Occupational Priorities of People on Hemodialysis Who Participated in Energy Management Education.

Background. People with kidney failure who undergo hemodialysis treatment and experience chronic fatigue identify negative effects on occupational performance and participation as a key aspect of their illness experience. Purpose. To describe the occupational performance and participation problems of people treated with hemodialysis who live with debilitating fatigue. Method. Fifteen participants, who were randomized to participate in an energy management intervention as part of a randomized controlled trial, completed two occupation-based assessments at baseline and chose three priority occupational performance or participation problems to address as goals during the intervention. Results were analyzed using descriptive statistics (counts and percentages). Findings. Fifteen participants (mean age 60, 53% male) completed the occupation-based assessments. Participants stated that they wanted or needed more energy for a median of 22 of 55 occupations. Going out for food/drinks (n = 11), going to a movie/concert/performance (n = 10), and food preparation/clean-up (n = 10) were the top occupations for which participants required more energy. Prioritized occupational performance and participation problems most often fell within the household management (14 goals), self-care (6 goals), and hobbies (5 goals) domains. Conclusion. Occupational performance and participation problems are extensive among people treated with hemodialysis who live with debilitating fatigue. There is a clear need for occupation-based interventions that optimize occupational performance and participation in this population.

Skeletal malformation in growing milk sheep.

INTRODUCTION: Two six-month old female Lacaune lambs with severe skeletal malformations of both front limbs were presented to the Department of Farm Animals, University of Zurich. The clinical examination showed alert animals with a high body weight and body condition score as well as a valgus deformation without pain or swelling. Radiographic examination showed severe irregularities in the epiphysial plate of the metacarpal bones in both lambs. Delayed growth in the lateral aspects of the physis was evident and resulted in valgus deformation. Nutritional causes were considered as the main reason for this presentation and a nutritional consultation was performed by the Institute of Animal Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Zurich. The estimated energy intake of these lambs was 65 % higher than the recommended maximum for growing sheep and the estimated vitamin D content of the diet was 71 % below the recommended allowance. Both animals were euthanized, and peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) was performed postmortem to measure total bone mineral density (BMD), trabecular bone mineral density (tBMD) and cortical bone mineral density (cBMD) of the left and right metatarsal bone of both animals. The BMD and the tBMD at 10 % of bone length were below the reference values and the BMD at 50 % was above the reference values. In addition, postmortem examination revealed a Salter-Harris-Typ-1 facture in the right caput humeri of one lamb. Histological evaluation showed defects in the articular cartilage with an eburnation in the metacarpal region and a disrupted area of columnar cartilage. This case report supports the fact that a high dietary energy intake leads to damage to the cartilage and the epiphyseal zone in sheep. In addition, insufficient dietary vitamin D intake contributed to the incomplete bone mineralization, as well as delayed growth and skeletal malformation.

INTRODUCTION: Deux agneaux Lacaune femelles de six mois présentant de graves malformations squelettiques des deux membres antérieurs ont été présentés au Département des animaux de rente de l'Université de Zurich. L'examen clinique a montré des animaux alertes avec un poids corporel et une note d'état corporel élevés ainsi qu'une déformation en valgus sans douleur ni gonflement. L'examen radiographique a montré de graves irrégularités dans la plaque épiphysaire des os métacarpiens chez les deux agnelles. Un retard de croissance du côté latéral de la physis était évident, entraînant une déformation en valgus. Des causes nutritionnelles ont été considérées comme étant la principale raison de cette situation et une consultation nutritionnelle a été effectuée par l'Institut de nutrition animale et de diététique de l'Université de Zurich. L'apport énergétique estimé de ces agneaux était supérieur de 65 % au maximum recommandé pour les moutons en croissance et la teneur estimée en vitamine D du régime alimentaire était inférieure de 71 % à l'apport recommandé. Les deux animaux ont été euthanasiés et une tomographie quantitative périphérique a été réalisée post mortem pour mesurer la densité minérale osseuse totale (DMO), la densité minérale osseuse trabéculaire (DMOt) et la densité minérale osseuse corticale (DMOc) des métatarses gauche et droit des deux animaux. La DMO et la DMOt à 10 % de la longueur de l'os étaient inférieures aux valeurs de référence et la DMO à 50 % était supérieure aux valeurs de référence. En outre, l'examen post-mortem a révélé une facture de Salter-Harris-Typ-1 dans le caput humeri droit d'un agneau. L'évaluation histologique a montré des défauts dans le cartilage articulaire avec une éburnation sousjacente dans la région métacarpienne et une zone de destruction du cartilage colonnaire. Ce rapport de cas confirme le fait qu'un apport énergétique alimentaire élevé entraîne des lésions du cartilage et de la zone épiphysaire chez les ovins. En outre, un apport alimentaire insuffisant en vitamine D a contribué à une minéralisation osseuse incomplète, ainsi qu'à un retard de croissance et à une malformation du squelette.

Decreased Na+/K+ pump activity in the erythrocyte membrane due to malondialdehyde in rheumatoid arthritis: an in vivo and in silico study.

Apart from demonstrating the interaction behavior of malondialdehyde (MDA) with Na+/K+-ATPase using in silico, the current study aims to investigate the effect of rheumatoid arthritis-related oxidative stress on Na+/K+-ATPase activity that is present in the erythrocyte cell membrane, which is rich in proteins vulnerable to damage from MDA and other free radicals. The target population of this study consists of 28 rheumatoid arthritis patients and 20 healthy volunteers whose MDA levels and Na+/K+-ATPase activity were determined. It was shown that MDA levels of rheumatoid arthritis patients increased (p < 0.001) and their Na+/K+-ATPase activity noticeably decreased when compared to those of healthy individuals. Also, according to this in silico modeling, MDA decreased Na+/K+-ATPase activity in line with the correlation analyses. Consequently, while elevated levels of MDA in the rheumatoid arthritis group were suggestive of oxidative stress, a decreased Na+/K+-ATPase-activity led us to speculate that the cellular membrane had sustained injury. Therefore, our results could be useful in explaining how MDA affects Na+/K+-ATPase activity in the interior of a specific molecular pathway.

The inverse square law: A basic principle in brachytherapy.

The purpose of this article is to remind the importance of the inverse square law in radiotherapy and especially in brachytherapy. Indeed, beyond the impact in radiation therapy with high energy beam, there is the use of radionuclides and low energy photons with short FSD where it is still more important. Comparisons between Iridium Brachytherapy and low energy X-rays brachytherapy show equivalent dose distributions in the first few centimeters. If the inverse square law is not the only element influencing the dose distributions calculations, it must not be forgotten. And it is playing a major role in brachytherapy with short FSD (<6cm).

[Conspiracy theories and COVID-19: How do conspiracy beliefs arise?] / Théories du complot et COVID-19 : comment naissent les croyances complotistes ?

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has caused an unprecedented global crisis, and a proliferation of conspiracy theories. These conspiratorial beliefs has contributed to weakening the credibility of government public health measures, limiting citizens' access to reliable sources of information, and disrupting the response of health systems to the crisis. Several hypotheses have been proposed in psychology and social science to understand the genesis of these beliefs during a pandemic, including generational, socio-cultural and political characteristics of individuals, and psychological factors such as the desire to preserve one's safety, to maintain a positive self-image, or even to strengthen its social role. However, recent discoveries in cognitive science about belief updating mechanisms offer new insights into the generation of conspiratorial beliefs across time and culture. In this paper, we offer a definition of conspiracy theory and a classification of conspiracy beliefs during the COVID-19 pandemic. We show how the mechanisms of belief updating may explain the genesis of conspiracy theories, and we propose several hypotheses supported by contemporary research in cognitive and social science.

Managing Fatigue in Parkinson's Disease: Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background. Fatigue is a disabling symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD). Managing Fatigue: A Six-Week Energy Conservation Intervention was developed to improve the occupational performance of people with fatigue. Efficacy of this program has not been established in PD. Purpose. This study will assess feasibility of the Managing Fatigue: Individual Program (MFIP) delivered via videoconference, the Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) protocol, and the preliminary effectiveness of the MFIP. Methods. A mixed-methods approach nested in a pilot RCT, randomizing 54 participants 1:1 to usual care or MFIP arms, will be employed to evaluate the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of MFIP. Qualitative and quantitative data will be collected simultaneously. Implications. Results will identify evidence for establishing protocol requirements for a full-scale RCT. Knowledge of the effectiveness of the one-to-one videoconference delivery format of the program has the potential to enhance the accessibility and the quality of care of the PD population.

Response to 'Transgender medicalization and the attempt to evade psychological distress' (Withers 2020) and to Herdzik's (2021) response to Withers.

Psyche is non-binary and multiple and clinical work in the analytic container must be held in the fluidity of multiplicity. Analysts are called to bring Queer energy to analytical attitude. Queer energy is intrinsically non-conforming and desires to confront a priori concepts in service to the unfolding of the Self. A Queer analytic attitude seeks to blur narrative, deconstruct language and listen deeply for what is emergent in the field. Queer energy is also deeply activating and often results in polarizations of attitude and a failure to hold what is emergent. This response to Withers (2020) and to (Herdzik 2021) is an invitation for all of us to engage our activated complexes around work with transgender issues and the fluidity of the Queer experience. The multiplicity of the Self seeks to be known through analytic process. Consciously held authentic experience of what is emergent and thus unknown is at the core of this process. An analysis capable of holding Queer energy offers a theatre for the exploration of gender identity and its expression.

La psyché est non-binaire et multiple et le travail clinique dans le contenant analytique doit se passer dans la fluidité de la multiplicité. Les analystes sont appelés à apporter l'énergie Queer à l'attitude analytique. L'énergie Queer est intrinsèquement non conformiste. Elle cherche à confronter les idées préconçues, et fait ceci pour soutenir le déploiement du Soi. Une attitude analytique Queer cherche à brouiller le récit, à déconstruire la langue, et à écouter profondément ce qui émerge dans le champ. L'énergie Queer est aussi profondément stimulante. Il en résulte souvent des polarisations de l'attitude et l'impossibilité de contenir ce qui est en train d'émerger. Cette réponse à Withers (2020) et à Herdzik (2021) est une invitation pour chacun d'entre nous à mobiliser nos propres complexes activés dans le travail avec les questions transgenres et la fluidité de l'expérience Queer. La multiplicité du Soi recherche à être connue à travers le processus analytique. L'expérience authentique et maintenue consciemment de ce qui est émergent - et de ce fait inconnu - est au cœur de ce processus. Une analyse capable d'accueillir et de contenir l'énergie Queer offre un théatre pour l'exploration de l'identité de genre et son expression.

La psique es no binaria y múltiple, y el trabajo clínico en el contenedor analítico debe ser sostenido en la fluidez de la multiplicidad. Analistas son convocados/as a brindar energía Queer a la actitud analítica. La energía Queer es intrínsecamente no conformista y busca confrontar conceptos a priori al servicio del despliegue del Self. Una actitud analítica Queer busca desdibujar narrativas, deconstruir el lenguaje, y escuchar profundamente aquello que emerge en el campo. La energía Queer es también profundamente activadora y a menudo resulta en una polarización de la actitud no pudiendo sostener lo emergente. Esta respuesta a Withers (2020) y a Herdzik (2021) es una invitación a todos nosotros a comprometernos con nuestros complejos activados al trabajar con temas de transgénero y la fluidez de la experiencia Queer. La multiplicidad del Self busca ser conocida a través del proceso analítico. Sostener conscientemente la experiencia auténtica de lo emergente y desconocido está en el núcleo de este proceso. Un análisis capaz de sostener energía Queer ofrece un teatro para la exploración de la identidad de género y su expresión.

Associations between cellular levels of ATP and prodigiosin pigment throughout the growth cycle of Serratia marcescens.

Serratia marcescens is a prolific producer of the red, membrane-associated pigment prodigiosin. Earlier work has established both a positive role for prodigiosin in ATP production during the population lag phase and a negative role during high-rate, low cell density growth. This study uses the growth rate and growth phase modulation afforded by chemostat culture to extend prodigiosin functional analysis to the high-density and stationary phases. Cellular levels of prodigiosin were positively associated with cellular levels of ATP during high-density growth, and artificial pigment induction during this phase increased cellular ATP levels. Following peak high-density ATP per cell, the early stationary phase enabled significant population growth, while prodigiosin levels remained high and ATP declined. During the late stationary phase, ATP per cell was positively associated with prodigiosin per cell, while both declined during continued growth. These results provide correlational evidence for the multiple effects of prodigiosin pigment on ATP production throughout the growth cycle. Earlier work and the data presented here enable the formulation of a working model for the oscillating relationships between cellular levels of ATP and prodigiosin during batch culture.

Interactive effects of acute exercise and carbohydrate-energy replacement on insulin sensitivity in healthy adults.

This study investigated whether carbohydrate-energy replacement immediately after prolonged endurance exercise attenuates insulin sensitivity the following morning, and whether exercise improves insulin sensitivity the following morning independent of an exercise-induced carbohydrate deficit. Oral glucose tolerance and whole-body insulin sensitivity were compared the morning after 3 evening conditions, involving (1) treadmill exercise followed by a carbohydrate replacement drink (200 or 150 g maltodextrin for males and females, respectively; CHO-replace); (2) treadmill exercise followed by a non-caloric, taste-matched placebo (CHO-deficit); or (3) seated rest with no drink provided (Rest). Treadmill exercise involved 90 minutes at ∼80% age-predicted maximum heart rate. Seven males and 2 females (aged 23 ± 1 years; body mass index 24.0 ± 2.7 kg·m-2) completed all conditions in a randomised order. Matsuda index improved by 22% (2.2 [0.3, 4.0] au, p = 0.03) and HOMA2-IR improved by 10% (-0.04 [-0.08, 0.00] au, p = 0.04) in CHO-deficit versus CHO-replace, without corresponding changes in postprandial glycaemia. Outcomes were similar between Rest and other conditions. These data suggest that improvements to insulin sensitivity in healthy populations following acute moderate/vigorous intensity endurance exercise may be dependent on the presence of a carbohydrate-energy deficit. Novelty: Restoration of carbohydrate balance following acute endurance exercise attenuated whole-body insulin sensitivity. Exercise per se failed to enhance whole-body insulin sensitivity. Maximising or prolonging the post-exercise carbohydrate deficit may enhance acute benefits to insulin sensitivity.

Psychobiology of Appetite and Food Reward in Adults with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes: Is there a Role for Exercise?

Hyperglycemia is the defining feature of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) and results from deficient insulin production, impaired insulin-stimulated glucose uptake or both. It is now well established that hyperglycemia results in profound metabolic complications, but the effect of diabetes and its associated metabolic effects on homeostatic and hedonic appetite control has received less attention. Inappropriate food choices and excess food intake might promote weight gain, further exacerbating the metabolic consequences of T1D and T2D. The need to control blood glucose through diet, physical activity and/or medication as a consequence of impaired insulin secretion and/or sensitivity adds a further level of physiological and behavioural complexity to the processes underlying food choice and appetite control. Alterations in appetite-related processes have been noted in people with T2D, but the effect of T1D on appetite is largely unexplored. Peripheral neuroendocrine signalling appears disrupted in people with T2D, and brain regions involved in the central modulation of appetite might display central insulin resistance. However, it is difficult to isolate the consequences of T2D from those of obesity. Health-care policy advocates the use of physical activity as a means of preventing and treating T2D via the promotion of weight loss and its independent influence on insulin sensitivity. Exercise-induced perturbations to energy balance can elicit biological and behavioural compensation that attenuates weight loss, and diabetes pathophysiology might alter the strength of such compensation. However, the effect of exercise on appetite in people living with diabetes has yet to be fully explored.

The glow of Telesphoros: a brief enquiry into the sense of the term 'mana personality' and the dynamic of experiences behind it.

In this article, I begin by outlining the qualities and attributes associated with experiences of mana, focusing particularly on the way the term 'mana' was used by C.G. Jung in his published work. I note that Jung associated mana with the accumulation and transfer of psychic energy (libido), with the appearance and appropriation of elemental fire, and by extension, with the metamorphic experience of constellating consciousness. In this context, informed by Jung's accounts and modes of expression, the term mana personality becomes a provisional designation for a recurrent dynamic of archetypal experiential configurations whose telos appears to be the reorientation of consciousness to its origin.

Dans cet article, je commence par tenter d'exposer les qualités et attributs des expériences de « mana ¼, en me concentrant spécifiquement sur la manière dont C.G. Jung a utilisé ce terme dans son œuvre publiée. Je constate que Jung associait « mana ¼ à l'accumulation et au transfert d'énergie psychique (libido), à l'apparition et l'appropriation du feu élémentaire, et par extension, à l'expérience métaphorique de la constellation de la conscience. Dans ce contexte, éclairés par les descriptions de Jung et ses manières de s'exprimer, le terme « personnalité mana ¼ devient une désignation provisoire pour une dynamique récurrente des configurations archétypales empiriques dont le télos semble être la réorientation de la conscience vers sa source.

En este artículo, comienzo por describir las cualidades y atributos asociados con experiencias 'mana', con un foco particular en el modo en el que el término 'mana' fue utilizado por C. G. Jung en sus trabajos publicados. He notado que Jung asoció 'mana' con la acumulación y transmisión de energía psíquica (libido), con la apariencia y apropiación del fuego elemental, y por extensión, con la experiencia transformadora de constelar consciencia. En este contexto, a partir de las expresiones y testimonios de Jung, el término 'personalidad mana' deviene una designación provisional para una dinámica de configuraciones de experiencias arquetipales recurrentes cuyo telos pareciera ser la reorientación de la consciencia hacia sus orígenes.

Metallic implants and CT artefacts in the CTV area: Where are we in 2020?

Radiation therapy (RT) is one of the main modalities of cancer treatment worldwide with computed tomography (CT), as the most commonly used imaging method for treatment planning system (TPS). Image reconstruction errors may greatly affect all the radiation therapy planning process, such as target delineation, dose calculation and delivery, particularly with particle therapy. Metallic implants, such as hip and spinal implants, and dental filling significantly deteriorate image quality. These hardware structures are often very complex in geometry leading to geometric complex artefacts in the clinical target volume (CTV) area, rendering the delineation of CTV challenging. In our review, we focus on the methods to overcome artefact consequences on CTV delineation: 1- medical approaches anticipating issues associated with imaging artefacts during preoperative multidisciplinary discussions while following standard recommendations; 2- common metal artefact reduction (MAR) methods such as manually override artefact regions, ballistics avoiding beam paths through implanted materials, megavoltage-CT (MVCT); 3- prospects with radiolucent implants, MAR algorithms and various methods of dual energy computed tomography (DECT). Despite substantial and broad evidence for their benefits, there is still no universal solution for cases involving implanted metallic devices. There is still a high need for research efforts to adapt technologies to our issue: "how do I accurately delineate the ideal CTV in a metal artefact area?"

The low power effect on holmium laser enucleation of prostate (HoLEP); A comparison between 20W and 37,5W energy regarding apical enucleation efficacy and patient safety.

INTRODUCTION: The Holmium laser has proven to be an invaluable tool for endoscopic prostate enucleation. The proper energy selection, during the different steps of the procedure, has always been a matter of debate. In this work we compare the effectiveness of the Holmium laser, using two different low-power energy settings, during enucleation and hemostasis (20W and 37.5W). METHODS: One hundred and sixty patients underwent a HoLEP procedure with a 50Hz and 2J (100W) setting. During enuleation and hemostasis, two different low-power settings were applied (20W vs. 37.5W). In both groups, only the prostatic tissue in the bladder neck and enucleated tissue far away from the apex, were cut with a setting of 50Hz and 2J (100W). RESULTS: The mean enucleation efficiency (0.78 vs. 1.2g/min-p:001) was significantly higher by utilizing 37.5W energy (group 2). Additionally, the mean enucleation rate (0.64 vs. 0.88%-P:0.001) and laser efficiency (2.07 vs. 2.12 joule/g-P:0.003) were significantly higher in group 2. The enucleation time was significantly shorter (54 vs. 75.5 mins-P:0.002), while the mean catheter removal time (27 vs. 42 hrs-P:0.008) and Hb decrease (0.5 vs. 0.6g/dl--P:0.019) were significantly lower in group 2. CONCLUSIONS: HoLEP can be performed efficiently with 100 W-37.5W settings. Enucleation and hemostasis can be performed successfully with 37.5W, while the use of 100W during bladder neck dissection shortens the duration of the procedure. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3.

[Global warming, nurses on front lines]. / Réchauffement climatique, les infirmières en premiere ligne.

Although initiatives for reducing the carbon footprint of care facilities exist, they remain underdeveloped in terms of the current climate threat. Nurses must be involved in the decisions and initiatives taken to reduce the impact of their organisation on the environment and encourage caregivers to adopt a long lasting ecological approach.

Gestational postprandial insulin sensitivity in the Sprague Dawley rat: the putative role of hepatic insulin sensitizing substance in glucose partitioning in pregnancy.

Pregnancy requires adaptation of maternal insulin sensitivity. In the fed state, a pulse of insulin stimulates glucose uptake and nutrient energy storage via insulin-dependent as well as hepatic insulin sensitizing substance (HISS)-dependent action. HISS is released by the liver in the fed state in the presence of signals integrated through the liver and a pulse of insulin. HISS promotes glucose storage as glycogen in heart, kidney, and skeletal muscle but not in gut, liver, or adipose tissue. HISS is also responsible for the vasodilatory action previously attributed to insulin. The rapid insulin sensitivity test (RIST), a dynamic euglycemic clamp, can quantitate both HISS-dependent and insulin-dependent glucose uptake. The RIST was used to characterize postprandial insulin sensitivity in the Sprague Dawley rat and the changes in the partitioning of nutrient energy throughout gestation. Early pregnancy demonstrated increased insulin sensitivity attributable to HISS-dependent glucose uptake with unchanged insulin-dependent glucose uptake, preserved plasma insulin concentration, and reduced plasma triglyceride concentration compared to the virgin. In late pregnancy, there was reduced HISS-dependent and insulin-dependent glucose uptake accompanied by increased plasma insulin and triglyceride concentration compared to the virgin. These results suggest an important role for HISS in glucose partitioning in pregnancy.

[Do-in workshops for a better quality of life at the work place]. / Des ateliers do in au service d'une meilleure qualité de vie au travail.

Since 2017, the Neufchâtel-en-Bray hospital centre (76) has set up a self-massage workshop for the establishment's staff. This Japanese technique called Do-in is given every week by a sports educator. Highly appreciated by the participants and accessible to all, this activity promotes physical and mental well-being, for a better quality of life at work.

Production of prodigiosin pigment by Serratia marcescens is negatively associated with cellular ATP levels during high-rate, low-cell-density growth.

Serratia marcescens is a facultatively anaerobic bacterium and the most recognized producer of the hydrophobic pigment prodigiosin. Previous work has shown that prodigiosin both increases ATP production during population lag phase and approximately doubles the stationary-phase cell yield. Here, we employed both batch and chemostat culture methods to investigate prodigiosin's role during high rate growth at low cell density as peak cellular ATP levels decline. Batch culture experiments utilizing artificial pigment induction showed an ATP reduction during low cell density growth. In addition, pigment induction during fixed growth rate chemostat culture revealed a negative correlation between cellular levels of prodigiosin and ATP (r = -0.95). Variable growth rate chemostat experiments showed an inverse relationship between ATP per cell and prodigiosin per cell during low-density growth but a direct relationship during high-density growth. Rate modeling of chemostat data quantified the pigment's effect on cellular levels of ATP for both population growth phases. Finally, prodigiosin production in a heterologous bacterium led to ATP decline. These data with intact cells complement the established in vitro proton import function of prodigiosin pigment and may indicate an energy-spilling function during high rate, low cell density growth.

A new insight into the molecular hydrogen effect on coenzyme Q and mitochondrial function of rats.

Mitochondria are the major source of cellular energy metabolism. In the cardiac cells, mitochondria produce by way of the oxidative phosphorylation more than 90% of the energy supply in the form of ATP, which is utilized in many ATP-dependent processes, like cycling of the contractile proteins or maintaining ion gradients. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are by-products of cellular metabolism and their levels are controlled by intracellular antioxidant systems. Imbalance between ROS and the antioxidant defense leads to oxidative stress and oxidative changes to cellular biomolecules. Molecular hydrogen (H2) has been proved as beneficial in the prevention and therapy of various diseases including cardiovascular disorders. It selectively scavenges hydroxyl radical and peroxynitrite, reduces oxidative stress, and has anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects. The effect of H2 on the myocardial mitochondrial function and coenzyme Q levels is not well known. In this paper, we demonstrated that consumption of H2-rich water (HRW) resulted in stimulated rat cardiac mitochondrial electron respiratory chain function and increased levels of ATP production by Complex I and Complex II substrates. Similarly, coenzyme Q9 levels in the rat plasma, myocardial tissue, and mitochondria were increased and malondialdehyde level in plasma was reduced after HRW administration. Based on obtained data, we hypothesize a new metabolic pathway of the H2 effect in mitochondria on the Q-cycle and in mitochondrial respiratory chain function. The Q-cycle contains three coenzyme Q forms: coenzyme Q in oxidized form (ubiquinone), radical form (semiquinone), or reduced form (ubiquinol). H2 may be a donor of both electron and proton in the Q-cycle and thus we can suppose stimulation of coenzyme Q production. When ubiquinone is reduced to ubiquinol, lipid peroxidation is reduced. Increased CoQ9 concentration can stimulate electron transport from Complex I and Complex II to Complex III and increase ATP production via mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Our results indicate that H2 may function to prevent/treat disease states with disrupted myocardial mitochondrial function.

Effect of HIIT versus MICT on body composition and energy intake in dietary restrained and unrestrained adolescents with obesity.

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been suggested as an effective alternative to traditional moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) that can yield improvements in a variety of health outcomes. Yet, despite the urgent need to find effective strategies for the treatment of pediatric obesity, only a few studies have addressed the impact of HIIT on eating behaviors and body composition in this population. This study aimed to compare the effect of HIIT versus MICT on eating behaviors in adolescents with obesity and to assess if the participants' baseline dietary status is associated with the success of the intervention. Forty-three adolescents with obesity were randomly assigned to a 16-week MICT or HIIT intervention. Body composition and 24-h ad libitum energy intake were assessed at baseline and at the end of the program. Restrained eating, emotional eating, and external eating were assessed using the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire at baseline. Both interventions led to significant weight, body mass index (BMI), and fat mass percentage (FM%) reductions, with better improvements in FM% in the HIIT group; whereas 24-h ad libitum energy intake increased to a similar extent in both groups. HIIT provides better body composition improvements over MICT, despite a similar increase in energy intake. Restrained eaters experienced less weight loss and smaller BMI reduction compared with unrestrained eaters; higher baseline cognitively restrained adolescents showed a greater increase of their ad libitum energy intake. Novelty HIIT favors better body composition improvements compared with MICT. Both MICT and HIIT increased ad libitum energy intake in adolescents with obesity. Weight loss achievement is better among unrestrained eaters.

Maternal and neonatal red blood cell n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids inversely associate with infant whole-body fat mass assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.

Research regarding polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) status and body composition in neonates is limited. This study tested the relationship between newborn docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) status and body composition. Healthy mothers and their term-born infants (n = 100) were studied within 1 month postpartum for anthropometry and whole-body composition using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Maternal and infant red blood cell (RBC) membrane PUFA profiles were measured using gas chromatography (expressed as percentage of total fatty acids). Data were grouped according to infant RBC DHA quartiles and tested for differences in n-3 status and infant body composition using mixed-model ANOVA, Spearman correlations, and regression analyses (P < 0.05). Mothers were 32.2 ± 4.6 years (mean ± SD) of age, infants (54% males) were 0.68 ± 0.23 month of age, and 80% exclusively breastfed. Infant RBC DHA (ranged 3.96% to 7.75% of total fatty acids) inversely associated with infant fat mass (r = -0.22, P = 0.03). Infant and maternal RBC n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio (r2 = 0.28, P = 0.043; r2 = 0.28, P = 0.041 respectively) were positively associated with fat mass. These results demonstrate that both maternal and infant long-chain PUFA status are associated with neonatal body composition. Novelty Our findings support an early window to further explore the relationship between infant n-3 PUFA status and body composition. Maternal and infant n-3 PUFA status is inversely related to neonatal whole-body fat mass. DHA appears to be the best candidate to test in the development of a lean body phenotype.