473 sandflies were captured. A subgroup of 864 non-blood-fed females evaluated for the presence of Leishmania DNA showed 2.9% positivity for Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis and L. (V.) guyanensis. The identification of blood meal sources was performed in 96 blood-fed females, allowing the identification of 13 vertebrate species. In nine/96 fed females, DNA from L. (V.) shawi, L. (V.) guyanensis, L. (V.) braziliensis and Endotrypanum sp. was detected. MAIN CONCLUSIONS: In Brumptomyia sp. and Evandromyia termitophila, the first report of Leishmania DNA-detection is provided in Acre; Nyssomyia shawi is implicated as potential vector of L. (V.) braziliensis and L. (V.) guyanensis for the first time in Brazil.


Assuntos
DNA/análise , Insetos Vetores/genética , Leishmania/genética , Psychodidae/parasitologia , Animais , Brasil , DNA de Protozoário/análise , Feminino , Insetos Vetores/classificação , Insetos Vetores/parasitologia , Leishmania/isolamento & purificação , Leishmaniose Cutânea/transmissão , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Psychodidae/classificação
6.
UNOPAR Cient., Ciênc. biol. saude ; 17(1): 21-30, abr. 15. tab
Artigo em Português | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-759584

RESUMO

As leishmanioses são antropozoonoses de ampla distribuição mundial e consideradas um grave problema de saúde pública. Com base nasinformações sobre os aspectos epidemiológicos, a população pode mudar seu comportamento e atitude diante de tais doenças e, assim, tomarmedidas preventivas que possam minimizar os riscos de contraí-las. Esse estudo teve como objetivo identificar o nível de conhecimentoda população de Teresina, Piauí, sobre Leishmaniose Visceral (LV) e Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana (LTA). A coleta dos dados foirealizada por meio de questionário em 150 residências nos bairros Santo Antônio, Pedra Mole e Parque Alvorada no período de fevereiroa junho de 2013. A análise dos dados mostrou que grande maioria dos casos de leishmaniose ocorreu em indivíduos que possuíam nomáximo o ensino fundamental completo e a renda familiar, na maioria dos entrevistados, chegou a um salário mínimo. Além disso, 89,3%das residências possuíam acumulo de matéria orgânica no peridomicílio, e todas estavam localizadas próximas de matas; 78,6% citarama presença de mosquitos e de animais domésticos. 94,6% dos entrevistados desconheciam tanto a LTA, como também o transmissor dadoença. Tal fato corrobora que a população desconhece que a presença de vegetação no peridomicílio, acúmulo de matéria orgânica,presença de animais domésticos, dentre outros fatores contribuem para a proliferação do vetor e para o estabelecimento e disseminação dasleishmanioses no meio urbano.


Leishmaniases are anthropozoonoses with broad worldwide distribution, being considered a serious public health issue. Based onepidemiological aspects, the population behavior can change towards such diseases, by adopting preventive measures to minimize thecontagion risks. The present study aimed to verify the knowledge level of the population from Teresina, Piauí (Brazil) about visceralleishmaniasis (VL) and American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ATL). Data collection was accomplished through application of a questionnaireto 150 domiciles in the districts of Santo Antônio, Pedra Mole and Parque Alvorada, from February to June 2013, regarding ecoepidemiologicalaspects of these diseases. Analysis of the data revealed that the majority of leishmaniasis cases affected individuals withminima education, with household income of one minimum wage. In addition, 89.3% of the domiciles presented accumulation of organicmatter in the household surroundings, and all were located close to forests; 78.6% cited the presence of mosquitos, and 79.3% the existenceof domestic animals. Among the surveyed, most knew neither ATL nor the disease?s carrier. This fact corroborates that the populationignores the presence of vegetation in the domicile surroundings, accumulation of organic matter, presence of domestic animals, amongother factors, as contributing elements for proliferation of the vector and establishment and dissemination of leishmaniases in the urbanenvironment.

SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA