Analysis of the immune-inflammatory indices for patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive and castration-resistant prostate cancer.

BACKGROUND: Inflammation plays a pivotal role in the progression of prostate cancer (PCa). Several immune-inflammatory indices, including neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), derived neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (dNLR), lymphocyte to monocyte ratio (LMR) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lung immune prognostic index (LIPI), systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) and systemic immune inflammation index (SII), have demonstrated their prognostic values in several solid malignancies. However, Comparisons of superiority with these seven indices' predictive efficacy within metastatic hormone-sensitive PCa (mHSPC) and metastatic castration-resistant PCa (mCRPC) remain uncertain. METHODS: We retrospectively included 407 patients diagnosed with mHSPC and 158 patients with mCRPC at West China Hospital from 2005 to 2022. The seven immune-inflammatory indices were computed based on hematological data of mHSPC at initial diagnosis and mCRPC at progression to CRPC. Prognostic value for castration-resistant prostate cancer-free survival (CFS), overall survival (OS), prostate-specific antigen progression-free survival (PSA-PFS) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response was assessed using Kaplan-Meier curves, Cox regression models, and chi-square tests. The predictive performance of each immune-inflammatory index was assessed using the area under the curve (AUC) in time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis and C-index calculation. RESULTS: All seven immune-inflammatory indices were significantly associated with CFS and OS in the mHSPC cohort, as well as with PSA response, PSA-PFS, and OS in the mCRPC cohort. In the mHSPC cohort, LIPI consistently exhibited higher AUC values compared to NLR, dNLR, LMR, PLR, SII, and SIRI for predicting CFS and OS. This indicates that LIPI had a superior discriminative ability compared to the other indices (C-index of LIPI: 0.643 and 0.686 for CFS and OS, respectively). Notably, the predictive advantage of LIPI over other indices in the mHSPC stage diminished in the mCRPC stage. CONCLUSIONS: This study firstly confirmed the prognostic value of SII, SIRI and LIPI in mHSPC and mCRPC, and revealed that LIPI had a higher predictive power than NLR, dNLR, LMR, PLR, SII and SIRI in mHSPC. These non-invasive indices can enable clinicians to quickly assess the prognosis of patients.

Colorectal cancer prognosis based on dietary pattern using synthetic minority oversampling technique with K-nearest neighbors approach.

Generally, a person's life span depends on their food consumption because it may cause deadly diseases like colorectal cancer (CRC). In 2020, colorectal cancer accounted for one million fatalities globally, representing 10% of all cancer casualties. 76,679 males and 78,213 females over the age of 59 from ten states in the United States participated in this analysis. During follow-up, 1378 men and 981 women were diagnosed with colon cancer. This prospective cohort study used 231 food items and their variants as input features to identify CRC patients. Before labelling any foods as colorectal cancer-causing foods, it is ethical to analyse facts like how many grams of food should be consumed daily and how many times a week. This research examines five classification algorithms on real-time datasets: K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN), Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), Logistic Regression with Classifier Chain (LRCC), and Logistic Regression with Label Powerset (LRLC). Then, the SMOTE algorithm is applied to deal with and identify imbalances in the data. Our study shows that eating more than 10 g/d of low-fat butter in bread (RR 1.99, CI 0.91-4.39) and more than twice a week (RR 1.49, CI 0.93-2.38) increases CRC risk. Concerning beef, eating in excess of 74 g of beef steak daily (RR 0.88, CI 0.50-1.55) and having it more than once a week (RR 0.88, CI 0.62-1.23) decreases the risk of CRC, respectively. While eating beef and dairy products in a daily diet should be cautious about quantity. Consuming those items in moderation on a regular basis will protect us against CRC risk. Meanwhile, a high intake of poultry (RR 0.2, CI 0.05-0.81), fish (RR 0.82, CI 0.31-2.16), and pork (RR 0.67, CI 0.17-2.65) consumption negatively correlates to CRC hazards.

Tertiary lymphoid structures: new immunotherapy biomarker.

Immunotherapy shows substantial advancement in cancer and is becoming widely used in clinical practice. A variety of biomarkers have been proposed to predict the efficacy of immunotherapy, but most of them have low predictive ability. Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs), the aggregation of multiple lymphocytes, have been found to exist in various tumor tissues. TLSs have been shown to correlate with patient prognosis and immunotherapy response. This review summarizes the characteristics of TLSs and the inducing factors of TLS formation, presents available evidence on the role of TLSs in predicting immunotherapy response in different cancers, and lastly emphasizes their predictive potential for neoadjuvant immunotherapy efficacy.

Exploring the role of cellular senescence in cancer prognosis across multiple tumor types.

Background: Cellular senescence is a common biological process with a well-established link to cancer. However, the impact of cellular senescence on tumor progression remains unclear. To investigate this relationship, we utilized transcriptomic data from a senescence gene set to explore the connection between senescence and cancer prognosis. Methods: We developed the senescence score by the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) Cox model. We obtained transcriptomic information of the senescence gene set from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) program. Additionally, we created a nomogram that integrates these senescence scores with clinical characteristics, providing a more comprehensive tool for prognosis evaluation. Results: We calculated the senescence score based on the expression level of 42 senescence-related genes. We established the nomogram based on the senescence score and clinical characteristics. The senescence score showed a positive correlation with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, cell cycle, and glycolysis, and a negative correlation with autophagy. Furthermore, we carried out Gene Ontology (GO) analysis to explore the signaling pathways and biological process in different senescence score groups. Conclusions: The senescence score, a novel tool constructed in this study, shows promise in predicting survival outcomes across various cancer types. These findings not only highlight the complex interplay between senescence and cancer but also indicate that cellular senescence might serve as a biomarker for tumor prognosis.

New perspectives in prognostication of hepatocellular carcinoma: The role and clinical implications of transient receptor potential family genes.

The study titled "Transient receptor potential-related risk model predicts prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma patients" is a significant contribution to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) research, highlighting the role of transient receptor potential (TRP) family genes in the disease's progression and prognosis. Utilizing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas database, it establishes a new risk assessment model, emphasizing the interaction of TRP genes with tumor proliferation pathways, key metabolic reactions like retinol metabolism, and the tumor immune microenvironment. Notably, the overexpression of the TRPC1 gene in HCC correlates with poorer patient survival outcomes, suggesting its potential as a prognostic biomarker and a target for personalized therapy, particularly in strategies combining immunotherapy and anti-TRP agents.

The Effectiveness of Albumin-to-Globulin Ratio as a Prognostic Biomarker in Primary Gastrointestinal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Albumin-to-globulin ratio (AGR) is a cheap, widely accessible component of common blood work that has been implicated in the prognosis of various cancers. This effect is attributed to the cooperative relationship between albumin reflecting the body's nutritional status and globulin serving as an indicator of immune status. With the high morbidity and mortality associated with gastrointestinal cancer and the increasing necessity for cost-effective health care, research into AGR's potential as an indicator of prognosis is warranted. A database search, including key terms between AGR and gastrointestinal cancer, was performed. Random-effects meta-analysis was completed on extracted hazard ratios with two-sided p-values <0.05 being deemed significant. A total of 8,384 patients with gastrointestinal cancer were included. A low AGR was found to be associated with increased risk for reduced overall survival in cancer of the primary GI tract (HR: 1.82, 1.35-2.45, p < 0.001), esophageal cancer (HR: 1.57, 1.19-2.06, p < 0.001), colon cancer (HR: 3.36, 2.02-5.58, p < 0.001), and colorectal cancer (HR: 2.27, 1.15-4.48, p = 0.02) populations. A low AGR is significantly associated with increased risk for reduced overall survival in primary gastrointestinal cancer. Due to the ease of access and low cost to physicians and patients, incorporation of AGR into clinical evaluation of prognosis in these cancers should prove beneficial to patient outcomes.

Pan-cancer analysis of the TRAF family genes and their correlation with prognosis, TME, immune and drug sensitivity.

BACKGROUND: Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factors family genes play a pivotal role in tumorigenesis and metastasis, functioning as adapters or E3 ubiquitin ligases across various signaling pathways. To date, limited research has explored the association between tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factors family genes and the clinicopathological characteristics of tumors, immunity, and the tumor microenvironment (TME). This comprehensive study investigates the relationship between tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factors family and prognosis, TME, immune response, and drug sensitivity in a pan-cancer context. METHODS: Utilizing current public databases, this study examines the expression levels and prognostic significance of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factors family genes in a pan-cancer context through bioinformatic analysis. In addition, it investigates the correlation between tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factors expression and various factors, including the TME, immune subtypes, stemness scores, and drug sensitivity in pan-cancer. RESULTS: Elevated expression levels of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2, 3, 4, and 7 were observed across various cancer types. Patients exhibiting high expression of these genes generally faced a worse prognosis. Furthermore, a significant correlation was noted between the expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factors family genes and multiple dimensions of the TME, immune subtypes, and drug sensitivity.

Effect of different treatment modalities on the prognosis of patients with stage IIIC cervical cancer.

Objective: To compare the effects of different treatments on the prognosis of patients with stage IIIC cervical cancer and to identify the main influencing factors to predict the outcomes of patients. Methods: In this study, a total of 1763 patients with stage IIIC cervical cancer from 2010-2015 were retrospectively analyzed, and these patients were divided into the radical radiotherapy ± chemotherapy group (877 patients) and the radical surgery + radiotherapy ± chemotherapy group (886 patients) according to the treatment methods. The survival differences between the two groups were compared using the Kaplan-Meier method. Unifactorial and multifactorial COX analyses screened the clinical factors affecting the prognosis. The nomogram was constructed, and the accuracy of the line graph was verified using the C-index, calibration, and ROC (receiver operator characteristic curve, ROC). Results: Age, race, T-stage, pathologic type, mass size, whether or not they underwent surgery, and whether or not they received radiotherapy were independent factors affecting Overall Survival (OS). For all patients with TxN1M0 in cervical cancer stage IIIC, radical synchronized radiotherapy was better than the radical surgery group (p<0.0001). After comparing the tumor size breakdown, it could be found that in the T1N1M0, T2N1M0, and T3N1M0 groups, none of the OS in the surgical group achieved an improvement in OS compared with that in the non-surgical group (p>0.05). Conclusion: In patients with stage IIIC cervical cancer, OS did not improve in the radical surgery group compared with the radical simultaneous radiotherapy group. And surgery did not benefit patients' survival regardless of tumor size.

Prognostic Factors of Oligometastasis After Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy: The Real-World Utility of the European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology/European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Classification.

AIM: The efficacy of local therapy for oligometastatic disease (OMD) remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic utility of the classification system for OMD and explore which groups may benefit from stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). METHODS: This single-center retrospective study included 45 patients (52 sites) with solid tumors and 1-3 extracranial oligometastases who underwent SBRT for all metastases at our institution between January 2018 and December 2021. OMD states were classified based on the European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology (ESTRO) and the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) classification system. Local control (LC), overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS) for each group were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Acute and late adverse events (AEs) were evaluated according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 5.0. RESULTS: The median follow-up period was 14 months (range: 0-48 months). The numbers of patients in the de novo (first diagnosis of OMD), repeat (previous history of OMD), and induced (previous history of polymetastatic disease) OMD groups were 15, 17, and 13, respectively. The LC rates at one year for the entire, de novo, repeat, and induced cohorts were 87.2%, 87.5%, 90.2%, and 83.9%, respectively (p=0.80). The one-year PFS rates for each group were 35.0%, 56.7%, and 29.9%, respectively (p=0.58). The one-year OS rates for each group were 80.0%, 86.2%, and 80.8%, respectively (p=0.50). Grade 2 or 3 AEs occurred in five patients (10.4%). No grade 4 or 5 AEs were observed. CONCLUSIONS: SBRT is safe and highly effective for local control. Patients with repeat OMD demonstrated a trend of longer PFS, suggesting that this subgroup may benefit from local therapy at metastatic sites.

Benign Adenomyoepithelioma of the Breast: A Case Report.

Adenomyoepitheliomas of the breast are rare tumors that are characterized histologically as having both epithelial and myoepithelial components. While adenomyoepitheliomas are considered benign lesions, existing literature supports their potential for malignant transformation. These tumors also exhibit nonspecific and variable findings on noninvasive imaging, posing additional challenges in management. We present a rare case of an adenomyoepithelioma diagnosed in a 65-year-old female who was treated with surgical resection of her tumor, with histopathology negative for malignant transformation. By describing this patient's management course, we aim to contribute to existing literature analyzing adenomyoepitheliomas and help guide future treatment.

The Naples prognostic score serves as a predictor and prognostic indicator for cancer survivors in the community.

OBJECTIVE: Inflammation, malnutrition, and cancer are intricately interconnected. Despite this, only a few studies have delved into the relationship between inflammatory malnutrition and the risk of death among cancer survivors. This study aimed to specifically investigate the association between the categorically defined Naples prognostic score (NPS) and the prognosis of cancer survivors. METHODS: Data from 42,582 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 1999-2018) were subjected to analysis. Naples prognostic scores (NPS) were computed based on serum albumin (ALB), total cholesterol (TC), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and lymphocyte to monocyte ratio (LMR), and participants were stratified into three groups accordingly. Cancer status was ascertained through a self-administered questionnaire, while mortality data were sourced from the National Death Index up to December 31, 2019. Multiple logistic regression was employed to estimate the odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) between NPS and cancer prevalence within the U.S. community population. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and the Log-rank test were utilized to compare survival disparities among the three groups. Additionally, Cox proportional regression was utilized to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) with a 95% CI. RESULTS: The incidence of cancers was 9.86%. Among the participants, 8140 individuals (19.1%) were classified into Group 0 (NPS 0), 29,433 participants (69.1%) into Group 1 (NPS 1 or 2), and 5009 participants (11.8%) into Group 2 (NPS 3 or 4). After adjusting for confounding factors, the cancer prevalence for the highest NPS score yielded an odds ratio (OR) of 1.64 (95% CI: 1.36, 1.97) (P(for trend) < 0.05). In comparison to cancer survivors in Group 0, those with the highest NPS had adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of 2.57 (95% CI: 1.73, 3.84) for all-cause mortality, 3.44 (95% CI: 1.64, 7.21) for cardiovascular mortality, 1.60 (95% CI: 1.01, 2.56) for cancer mortality, and 3.15 (95% CI: 1.74, 5.69) for other causes of mortality (All P(for trend) < 0.05). These associations remained consistent when stratified by age, sex, race, and body mass index. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that the Naples prognostic score (NPS), serving as a novel prognostic metric integrating inflammation and nutritional status, is closely linked to cancer prognosis within the general population.

The Role of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Patients With Advanced Endometrial Cancer at King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), Saudi Arabia From 2010 to 2022.

BACKGROUND: Endometrial cancer (EC) has multiple modalities of treatment including neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). There is limited research work conducted in Saudi Arabia that shows the benefits of using NACT, followed by interval debulking surgery (IDS) for stages III-IV EC patients. Hence, this study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of using NACT compared to other modalities of treatment in the last 11 years in Saudi Arabia. METHODS: The data of the patients were collected retrospectively between 2010 and 2022 at Princess Noura Oncology Centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The population was divided based on receiving NACT or taking other modalities for the purpose of assessing the mean survival time in both groups. Best-case and worst-case scenario models were used to illustrate the survival rate of both stages. RESULTS: Forty patients with stages III-IV EC were included and grouped based on the treatment modality. Fourteen (35%) patients were receiving NACT followed by IDS compared with 26 (65%) patients who were using other modalities. In both stages III-IV patients, the mean survival time in the best-case scenario was 49 months in patients treated with NACT, and 82 months in patients who received other modalities. Regarding the worst-case scenario, the average survival time for patients treated with NACT was 22.89 months, which was significantly lower than the average survival time of 56.30 months for patients treated with other therapies. CONCLUSION: In the worst-case scenario, advanced EC patients who underwent NACT had a lower mean survival time than other treatment modalities. However, using NACT is not connected to the outcome in the best-case scenario.

Prognostic implications of TOR1B expression across cancer types: a focus on basal-like breast cancer and cellular adaptations to hypoxia.

The TOR1B gene is known to play a pivotal role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and responding to endoplasmic reticulum stress. However, its involvement in cancer remains relatively understudied. This study seeks to explore the prognostic implications of TOR1B across various cancers, with a specific focus on Basal-like Breast Cancer (BLBC) and its underlying cellular mechanisms. Through comprehensive analysis of data from TCGA, TARGET, GEO, and GTEx, we investigated TOR1B expression and its correlation with patient outcomes. Furthermore, in vitro experiments conducted on BLBC cell lines examined the impact of TOR1B modulation on cell viability, apoptosis, and metabolic activity under varying oxygen levels. Our statistical analysis encompassed differential expression analysis, survival analysis, and multivariate Cox regression. Our findings indicate that TOR1B is overexpressed in BLBC and other cancers, consistently correlating with poorer prognosis. Elevated TOR1B levels were significantly associated with reduced overall and disease-free survival in BLBC patients. In vitro experiments further revealed that TOR1B knockdown augmented apoptosis and influenced metabolic activity, particularly under hypoxic conditions, highlighting its potential role in cancer cell adaptation to stress. Overall, our study underscores the importance of TOR1B in cancer progression, particularly in BLBC, where it serves as a notable prognostic indicator. The interaction between TOR1B and metabolic pathways, as well as its regulation by HIF-1α, suggests its significance in adapting to hypoxia, thereby positioning TOR1B as a promising therapeutic target for aggressive breast cancer subtypes.

A novel conditional survival nomogram for monitoring real-time prognosis of non-metastatic colorectal cancer.

AIMS: The aim of this study is to enhance the accuracy of monitoring and treatment information for patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS: Utilizing the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, a cohort of 335,948 eligible CRC patients was included in this investigation. Conditional survival probability and actuarial overall survival were employed as methodologies to investigate the association between clinicopathological characteristics and cancer prognosis. RESULTS: Among CRC patients, the 5-year survival rate was 59%, while the 10-year survival rate was 42%. Over time, conditional survival showed a consistent increase, with rates reaching 45% and 48% for individuals surviving 1 and 2 years, respectively. Notably, patients with unfavorable tumor stages exhibited substantial improvements in conditional survival, thereby narrowing the disparity with actuarial overall survival over time. CONCLUSION: This study underscores the significance of time-dependent conditional survival probability, particularly for patients with a poorer prognosis. The findings suggest that long-term CRC survivors may experience improved cancer prognosis over time.

Unraveling pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma immune prognostic signature through a naive B cell gene set.

BACKGROUND: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), a leading cause of cancer mortality, has a complex pathogenesis involving various immune cells, including B cells and their subpopulations. Despite emerging research on the role of these cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME), the detailed molecular interactions with tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) are not fully understood. METHODS: We applied CIBERSORT to quantify TIICs and naive B cells, which are prognostic for PDAC. Marker genes from scRNA-seq and modular genes from weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) were integrated to identify naive B cell-related genes. A prognostic signature was constructed utilizing ten machine-learning algorithms, with validation in external cohorts. We further assessed the immune cell diversity, ESTIMATE scores, and immune checkpoint genes (ICGs) between patient groups stratified by risk to clarify the immune landscape in PDAC. RESULTS: Our analysis identified 994 naive B cell-related genes across single-cell and bulk transcriptomes, with 247 linked to overall survival. We developed a 12-gene prognostic signature using Lasso and plsRcox algorithms, which was confirmed by 10-fold cross-validation and showed robust predictive power in training and real-world cohorts. Notably, we observed substantial differences in immune infiltration between patients with high and low risk. CONCLUSION: Our study presents a robust prognostic signature that effectively maps the complex immune interactions in PDAC, emphasizing the critical function of naive B cells and suggesting new avenues for immunotherapeutic interventions. This signature has potential clinical applications in personalizing PDAC treatment, enhancing the understanding of immune dynamics, and guiding immunotherapy strategies.

Prognostic Value of B7H4 Expression in Patients with Solid Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

V-set domain-containing T-cell activation inhibitor 1 (aliases VTCN1, B7H4) participates in tumour immune escape by delivering inhibitory signals to T cells. The purpose of this article was to assess the B7H4 prognostic value in solid cancers. Three databases were searched for relevant articles. The main endpoints were overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), progression-free survival (PFS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), and disease-free survival (DFS). Appropriate hazard ratios (HRs) were pooled. The R studio software (version 4.0.3) was used for data analysis. Thirty-one studies met the inclusion criteria. High expression of B7H4 was associated with worse OS (HR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.37-1.68) but not with DSS (HR = 1.14, 95% CI: 0.49-2.63), RFS (HR = 1.77, 95% CI: 0.75-4.18), DFS (HR = 1.29, 95% CI: 0.8-2.09), or PFS (HR = 1.71, 95% CI: 0.91-3.2) in patients with solid cancers. High expression of B7H4 is associated with a poorer prognosis in patients with solid cancers. B7H4 is a promising prognostic biomarker and immunotherapeutic target for various solid cancers because of its activity in cancer immunity and tumourigenesis.

Exploring the Immunological Profile in Breast Cancer: Recent Advances in Diagnosis and Prognosis through Circulating Tumor Cells.

This review offers a comprehensive exploration of the intricate immunological landscape of breast cancer (BC), focusing on recent advances in diagnosis and prognosis through the analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Positioned within the broader context of BC research, it underscores the pivotal role of the immune system in shaping the disease's progression. The primary objective of this investigation is to synthesize current knowledge on the immunological aspects of BC, with a particular emphasis on the diagnostic and prognostic potential offered by CTCs. This review adopts a thorough examination of the relevant literature, incorporating recent breakthroughs in the field. The methodology section succinctly outlines the approach, with a specific focus on CTC analysis and its implications for BC diagnosis and prognosis. Through this review, insights into the dynamic interplay between the immune system and BC are highlighted, with a specific emphasis on the role of CTCs in advancing diagnostic methodologies and refining prognostic assessments. Furthermore, this review presents objective and substantiated results, contributing to a deeper understanding of the immunological complexity in BC. In conclusion, this investigation underscores the significance of exploring the immunological profile of BC patients, providing valuable insights into novel advances in diagnosis and prognosis through the utilization of CTCs. The objective presentation of findings emphasizes the crucial role of the immune system in BC dynamics, thereby opening avenues for enhanced clinical management strategies.

Impact of preoperative haemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, and platelet score on oral cancer prognosis.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the preoperative haemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, and platelet score as a prognostic indicator in oral squamous cell carcinoma treated by radical surgery. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Patients (83 men, 32 women; 65.80 ± 11.47 years) who underwent radical surgery between 2012 and 2022 were included. Factors affecting overall survival and disease-free survival according to the haemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, and platelet score were examined. Patients were categorised into low- and high-score groups using optimal cut-off values obtained from receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. RESULTS: The low-score group had poorer overall and disease-free survival (p < 0.001 each). Multivariate analysis identified alcohol consumption (hazard ratio [HR], 3.83; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.56-9.41, p = 0.003); vascular invasion (HR, 3.97; 95% CI: 1.60-9.85, p = 0.003); and the haemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, and platelet score (HR, 0.39; 95% CI: 0.20-0.78, p = 0.007) as independent prognostic factors for overall survival and vascular (HR, 3.66; 95% CI: 1.79-7.50, p < 0.001) and lymphovascular (HR, 2.44; 95% CI: 1.36-4.41, p = 0.003) invasion as independent prognostic factors for disease-free survival. CONCLUSION: The preoperative haemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, and platelet score may be a significant prognostic factor for patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma undergoing radical surgery.