Luto e desejo na menopausa: contribuições psicanalíticas / Grief and desire in menopause: psychoanalytic contributions / Deuil et désir à la ménopause: apports psychanalytiques / Duelo y melancolia en la menopausia: aportes psicoanalíticos

Menopausa é o termo indicado pela OMS para nomear o último ciclo biológico da mulher, em que há o encerramento da capacidade reprodutiva feminina. Notando que o tema da menopausa parece despertar pouco interesse nas esferas social e científica e foi conotado negativamente pela teoria psicanalítica por um período, o objetivo deste artigo é traçar algumas considerações da psicanálise, partindo de Freud e Lacan, acerca do fenômeno. Para tal, utiliza-se o conceito de luto como operador teórico para reflexão do tema e enlaçamento com a teoria, passando por falas de mulheres menopáusicas. Considera-se, neste artigo, que o real da menopausa pode encontrar um caminho de tratamento que passe pelo luto e pelo simbólico, chegando ao desejo — colocando, assim, outras contribuições psicanalíticas a respeito do tema.

Resumos Menopause is the term indicated by the WHO to name the last biological cycle of the woman, in which there is the end of the female reproductive capacity. Noting that the topic of menopause seems to arouse little interest in the social and scientific spheres and was negatively connoted by psychoanalytic theory for a period, the purpose of this article is to outline some considerations of psychoanalysis, starting from Freud and Lacan, about the phenomenon. To this end, the concept of mourning is used as a theoretical operator to reflect on the theme and link it with the theory, passing through the speeches of menopausal women. It is considered, in this article, that the real of menopause can find a way of treatment that passes through mourning and the symbolic, reaching desire - thus placing other psychoanalytic contributions on the subject.

La ménopause est le terme indiqué par l'OMS pour nommer le dernier cycle biologique des femmes, dans lequel il y a la fin de la capacité reproductive féminine. Constatant que le thème de la ménopause semble susciter peu d'intérêt dans les sphères sociales et scientifiques et qu'il a été connoté négativement par la théorie psychanalytique, cet article retrace quelques considérations psychanalytique, basées sur Freud et Lacan, sur le phénomène. Pour ce faire, on utilise le concept de deuil comme opérateur théorique pour réfléchir au thème et le relier à la théorie, à travers les discours des femmes ménopausées. Il considère que le réel de la ménopause peut trouver une voie de traitement qui passe par le deuil et le symbolique, pour atteindre le désir — plaçant ainsi d'autres apports psychanalytiques sur le sujet.

La menopausia es el término que utiliza la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) para denominar el último ciclo biológico de la mujer, en el que se produce el final de la capacidad reproductiva femenina. A partir de las observaciones de que el tema de la menopausia parece despertar poco interés en las esferas social y científica, y que fue connotado de manera negativa por la teoría psicoanalítica durante un período, el propósito de este artículo es esbozar algunas consideraciones del psicoanálisis, a partir de Freud y Lacan, sobre el fenómeno. Para ello, se utiliza el concepto de duelo como operador teórico para reflexionar sobre el tema y vincularlo con la teoría, pasando por los discursos de las mujeres menopáusicas. Se considera, en este artículo, que lo real de la menopausia puede encontrar una vía de tratamiento que pasa por el duelo y lo simbólico, y alcanza el deseo, logrando así otros aportes psicoanalíticos al tema.

Isoflavone does not promote additional effects on heart rate variability of postmenopausal women performing combined exercise training: a clinical, controlled, randomized, double-blind study.

The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of ingesting isoflavones associated with combined aerobic and resistance exercise training on heart rate variability (HRV) indices in postmenopausal women. Twenty-eight healthy postmenopausal women performed 10 weeks of combined exercise training associated with isoflavone (n = 16) or placebo (n = 12) supplementation. The RR intervals (RRi) were collected for 20 min using a heart rate monitor. Analysis of HRV was performed in time (mean squared difference of successive RRi (RMSSD), standard deviation of all normal RRi (SDNN), and percentage of adjacent RRi differing by more than 50 ms (pNN50)), frequency (low-frequency percentage (LF%), high-frequency percentage (HF%), and low-/high-frequency ratio (LF/HF)), and nonlinear domains (standard deviation of the instantaneous variability of the beat-to-beat interval (SD1), long-term variability of the continuous RRi (SD2), and their ratio (SD2/SD1)). Student's t test did not show differences between groups in any general baseline characteristic variables. The results of the generalized estimating equation tests did not demonstrate interaction or group effects for any HRV indices. However, the results reported time effects for mean RR (p < 0.001), RMSSD (p = 0.044), and SD1 (p = 0.044), with increases in these indices in response to exercise training. There were no time effects for LF%, HF%, LF/HF, SDNN, pNN50, SD2, or SD2/SD1. In conclusion, isoflavone supplementation did not promote additional effects on HRV indices of postmenopausal women subjected to 10 weeks of combined exercise training. Novelty Combined training improves heart rate variability in postmenopausal women. Isoflavone supplementation did not promote additional effects on heart rate variability in postmenopausal women.

Contrôle de l'axe gonadotrope : nouveaux aspects physiologiques et thérapeutiques: Control of the gonadotrope axis: new physiologic and therapeutic aspects.

The endocrine and exocrine functions of the gonads are controlled by the gonadotrope axis, whose master regulator is the hypothalamic decapeptide GnRH. The Kisspeptin/Neurokinin B (Kp/NkB) neuronendocrine system is the main physiologic regulator of GnRH neurons. The Kp/NkB system is currently considered the key mediator for the hypothalamic negative feedback exerted by sex steroids and prolactin, as well as by various metabolic signals. Intrinsic alterations or regulatory abnormalities of Kp/NkB system lead to various gonadotrope axis puberty and fertility dysfunctions. Molecular inactivations of Kp/NkB system actors are associated with some forms of congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism without anosmia. The Kp/NkB System is also involved in a few forms of precocious puberty. Finally, the Kp/NKB system is also implicated in gonadotrope axis alterations leading to functional hypothalamic amenorrhea or hyperprolactinemia. NkB is particularly and directly involved in vasomotor menopausal hot flushes mechanism. Various Kp/NkB agonist/antagonist compounds have been developed during the last ten years, and are currently being evaluated in humans. These molecules have potential applications not only in rare genetic diseases with Kp/NkB alterations, but also in various gonadotrope axis-related diseases or in vitro fertilization. The administration of NkB antagonists in menopausal women represents a real therapeutic advance because of their impressive effect in controlling vasomotor menopausal hot flushes.