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Introduction: Despite the rapid growth of interdisciplinary resilience research in Chinese contexts, no study has systematically reviewed individual-level measurement scales for Chinese-speaking populations. We report a systematic review of scales developed for or translated/adapted to Chinese-speaking contexts, where we assessed how widely used scales fare in terms of their psychometric qualities. Methods: Studies included in this review must have been published in peer-reviewed English or Chinese journals between 2015-2020 and included self-reported resilience scales in Chinese-speaking populations. Searches were conducted in PsycINFO, CNKI (completed in May 2021), and PubMed (completed in January 2024). We developed coding schemes for extracting relevant data and adapted and applied an existing evaluation framework to assess the most frequently used resilience scales by seven methodological criteria. Results: Analyses of 963 qualified studies suggested that Chinese resilience scales were used in a diverse range of study contexts. Among 85 unique kinds of resilience measures, we highlighted and evaluated the three most frequently used translated scales and three locally developed scales (nine scales in total including variations such as short forms). In short, resilience studies in Chinese contexts relied heavily on the translated 25-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, which scored moderately on the overall quality. The locally developed Resilience Scale for Chinese Adolescents and Essential Resilience Scale received the best ratings but could use further development. Discussion: We discussed how future work may advance widely used scales, and specified seven methodological recommendations for future resilience scale development with existing and new scales in and beyond the Chinese study contexts. We further addressed issues and challenges in measuring resilience as a process and called on researchers to further develop/evaluate process measures for Chinese-speaking populations.
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OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to examine predictors and moderators of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Chinese cultural contexts. STUDY DESIGN: A meta-analysis and meta-regression analyses were conducted to examine the associations between predictors and vaccine hesitancy as well as moderators that may impact these associations. METHODS: We searched relevant articles from January 1, 2020, to May 12, 2022, in the databases of Web of Science, PubMed, ProQuest, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global and CNKI. Weighted average effect sizes (e.g., odds ratio) and 95% confidence intervals were computed in Comprehensive Meta-Analysis 3.0 using random-effects models. Heterogeneity tests were conducted prior to moderation analyses. RESULTS: Results from 161 studies in 73 published articles (N = 705,957) were meta-analyzed. Perceived risk of COVID-19 infection, health status, medical workers' recommendation, recommendations from family and friends, and vaccine coverage among relatives and friends were significantly associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Chinese cultural contexts. Participant age, operationalization of vaccine hesitancy, and the time of each study exerted significant moderation effects. CONCLUSIONS: Both individual and relational factors influence vaccine hesitancy in Chinese cultural contexts Future vaccine promotion initiatives should focus on risk perceptions as well as influence from medical professionals, family and friends.