RESUMO
The infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) 4/91 was one of the common IBV variants isolated in Eastern Canada between 2013 and 2017 from chicken flocks showing severe respiratory and production problems. We designed an in vivo experiment, using specific pathogen free (SPF) chickens, to study the pathogenesis of, and host response to, Canadian (CAN) 4/91 IBV infection. At one week of age, the chickens were infected with 4/91 IBV/Ck/Can/17-038913 isolate. Swab samples were collected at predetermined time points. Five birds from the infected and the control groups were euthanized at 3, 7- and 10-days post-infection (dpi) to collect lung and kidney tissues. The results indicate IBV replication in these tissues at all three time points with prominent histological lesions, significant immune cell recruitment and up regulation of proinflammatory mediators. Overall, our findings add to the understanding of the pathogenesis of 4/91 infection and the subsequent host responses in the lungs and kidneys following experimental infection.
Assuntos
Infecções por Coronavirus/imunologia , Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno/imunologia , Vírus da Bronquite Infecciosa/patogenicidade , Rim/imunologia , Pulmão/imunologia , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/imunologia , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Proteínas Aviárias/genética , Proteínas Aviárias/imunologia , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/imunologia , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/virologia , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/imunologia , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/virologia , Canadá , Movimento Celular , Galinhas , Infecções por Coronavirus/patologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/veterinária , Infecções por Coronavirus/virologia , Expressão Gênica , Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno/genética , Vírus da Bronquite Infecciosa/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Vírus da Bronquite Infecciosa/imunologia , Interferon gama/genética , Interferon gama/imunologia , Interleucina-1beta/genética , Interleucina-1beta/imunologia , Rim/virologia , Pulmão/virologia , Macrófagos/imunologia , Macrófagos/virologia , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo II/genética , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo II/imunologia , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/patologia , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/virologia , Organismos Livres de Patógenos Específicos , Carga Viral , Replicação ViralRESUMO
In this study, immunoregulatory function of neuromedin U (Nmu) in the teleost fish Fugu (Takifugu rubripes) was characterized. Three splicing variants of nmu mRNA encoding preproNMUs consisting of 164 (Nmu1), 139 (Nmu2), and 129 (Nmu3) amino acid residues were found in Fugu.The biologically active C-terminal region of Fugu Nmu showed high homology among fish and other vertebrate NMUs. The genomic organization of Fugu nmu differed from those of zebrafish and mammals. However, in phylogenetic analysis, Fugu Nmu formed a cluster with NMUs of other vertebrates, in addition to neuromedin S. The splicing variants of mRNA were identified in various tissues. Nmu-21 and Nmu-9 were purified as endogenous peptides from Fugu intestine. The synthetic Nmu-21 peptide activated phagocytic cells, and elevated the expression of cytokine mRNA in peripheral blood leukocytes.