[Databases of the chemical composition of foods in the era of digital nutrition science].

By studying the chemical composition of foods, expanding the list of data on the content of nutrients, including minor biologically active substances, in the era of digital nutrition science, it became possible to create relevant systematic databases of the chemical composition of foods and rations in general. They allow us to solve various problems of modern society from the point of view of nutrition science. This review aim to analyze and generalize modern approaches to the formation and updating of databases of the chemical composition of food products from the standpoint of digital nutrition science. Results. This review considers the main provisions regarding creation of databases, directions for the development of food chemistry, discusses existing international programs for collecting and compiling data. The methods of systematizing data on the qualitative composition and content of biologically active and minor substances in products, as well as the problems associated with the development and metrological certification of highly selective highly sensitive analytical methods necessary to obtain reliable and reproducible data are considered. Conclusion. The development of digital nutrition science significantly increases the availability and quality of information on the chemical composition of foods, and allows it to be updated quickly. Further improvement of the quality of the data presented in the tables of chemical composition is associated with the establishment of stability and relationships between micro- and macro-components, their influence on the safety, stability of the chemical structure, the influence of the physic-chemical characteristics of the matrix on nutritive value of foods, determination of the content of specific minor components, development of relevant regulatory documents.

[Morphology of tissue reactions around implants after combined surgical repair of the abdominal wall]. / Morfologiia tkanevykh reaktsii vokrug implantatov, ispol'zuemykh dlia kombinirovannoi plastiki briushnoi stenki.

Tissue reactions to titanium-nickelide and polypropylen and caprone implants used in surgical treatment of anterior aldomen wall hernias were studied in experiment. Digital density of leukocytes, fibroblasts, vessels, thickness of the capsule were studied. Pronounced inflammatory reaction was observed on day 3 which attenuated on day 14 in case of titanium nickelide and on day 30-60 in case of polypropylene and caprone. Fibroplastic processes start in the first group after 7 days while in the second group only after 30 days of the experiment. Thickness of the capsule around titanium-nickelide was 2-3 times less than around polypropylene and caprone. Thus, titanium-nickelide material is biologically more inert than caprone and polypropylen which are widely used in surgery of hernias.

[Embryonic mechanisms in development of spina bifida in humans]. / Embrional'nye mekhanizmy razvitiia spina bifida u cheloveka.

The study of 86 human embryos and fetuses beginning from 23rdday of development up to 18th week after fecundation has detected 23 cases of pathologic development which correspond to the modern definition of spina bifida (SB). It is shown that the cause of various forms of the anomaly is the disturbance or temporary delay of a movement of caudal neurulation wave forming the spinal cord. The anomaly size and type are determined by the time and duration of a pathogenic action on neurulation. Postnatal or the 1st type of SB develops in neurulation wave disturbance not longer than 4-6 hours. Anomaly consequence may be compensated surgically. The 2nd or fetal type of SB arises when neurulation delay is from 6 to 20 hours. If the delay occurs on the 22-24th day of development, embryos die by the neurulation end. If the delay takes place on the 26-28th day embryos may survive till the late fetal period. In embryonal or type III of SB embryos die by the end of the 8th week and do not enter the medical statistics. Their death is associated with delayed movement of the caudal neurulation wave for 24 hours and longer. This results in a spontaneous abortion.

[Sand-desert tenebrionid beetle Trigonoscelis gigas reitter: a promising biological model for space chronobiology]. / Pustynnyi zhuk-chernotelka Trigonoscelis gigas reitter: perspektivnyi bioob''ekt dlia kosmicheskoi khronobiologii.

The beetle proposed for studying has a unique feature: unusually precise and reliable circadian clock that evolved as an advanced adaptation to extreme arid environment. Consequently this clock became functionally similar to that of vertebrates, i.e. it has a narrow range of entrainment, stable free-running period, strong endogenous component of rhythm. This beetle is also using due to its high viability, good tolerance to housing and handling, small size and safety in use. Space flight experiments with beetles on BION, PHOTON satellites and on MIR orbital station proved that parameters of circadian rhythms are dependent upon gravity. Future studies will focus on electrophysiology and comparative ecology of these beetles. This biological species together with developed methods represent a new promising technology of research in gravitational chronobiology.

[Use of nickel-titanium alloys in plasty of the anterior abdominal wall]. / Primenenie nikelid-titanovykh splavov pri plastike perednei briushnoi stenki.

The work presents results of the surgical treatment of postoperative hernias of the abdominal wall using explants of titanium nickelide in 48 patients. Data of biopsy of the anterior abdominal wall muscles in these patients are given. The anatomo-morphological and functional incompetence is shown. A method of preparing the patients with giant hernias to operation with the help of dynamic pneumocompression is described. The indications to using the explants in hernioplasty are determined by the methods of somatometry and intraoperative dynamometry. The data of three methods of combined hernioplasty are presented: with the use of a superelastic network from a nickelide-titanium alloy; explant with tractional properties, effect of the "shape memory"; method of extracorporeal extension of the abdominal wall at the postoperative period. The nearest and long-term results followed-up during 3 years are shown.

Effects of microgravity on circadian rhythms in insects.

NASA: The desert beetle Trigonoscelis gigas Reitt. was used as a biological model in studies that examined the effects of space flight on the circadian timing system. Results from studies aboard the Bion-10, Bion-11, and Photon-11 missions are reported. The control study is an ongoing Mir experiment. The studies indicate that the free-running period in beetles may be longer during space flight.^ieng

[Free course of circadian rhythms in Trigonoscelis gigas beetles after space flight]. / Svobodnyi beg tsirkadia'lnykh ritmov u zhukov-chernotelok posle kosmicheskogo poleta.

Before and after space flight on Cosmos-1887 motor activity of Trigonoscelis gigas beetles kept in darkness was recorded. After flight 6 out of 7 beetles showed reduction of periods of free running circadian rhythms. The fact that the change was not observed in controls suggests that it can be attributed to the effects of O G. It is assumed that in space flight the biological requirements for the day duration are modified.

[Increasing the effectiveness of lymphosorption in patients with mechanical jaundice]. / Povyshenie éffektivnosti limfosorbtsii u bo'lnykh s mekhani- cheskoi zheltukhoi.

Drainage of the thoracic lymph duct and lymphosorption used in 120 patients with mechanical jaundice has reduced the degree of hepatic insufficiency in the preoperative period and improved results of operative interventions. This was especially appreciable in a group of patients with a benign mechanical jaundice. Elimination of toxic substances from the lymph during lymphosorption was greater when using a vibration column, sorbent impregnation by sodium caffeine+-benzoate and ethanol treatment of the lymph.