The efficacy of aerobic training on the pulmonary functions of hemophilic A patients: a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: The present study investigated the efficacy of a program of aerobic exercise on pulmonary functions in adult males with hemophilia A (HA). PATIENTS AND METHODS: 40 patients with HA who met the eligibility criteria (40 HA; age range: 20-39 years) were invited to participate in the study. The patients were divided into two groups, 20 per each. Participants in the study group (A) underwent selected physical therapy program, along with aerobic training sessions on a cycle ergometer (50-60% heart rate reserve, moderate intensity), while the control group (B) underwent a selected physical therapy program only. The pulmonary functions (FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, PEF, PIF, and MVV) were measured before and after treatment program. RESULTS: There were noteworthy statistical differences between pre- and post-measurements in the study group in all measured variables (p < 0.05). There were also significant statistical differences between the study and control groups in all measured variables post treatment (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This study has demonstrated that hemophilic A patients' pulmonary functions have improved significantly following aerobic exercise training. As a result, aerobic exercise can be used in addition to medical treatment for hemophilic A patients.

Caries inhibition in rats by a sodium fluoride, tripolyphosphate toothpaste with whitening and anti-tartar properties.

The anti-caries properties of a silica-based, sodium fluoride (NaF) toothpaste containing sodium tripolyphosphate (NaTPP) with tooth whitening and anti-tartar properties (Aquafresh Whitening), in specific pathogen-free Osborne-Mendel rats, were assessed in this study. A silica-based, fluoride-free placebo containing NaTPP, and a NaF-containing silica-based USP reference standard toothpaste were used as negative and positive control toothpastes, respectively. Sixty weanling rats were randomly distributed into groups of 20; all were inoculated with S. mutans 10449S, ate cariogenic diet 2000, and drank demineralized water ad libitum. Each toothpaste, packaged in coded tubes, was applied to the dentitions of the rats' teeth for one minute, twice daily on weekdays, and once daily on weekends and holidays. Both the NaF/NaTPP-containing and the NaF-containing USP standard toothpaste groups had lower total enamel caries scores (41 to 45%) than the group treated with the fluoride-free NaTPP-containing placebo. Similar dimensioned differences were evident both at smooth surface and sulcal enamel sites, and in dentinal sites. All were statistically significant at p < 0.001. There were no statistically significant differences at any tooth surface category site between the two fluoride-containing toothpastes' effects. It is thus apparent that Aquafresh Whitening has the anticaries benefit of a USP reference standard NaF toothpaste.

In vitro release of testosterone from suppository bases and in vivo absorption studies in human males.

Diffusion rates of testosterone from various suppository bases with and without surfactants were determined. In a limited study, selected suppository formulations were evaluated for efficiency of rectal absorption of testosterone in three male volunteers ranging in age from 25 to 30 years. Significant reductions in the ratios of urinary metabolites to free testosterone were observed with polyethylene glycol 1000, esterified (C10-C18) fatty acids, and theobroma oil-based samples.