Continuing evolution of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses of clade 2.3.2.1a G2 genotype in domestic poultry of Bangladesh during 2018-2021.

We characterized 15 H5N1 HPAI viruses from different small- and medium-scale poultry flocks across Bangladesh during 2018-2021 based on their complete genome sequences. The antigenic relatedness of H5N1 HPAI viruses from different timepoints was analysed. During 2020-2021, 42.11% of the flocks tested positive for at least one of the respiratory infections, with 15.79% showing influenza A virus, of which 8.77% tested positive for HPAIV H5N1. Co-infections with two to four pathogens were detected in 15.8% of flocks. Phylogeny and gene constellation analyses based on complete genome sequences of 15 HPAI viruses revealed the continuing circulation of H5 clade 2.3.2.1a genotype G2 viruses. In the HA protein of the study isolates, functionally meaningful mutations caused the loss of an N-linked glycosylation site (T156A), a modified antigenic site A (S141P), and a mutation in the receptor binding pocket (E193R/K). Consequently, antigenic analysis revealed a significant loss of cross-reactivity between viruses from different host species and periods. Most viruses displayed oseltamivir resistance markers at positions V96, I97, S227, and N275 (N1 numbering) of the NA protein. In addition, for the PB2, M1, and NS1 proteins, significant mutations were noticed that have been associated with polymerase activity and increased virulence for mammals in all study isolates. These results highlight the need for intensified genomic surveillance of HPAI circulating in poultry in Bangladesh and for establishing appropriate control measures to decrease the circulation of these viruses in poultry in the country.

High-skilled immigration enhances regional entrepreneurship.

Immigrants are highly entrepreneurial. But, what is the broader relationship between high-skilled immigration and regional entrepreneurship activity beyond the ventures that immigrants establish themselves? Using administrative data on newly awarded H-1B visas in the United States, we document a positive relationship between high-skilled immigration and regional entrepreneurship. A doubling of immigrants to a metropolitan statistical area is followed by a 6% increase in entrepreneurship within three years. In contrast, continuing H-1Bs and the arrival of unskilled immigrants (H-2B visas) do not increase regional entrepreneurship. Focusing on Indian immigrants (representing about 70% of all H-1B visas), we find the effect is stronger in metropolitan statistical areas with a larger local Indian population, but not other nationalities, suggesting that presence of conationals facilitates the relationship between high-skilled immigration and regional entrepreneurship. We present this and other evidence as consistent with a knowledge transfer mechanism.

Inconsistent Regulatory Mapping Quietly Threatens Rivers and Streams.

Even the most stringent environmental law cannot protect a river if its tributaries remain exposed to pollution and other threats upstream. Excluding a subset of watercourses from legal protection therefore threatens to alter freshwater ecosystems across entire river networks and the services they provide, such as drinking water and flood regulation. Considerable attention has been devoted to defining the scope of environmental laws protecting watercourses. Yet how these definitions are implemented through regulatory mapping, the cartography of waterbodies that legally qualify as watercourses and are thus protected, has not been examined outside of the United States. Here, we demonstrate the consequences of regulatory mapping on the extent of river networks that are protected, using France as a case study. By assembling the first map of France's watercourses protected under the Water Law, we estimate that a quarter of previously mapped hydrographic segments were excluded from protection and found stark geographical variations in the extent of protected ecosystems. Headwater and nonperennial segments are disproportionately excluded by 28% compared to their prevalence (67%) in the overall hydrographic network, with potentially far-reaching implications for biodiversity and people. We expect regulatory frameworks in most countries to be equally susceptible to local interpretation of legal definitions.

From static snapshots to dynamic panoramas: the evolution and future vision of palliative care atlas in cross-national perspectives.

Palliative care is essential to global health services as it improves the quality of life of patients, their families and caregivers. The ATLANTES Global Observatory of Palliative Care (University of Navarra) was created a decade ago to promote a positive attitude towards patients with advanced illness in society and medicine. To do so, and over the past 15 years, ATLANTES has mapped palliative care data worldwide using public health, macro and comparative perspectives in different atlases. These have enabled data to be contextualised and good examples to be identified concisely and graphically. Atlases have been widely employed as advocacy tools within international institutions and ministries of health. While the aim and the perspective have remained unalterable over time, the methods and design have evolved throughout the publications from sober cartography and static infographics to big interactive data visualisation web tools. By embracing technology, ATLANTES has developed an open-access web mapping tool reuniting information from regional atlases, favouring global access to data. In 2022, matching the increasingly recognised need for robust monitoring of palliative care worldwide, ATLANTES became a WHO Collaborating Centre for the Global Monitoring of Palliative Care Development. This attempt to bridge the gap and ensure equitable care information in countries with limited palliative care access has resulted today in more accessible, self-explanatory, and visually appealing palliative care data.

Charting the impact of maternal antibodies and repeat exposures on sapovirus immunity in early childhood from a Nicaraguan birth cohort.

BACKGROUND: Sapovirus is an important cause of acute gastroenteritis in childhood. While vaccines against sapovirus may reduce gastroenteritis burden, a major challenge to their development is a lack of information about natural immunity. METHODS: We measured sapovirus-specific IgG in serum collected, between 2017 and 2020, of mothers soon after delivery and at 6 time points in Nicaraguan children until 3 years of age (n=112 dyads) using virus-like particles representing three sapovirus genotypes (GI.1, GI.2, GV.1). RESULTS: Sixteen (14.3%) of the 112 children experienced at least one sapovirus gastroenteritis episode, of which GI.1 was the most common genotype. Seroconversion to GI.1 and GI.2 was most common between 5 and 12 months of age, while seroconversion to GV.1 peaked at 18 to 24 months of age. All children who experienced sapovirus GI.1 gastroenteritis seroconverted and developed genotype-specific IgG. The impact of sapovirus exposure on population immunity was determined using antigenic cartography: newborns share their mothers' broadly binding IgG responses, which declined at 5 months of age and then increased as infants experienced natural sapovirus infections. CONCLUSION: By tracking humoral immunity to sapovirus over the first 3 years of life, this study provides important insights for the design and timing of future pediatric sapovirus vaccines.

Antigenic Cartography of SARS-CoV-2.

Antigenic cartography is a tool for interpreting and visualizing antigenic differences between virus variants based on virus neutralization data. This approach has been successfully used in the selection of influenza vaccine seed strains. With the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants escaping vaccine-induced antibody response, adjusting COVID-19 vaccines has become essential. This review provides information on the antigenic differences between SARS-CoV-2 variants revealed by antigenic cartography and explores a potential of antigenic cartography-based methods (e.g., building antibody landscapes and neutralization breadth gain plots) for the quantitative assessment of the breadth of the antibody response. Understanding the antigenic differences of SARS-CoV-2 and the possibilities of the formed humoral immunity aids in the prompt modification of preventative vaccines against COVID-19.

Urban risk mapping for geological faults in urban areas, prevention, and analysis with Geographic Information Systems, Mexico City, Mexico / Cartografia de riscos urbanos devidos a falhas geológicas em zonas urbanas, prevenção e análise com Sistemas de Informação Geográfica, Cidade do México, México / Cartografía de riesgos urbanos por fallas geológicas en zonas urbanas, prevención y análisis con Sistemas de Información Geográfica, Ciudad de México, México

AВSTRAСT Several housing damages caused by geological faults are becoming increasingly frequent in certain areas of Mexico City (CDMX), their intensity and repetition are beginning to alarm many inhabitants due to the serious damage to the structure of their homes. Therefore, it is urgent to identify the possible existing active and inactive geological faults, identifying them using vector data visualized using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The objective of this analysis is focused on mapping using geomatic methods the main geological faults based on photointerpretation and obtaining vector data from the National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI) of the current urban areas and the National Risk Atlas, to contrast this information and highlight the existing problems. The San Juan de Aragón Ist Section neighborhood was chosen as the study area, to warn the population with a methodology using Geographic Information Systems and notifying them about possible affectations due to geological faults in their homes. In conclusion, the cartography obtained should be implemented in houses established in places with some degree of risk, the contribution of the mapping using GIS will be a substantial and precise contribution to establishing civil protection mechanisms in the population of the CDMX, likewise, this contribution can be replicated in different parts of the world where the problems are similar to the examined area.

RESUMO Os diversos danos em habitações provocados por falhas geológicas são cada vez mais frequentes em certas zonas da Cidade do México (CDMX), e a sua intensidade e repetição começa a alarmar muitos habitantes devido aos graves danos na estrutura das suas casas. Por este motivo, é urgente conhecer quais são as possíveis falhas geológicas activas e inactivas existentes, identificando-as através de dados vectoriais visualizados por meio de Sistemas de Informação Geográfica (SIG). O objetivo desta análise é cartografar as principais falhas geológicas através de métodos geomáticos baseados na foto-interpretação e nos dados vectoriais do Instituto Nacional de Estatística e Geografia (INEGI) das áreas urbanas actuais e do Atlas Nacional de Riscos, com o objetivo de contrastar esta informação e destacar os problemas existentes. A colónia da Ia Secção de San Juan de Aragón foi escolhida como área de estudo, com o objetivo de alertar a população com uma metodologia que utiliza Sistemas de Informação Geográfica e notificá-la dos possíveis efeitos das falhas geológicas nas suas casas. Como conclusão, a cartografia obtida deve ser implementada em casas estabelecidas em locais com algum grau de risco, a contribuição do mapeamento por meio de SIG será uma contribuição substancial e precisa para estabelecer mecanismos de proteção civil na população da CDMX, da mesma forma, esta contribuição pode ser replicada em várias partes do mundo onde os problemas são semelhantes à área examinada.

RESUMEN Diversas averías en viviendas por fallas geológicas comienzan a ser cada vez más frecuentes en algunas zonas de la Ciudad de México (CDMX), su intensidad y repetición comienza a alarmar a muchos habitantes debido a los graves daños en la estructura de sus hogares, por lo anterior, es urgente conocer cuáles son las posibles fallas geológicas activas e inactivas existentes identificándolas por medio de datos vectoriales visualizadas por medio de Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG). El objetivo del presente análisis se centra en cartografiar por medio de métodos geomáticos las principales fallas geológicas con base en fotointerpretación y obtención de datos vectoriales del Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI) de las zonas urbanas actuales y del Atlas Nacional de Riesgos, con el objetivo de contrastar dicha información y evidenciar las problemáticas existentes. Se eligió la colonia San Juan de Aragón 1ra Sección como zona de estudio, con el objetivo de prevenir a la población con metodología utilizando Sistemas de Información Geográfica y notificar sobre posibles percances por fallas geológicas en su vivienda. Como conclusión la cartografía obtenida se deberá implementar en viviendas establecidas en sitios con algún grado de riesgo, el aporte del mapeo por medio de SIG fundará un contribución sustancial y precisa para instaurar mecanismos de protección civil en la población de la CDMX, así mismo, dicho aporte pueda replicarse en diversas partes del mundo donde las problemáticas sean similares a la zona examinada.

Role of prior immunity in binding to spike of "future" Omicron subvariants.

BACKGROUND: Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, virus evolution and large-scale vaccination programs have caused multiple exposures to SARS CoV-2 spike protein, resulting in complex antibody profiles. The binding of these to spike protein of "future" variants in the context of such heterogeneous exposure has not been studied. METHODS: We tested archival sera (Delta and Omicron period) stratified by anti-spike antibody (including IgG) levels for reactivity to Omicron-subvariants(BA.1, BA.2,BA.2.12.1, BA.2.75, BA.4/5 and BF.7) spike protein. Assessed antigenic distance between groups using Antigenic Cartography and performed hierarchical clustering of antibody data in a Euclidean distance framework. RESULTS: Antibody (including IgG) antibody reactivity to Wild-type (CLIA) and subvariants (ELISA) spike protein were similar between periods (p > 0.05). Both 'High S' and 'Low S' of Delta and Omicron periods were closely related to "future" subvariants by Antigenic Cartography. Sera from different S groups clustered together with 'Low S' interspersed between 'High S' on hierarchical clustering, suggesting common binding sites. Further, anti-spike antibodies (including IgG) to Wild-type (S1/S2 and Trimeric S) clustered with Omicron-subvariant binding antibodies. CONCLUSIONS: Hybrid immunity caused by cumulative virus exposure in Delta or Omicron periods resulted in equivalent binding to "future" variants, which might be due to binding to conserved regions of spike protein of future variants. A prominent finding is that the 'Low S' antibody demonstrates similar binding.

Cross-neutralizing antibody against emerging Omicron subvariants of SARS-CoV-2 in infection-naïve individuals with homologous BNT162b2 or BNT162b2(WT + BA.4/5) bivalent booster vaccination.

Since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, different variants and subvariants successively emerged to dominate global virus circulation as a result of immune evasion, replication fitness or both. COVID-19 vaccines continue to be updated in response to the emergence of antigenically divergent viruses, the first being the bivalent RNA vaccines that encodes for both the Wuhan-like and Omicron BA.5 subvariant spike proteins. Repeated infections and vaccine breakthrough infections have led to complex immune landscapes in populations making it increasingly difficult to assess the intrinsic neutralizing antibody responses elicited by the vaccines. Hong Kong's intensive COVID-19 containment policy through 2020-2021 permitted us to identify sera from a small number of infection-naïve individuals who received 3 doses of the RNA BNT162b2 vaccine encoding the Wuhan-like spike (WT) and were boosted with a fourth dose of the WT vaccine or the bivalent WT and BA.4/5 spike (WT + BA.4/5). While neutralizing antibody to wild-type virus was comparable in both vaccine groups, BNT162b2 (WT + BA.4/BA.5) bivalent vaccine elicited significantly higher plaque neutralizing antibodies to Omicron subvariants BA.5, XBB.1.5, XBB.1.16, XBB.1.9.1, XBB.2.3.2, EG.5.1, HK.3, BA.2.86 and JN.1, compared to BNT162b2 monovalent vaccine. The single amino acid substitution that differentiates the spike of JN.1 from BA.2.86 resulted in a profound antigenic change.

Entre territórios pandêmicos: cartografia de um Consultório na Rua durante a pandemia de covid-19 / Exploring pandemic territories: cartography of a street clinic during the covid-19 pandemic / Entre territorios pandémicos: cartografía de un Consultorio en la Calle durante la pandemia de covid-19

O objetivo do presente artigo foi realizar uma cartografia de um Consultório na Rua, durante o período da pandemia de covid-19. A cartografia foi produzida por uma vivência no consultório de um município de grande porte no sul do Brasil, de agosto de 2021 a janeiro de 2022. Foi perceptível que a locomoção e o funcionamento do serviço reconhecem outros territórios das Pessoas em Situação de Rua, muitas vezes não percebidos por outros pontos do Sistema Único de Saúde. Foram encontradas tanto as barreiras já estabelecidas historicamente quanto as emergentes da pandemia. Foi vivenciado que a esta população não utiliza o território do modo que a cidade racionalizada planeja, sendo, portanto, singular. O reconhecimento do serviço, aliado à compreensão de como as Pessoas em Situação de Rua vivem no território urbano, em cada realidade, mostrou-se essencial para a produção de cuidado.

The objective of this article was to conduct a cartographic study of a street clinic during the covid-19 pandemic. The cartography was based on an experiential approach in a street clinic located in a major city in southern Brazil, between August 2021 and January 2022. It became evident that the flows and operation of the service acknowledged the alternative territories inhabited by the homeless population, often overlooked by other parts of Brazil's Unified Health System. Both historically established barriers and those emerging from the pandemic were encountered. It was observed that the homeless population does not conform to rationalized urban plans, displaying unique patterns of engagement with the urban territory. Recognizing the significance of the service, coupled with a comprehensive understanding of the unique living conditions of homeless individuals, proved indispensable for the provision of effective care.

El objetivo de este artículo fue realizar una cartografía de un Consultorio en la Calle durante el período de la pandemia del covid-19. La cartografía fue producida por una experiencia en un Consultorio en la Calle en una gran ciudad del sur de Brasil, de agosto de 2021 a enero de 2022. Se pudo observar que la locomoción y operación del servicio reconocen otros territorios habitados por personas en situación de calle, a menudo no percibidos por otros puntos del Sistema Único de Salud. Se encontraron barreras, tanto históricamente establecidas como emergentes debido a la pandemia. Se constató que la población en situación de calle no utiliza el territorio de la forma planificada por la ciudad racionalizada. El reconocimiento del servicio, junto con la comprensión de cómo viven las personas en situación de calle en el territorio urbano en cada realidad, se mostró fundamental para la producción del cuidado.

Skin dark spot mapping and evaluation of brightening product efficacy using Line-field Confocal Optical Coherence Tomography (LC-OCT).

BACKGROUND: Facial dark spots remain a significant challenge for the cosmetic industry, in terms of providing effective treatment. Using Line-field Confocal Optical Coherence Tomography (LC-OCT), we investigated the internal structural features of photo-aging spot areas and evaluated the efficacy of a skin-brightening cosmetic product. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-six Asian female volunteers, aged between 29 and 65 years, applied a cosmetic product on their entire face twice a day for 2 months. LC-OCT was used to evaluate the dermal-epidermal junction (DEJ) undulation and the volume density of melanin in the epidermis at D0 and D56. Skin brightening and redness were also assessed by photography (SkinCam). RESULTS: Using LC-OCT technology, various microscopic dark spot morphologies, spanning from minimally deformed DEJ to complex DEJ patterns, were identified. Dark spots characterized by slight deformities in the DEJ were predominantly observed in the youngest age group, while older volunteers displayed a wavier pattern. Furthermore, a total of 44 spots were monitored to evaluate the brightening product efficacy. A statistically significant reduction in melanin volumetric density of 7.3% in the spots and 12.3% in their surrounding area was observed after 56 days of product application. In line with these results, an analysis of color parameters using SkinCam reveals a significant increase in brightening and decrease in redness in both pigmented spots and the surrounding skin following application. CONCLUSIONS: LC-OCT proves to be a valuable tool for in-depth dark spots characterization and assessment of skin brightening products, enabling various applications in the field of dermatological sciences.

MEA-NAP compares microscale functional connectivity, topology, and network dynamics in organoid or monolayer neuronal cultures.

Microelectrode array (MEA) recordings are commonly used to compare firing and burst rates in neuronal cultures. MEA recordings can also reveal microscale functional connectivity, topology, and network dynamics-patterns seen in brain networks across spatial scales. Network topology is frequently characterized in neuroimaging with graph theoretical metrics. However, few computational tools exist for analyzing microscale functional brain networks from MEA recordings. Here, we present a MATLAB MEA network analysis pipeline (MEA-NAP) for raw voltage time-series acquired from single- or multi-well MEAs. Applications to 3D human cerebral organoids or 2D human-derived or murine cultures reveal differences in network development, including topology, node cartography, and dimensionality. MEA-NAP incorporates multi-unit template-based spike detection, probabilistic thresholding for determining significant functional connections, and normalization techniques for comparing networks. MEA-NAP can identify network-level effects of pharmacologic perturbation and/or disease-causing mutations and, thus, can provide a translational platform for revealing mechanistic insights and screening new therapeutic approaches.

Cartografia das estratégias utilizadas para o trabalho colaborativo em equipes de saúde da família / Cartografía de las estrategias utilizadas para el trabajo colaborativo en equipos de salud de la familia / Strategies used for collaborative work in family health teams: a cartographic analysis

O estudo objetivou mapear as estratégias utilizadas para o trabalho colaborativo em equipes de Saúde da Família (eSF) inseridas na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS), em um município do norte de Minas. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, com a proposta metodológica da Cartografia. Os dados foram produzidos em quatro eSF por meio de observação participante, questionário de identificação, diário cartográfico, entrevista semiestruturada individual e grupo focal. A análise do discurso e o rastreio cartográfico possibilitaram a construção de duas categorias temáticas e um mapa cartográfico. Alcançou-se que as estratégias, consideradas linhas de fuga, permitem transformações existenciais no trabalho em equipe, pois originam nascentes em solos cristalizados, pensamentos problematizadores, subjetividade e interações disciplinares. Concluiu-se que as linhas duras não devem ser eliminadas do trabalho em equipe, pois coexistem nessa realidade, e o que importa é como são vivenciadas nas relações.(AU)

El objetivo del estudio fue mapear las estrategias utilizadas para el trabajo colaborativo en equipos de Salud de la Familia (eSF), inseridas en la Atención Primaria de la Salud, en un municipio del Norte de Minas Gerais. Se trata de un estudio cualitativo, con la propuesta metodológica de la Cartografía. Los datos se produjeron en cuatro eSF, por medio de observación participativa, cuestionario de identificación, diario cartográfico, entrevista semiestructurada individual y grupo focal. El análisis del discurso y el rastreo cartográfico posibilitaron la construcción de dos categorías temáticas y un mapa cartográfico. Se vio que las estrategias, consideradas líneas de fuga, permiten transformaciones en el trabajo en equipo, puesto que originan manantiales en suelos cristalizados, pensamientos problematizadores, subjetividad e interacciones disciplinarias. Se concluyó que las líneas duras no deben eliminarse del trabajo en equipo, puesto que coexisten en esta realidad y lo que importa es cómo se experimentan en las relaciones.(AU)

The study aimed to map the strategies used for collaborative work in Family Health Teams (FHT), inserted in Primary Health Care, in a municipality in the North of Minas. This is a qualitative study, with the methodological proposal of Cartography. Data were produced in four FHT, through participant observation, identification questionnaire, cartographic diary, semi-structured individual interview and focus group. Discourse analysis and mapping screening enabled the construction of two thematic categories and a cartographic map. It was reached that the strategies, considered lines of flight, allow existential transformations in teamwork, since they originate springs in crystallized soils, problematizing thoughts, subjectivity, and disciplinary interactions. It was concluded that hard lines should not be eliminated from teamwork, for they coexist in this reality, and what matters is how they are experienced in relationships.(AU)

Vidas-obras-de-arte em composição: uma cartografia dos territórios de cuidado da população de rua / Composing work of art lives: a cartography of homeless people's care territories

Resumo Este artigo parte da problematização da concepção de cuidado difundida pelo discurso biomédico, para assim pensar a produção de cuidado entre a população de rua, tendo como objetivo principal dar visibilidade à produção de territórios de cuidado nas ruas. O cuidado é um conceito complexo, tendo em vista sua dimensão ontológica, que nos leva a compreendê-lo como uma condição existencial, uma vez que existimos a partir e por meio do cuidado. Assim, para acompanhar os processos de composição de territórios de cuidado entre pessoas em situação de rua, lançou-se mão da cartografia como método de pesquisa. As cenas cartografadas apresentam a delimitação de territórios existenciais nas ruas, territórios que se caracterizam pelo seu nomadismo, não apenas por seu deslocamento no espaço e no tempo, mas também por suas variabilidades e composições de conexões rizomáticas. No processo cartográfico, foi possível observar produção de redes de cuidado no cotidiano da população de rua, um cuidado que se produz a partir das relações estabelecidas com a alteridade. Nesse sentido, há de se estar atento aos sinais que vêm da rua, conhecer e reconhecer suas linhas de fuga, a fim de aprender outros jeitos de se encontrar no mundo e produzir cuidado.

Abstract This article starts from the problematization of the conception of care disseminated by the biomedical discourse, to think about the care production process among the homeless population, considering that the main objective of this article is to give visibility to the production of care territories on the streets. Care is a complex concept, due to its ontological dimension, which leads us to understand it as an existential condition, considering that we exist from and through care. Thus, cartography was adopted as the research method following the processes of care territories composition among homeless people. The mapped scenes present the delimitation of existential territories in the streets, territories characterized by their nomadism, understood as nomadic not only by their displacement through space and time but also by their variability and rhizomatic connections. In this cartographic process, it was possible to visualize the production of care networks in the daily routine of homeless people, care produced from the relations established with otherness. In this sense, it is necessary to be aware of the signs from the streets, intending to know and recognize their lines of escape, so we can learn other ways to meet ourselves in the world and produce care.

Dataset of conditions and characteristics of street vendors located in public spaces in Colombia.

The objective of this document is to introduce the datasets and the methods for accessing them, derived from the article "Social, commercial, and economic diversity. Poverty and expectations among street vendors in Florencia, Caquetá, Colombia." These datasets aim to provide insights into the conditions and characteristics of street vending in Colombia. The data collection process involved both mapping and personal surveys conducted on 190 street vendors. Additionally, practical recommendations are provided for tailoring the implementation of each survey instrument based on the specific attributes of the study's target demographic. The collected data holds the potential for comparative and longitudinal analyses, not only within different Colombian cities but also in cities worldwide facing similar circumstances to those of intermediate cities like Florencia. These datasets offer a valuable resource for understanding the dynamics of street vending and its implications, fostering more comprehensive research and informed policymaking.

A experiência da escrita para uma construção cartográfica: caderno digital itinerante como dispositivo / The writing experience for a cartographic construction: itinerant digital notebook as a device / La experiencia de escritura para una construcción cartográfica: el cuaderno digital itinerante como dispositivo

O objetivo deste trabalho foi discutir acerca da utilização de um dispositivo de pesquisa: o caderno digital itinerante, a partir do qual foi possível promover a construção conjunta de uma pesquisa, partindo do método cartográfico. A pesquisa de campo que deu origem a esta reflexão metodológica teve por objetivo principal cartografar experiências sapatão na cidade, por meio da construção conjunta de um caderno digital itinerante no qual as participantes, juntamente com a pesquisadora, escreviam sobre suas experiências como mulheres lésbicas e/ou pessoas que se reconheciam enquanto sapatão. Tendo como um dos instrumentos a análise do diário de campo, produzido durante a pesquisa, foi possível discutir em profundidade o enfoque metodológico adotado e questionar a dicotomia pesquisadora-objeto, provocando algumas reflexões acerca da temática da participação e do desenvolvimento de pesquisas on-line, sobretudo no período pandêmico. Por fim, apostar na cartografia enquanto método de pesquisa com e não sobre permitiu a produção de uma pesquisadora sapatão que pudesse se ocupar da escuta, lendo sobre diferentes processos de subjetivação e, com isso, produzindo outros sentidos para seu objeto de pesquisa. (AU)

The aim of this study was to discuss the use of a research tool: the itinerant digital notebook, which facilitated the collaborative construction of research based on the cartographic method. The field research that gave rise to this methodological reflection aimed to map dyke experiences in the city through the collaborative construction of an itinerant digital notebook. In this note-book, participants, alongside the researcher, wrote about their experiences as lesbian women and/or individuals who identified as dykes. Using the analysis of the field diary produced during the research as one of the instruments, it was possible to deeply discuss the adopted methodological approach and question the researcher-object dichotomy, prompting reflections on the theme of participation and the development of online research, especially during the pandemic period. Ultimately, embracing cartography as a research method with, not on, participants allowed the production of a dyke researcher who could engage in listening, reading about different processes of subjectivation, and thereby generating alternative meanings for her object of study. (AU)

El objetivo de este trabajo fue discutir el uso de un dispositivo de investigación: el cuaderno digital itinerante, a partir del cual fue posible promover la cons-trucción conjunta de una investigación, a partir del método cartográfico. La investigación de campo que dio origen a esta reflexión metodológica tuvo como objetivo principal mapear las experiencias lesbianas en la ciudad, a través de la construcción conjunta de un cuaderno digital itinerante en el que las parti-cipantes, junto con la investigadora, escribieron sobre sus experiencias como lesbianas y/o personas que se reconocían como bolleras/camioneras. Teniendo como uno de los instrumentos el análisis del diario de campo producido durante la investigación, fue posible discutir en profundidad el abordaje metodológico adoptado y cuestionar la dicotomía investigadora-objeto, provocando algunas reflexiones sobre el tema de la participación y el desarrollo de investigación, especialmente en el período de pandemia. Finalmente, apostar por la carto-grafía como método de investigación con participantes y no sobre las partici-pantes permitió producir una investigadora lesbiana que podía ocuparse de escuchar, leer sobre diferentes procesos de subjetivación y, con eso, producir otros significados para su objeto de investigación. (AU)

Key Amino Acid Residues That Determine the Antigenic Properties of Highly Pathogenic H5 Influenza Viruses Bearing the Clade 2.3.4.4 Hemagglutinin Gene.

The H5 subtype highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses bearing the clade 2.3.4.4 HA gene have been pervasive among domestic poultry and wild birds worldwide since 2014, presenting substantial risks to human and animal health. Continued circulation of clade 2.3.4.4 viruses has resulted in the emergence of eight subclades (2.3.4.4a-h) and multiple distinct antigenic groups. However, the key antigenic substitutions responsible for the antigenic change of these viruses remain unknown. In this study, we analyzed the HA gene sequences of 5713 clade 2.3.4.4 viruses obtained from a public database and found that 23 amino acid residues were highly variable among these strains. We then generated a series of single-amino-acid mutants based on the H5-Re8 (a vaccine seed virus) background and tested their reactivity with a panel of eight monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Six mutants bearing amino acid substitutions at positions 120, 126, 141, 156, 185, or 189 (H5 numbering) led to reduced or lost reactivity to these mAbs. Further antigenic cartography analysis revealed that the amino acid residues at positions 126, 156, and 189 acted as immunodominant epitopes of H5 viruses. Collectively, our findings offer valuable guidance for the surveillance and early detection of emerging antigenic variants.

Fazer-se manada, coexistir na diferença: a experiência de cartografar um processo de criação em dança / Becoming a herd, coexisting in difference: the experience of mapping a process of creation in dance / Convertirse en manada, convivir en la diferencia: la experiencia de mapear un proceso creativo en la danza

Esse trabalho decorre da produção da pesquisa "Potências clínicas nos corpos em criação nas experimentações artísticas do programa TOCCA" realizada durante os anos de 2018 e 2021. O artigo se volta a mostrar a análise cartográfica de um dos grupos observados e os processos de constituição de corpos dançarinos e de uma obra em dança. Compreendeu-se que o entrelaçamento dos conhecimentos da terapia ocupacional e das artes da cena pode vir a criar saberes transversais, desde as práticas de educação somática, que fortalecem e ampliam ambos os campos em suas potências éticas, estéticas e políticas. Bem como, podem instaurar um dispositivo poético clínico para a produção do comum. (AU)

This work stems from the production of the research "Clinical potencies in bodies under creation in the artistic experimentations of the TOCCA program" carried out during the years 2018 and 2021. The article returns to show the analysis of one of the observed groups and the processes of constitution of dancing bodies and a work in dance. It was understood that the interweaving of knowledge from occupational therapy and performing arts can create transversal knowledge, from somatic education practices, which strengthen and expand both fields in their ethical, aesthetic and political powers. As well as, they can establish a clinical poetic device for the production of the common. (AU)

Este trabajo surge de la producción de la investigación "Potencias clínicas en cuerpos en creación en las experimentaciones artísticas del programa TOCCA" realizada durante los años 2018 y 2021. El artículo vuelve a mostrar el análisis de uno de los grupos observados y los procesos de constitución de cuerpos danzantes y un trabajo en danza. Se entendió que el entrecruzamiento de los saberes de la terapia ocupacional y las artes escénicas puede generar conocimientos transversales, a partir de prácticas de educación somática, que fortalezcan y amplíen ambos campos en sus poderes éticos, estéticos y políticos. Así como, pueden establecer un dispositivo poético clínico para la producción de lo común. (AU)

Accessing specialty consultations and procedures in Centre-Val de Loire region / Accès aux actes et consultations de second recours en région Centre-Val de Loire

Introduction: In the Centre-Val de Loire region, the demography of specialty care is characterized by a strong deficit and many territorial inequalities that lead to significant difficulties in accessing care. The study has being conducted at the level of the Professional Territorial Health Communities (CPTS) which structuring the region, which is the ideal framework for implementing public health actions resulting from this study. Purpose of research: The aim of this study was to objectify these difficulties and their geography, based on the calculation of the comparative consumption index (CCI), in order to measure the differences between expected consumption and observed consumption, and to quantify the number of "missing" doctors to meet the needs of the population. Results: The study shows a deficit in care-seeking for specialty care, in particular an incompatibility between care needs and care offers in the living environment, as well as strong territorial inequalities, with marked differences between private consumption and hospital consumption. The region experiences a deficit of 25% of liberal medical specialists in order to meet the needs of its population. Conclusions: Accessibility to care is not only defined by the proximity of doctors, and their density; the proximity of areas of activity being a factor associated with better access to health care. This study also makes it possible to identify priority areas of action, specialty by specialty, to strengthen access to specialty care, and propose a fairer distribution of the care offer, in particular through interns' internships, and the coordinated and territorial organization of specialist doctors.

Introduction: En région Centre-Val de Loire, l'offre de soins de second recours se caractérise par une démographie déficitaire et par de fortes inégalités territoriales, entraînant d'importantes difficultés d'accès aux soins. L'étude a été menée à l'échelle des communautés professionnelles territoriales de santé (CPTS) maillant la région, cadre idéal pour concrétiser des actions de santé publique. But de l'étude: Le but de cette étude était d'objectiver ces difficultés et leur géographie, sur la base du calcul de l'indice comparatif de consommation (ICC), afin de mesurer les écarts entre la consommation attendue et la consommation observée, et de quantifier le nombre de médecins nécessaires pour répondre aux besoins de la population, et qui sont donc actuellement « manquants ¼. Résultats: On observe un sous-recours aux soins de spécialité, notamment une inadéquation entre les besoins et l'offre de soins sur les lieux de vie, ainsi que de fortes inégalités territoriales, avec des différences marquées entre le recours libéral et le recours aux actes et consultations externes en secteur hospitalier. La région connaîtrait un déficit de 25 % de médecins spécialistes libéraux pour répondre aux besoins de sa population. Conclusions: L'accessibilité aux soins ne se résume pas à la proximité des soignants ni à leur densité, la proximité de zones d'activité étant un facteur associé à un meilleur recours aux soins. Cette étude permet d'identifier des zones d'action prioritaire par spécialité, pour renforcer l'accès au second recours et construire une plus juste répartition de l'offre, notamment par le déploiement de stages d'internes et l'organisation coordonnée et territoriale des médecins spécialistes hors médecine générale.

Antigenic mapping of the hemagglutinin of the H9 subtype influenza A viruses using sera from Japanese quail (Coturnix c. japonica).

IMPORTANCE: Determining the relevant amino acids involved in antigenic drift on the surface protein hemagglutinin (HA) is critical to understand influenza virus evolution and efficient assessment of vaccine strains relative to current circulating strains. We used antigenic cartography to generate an antigenic map of the H9 hemagglutinin (HA) using sera produced in one of the most relevant minor poultry species, Japanese quail. Key antigenic positions were identified and tested to confirm their impact on the antigenic profile. This work provides a better understanding of the antigenic diversity of the H9 HA as it relates to reactivity to quail sera and will facilitate a rational approach for selecting more efficacious vaccines against poultry-origin H9 influenza viruses in minor poultry species.