[Translated article] Dermoscopy of Squamous Cell Carcinoma: From Actinic Keratosis to Invasive Forms.

When the dermoscopy of squamous cell carcinoma and its precursors we differentiate among keratin-related, vascular, and pigment-related criteria. Non-pigmented actinic keratoses are characterized by the "strawberry pattern". Pigmented actinic keratosis shows a significant dermatoscopic overlap with lentigo maligna, but the presence of pigmented scales, erythema, and prominent follicles favors its diagnosis. Bowen's disease is characterized by clustered glomerular vessels, white-yellowish scales, and brown or grey dots arranged in lines in its pigmented variant. Finally, dermoscopy allows us to detect invasive squamous cell carcinoma in its early stages and differentiate it from its precursors. Furthermore, its presentation may vary depending on the degree of differentiation, with keratin-associated criteria predominating in well-differentiated tumors, while an atypical vascular pattern will predominate in poorly differentiated tumors.

Pigmented fungiform papillae of the tongue.

INTRODUCTION: Pigmented fungiform papillae of the tongue is a benign condition frequent in dark skin patients. It usually appears in the second or third decade of life, and it has been reported as autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. The diagnosis is clinical, but dermoscopy could be helpful: a classical rose petal pattern is observed. The pathogenesis is unknown, and no treatments are effective. CASE REPORT: We report a case of a 15-year-old girl with a pigmented fungiform papillae and a compatible dermatoscopy pattern. CONCLUSIONS: Knowing the existence of this entity and its characteristic dermoscopy, avoids additional invasive medical test. We have to know this entity because it is a variant of normality.

INTRODUCCIÓN: La pigmentación de las papilas fungiformes linguales es una condición benigna y relativamente frecuente en pacientes con piel oscura. Suele aparecer en la segunda o tercera décadas de la vida y se han descrito casos de herencia autosómica dominante. El diagnóstico es clínico, pero la dermatoscopia es de gran ayuda: presenta un patrón clásico en pétalos de rosa. La patogénesis se desconoce y no hay tratamientos efectivos. CASO CLÍNICO: Reportamos el caso de una niña de 15 años con pigmentación de las papilas fungiformes y con patrón dermatoscópico compatible. CONCLUSIONES: Conocer la existencia de esta afección y su característica dermatoscopia evita realizar pruebas invasivas adicionales, ya que se trata una variante de la normalidad.

Pigmentación de las papilas fungiformes linguales / Pigmented fungiform papillae of the tongue

Resumen Introducción: La pigmentación de las papilas fungiformes linguales es una condición benigna y relativamente frecuente en pacientes con piel oscura. Suele aparecer en la segunda o tercera décadas de la vida y se han descrito casos de herencia autosómica dominante. El diagnóstico es clínico, pero la dermatoscopia es de gran ayuda: presenta un patrón clásico en pétalos de rosa. La patogénesis se desconoce y no hay tratamientos efectivos. Caso clínico: Reportamos el caso de una niña de 15 años con pigmentación de las papilas fungiformes y con patrón dermatoscópico compatible. Conclusiones: Conocer la existencia de esta afección y su característica dermatoscopia evita realizar pruebas invasivas adicionales, ya que se trata una variante de la normalidad.

Abstract Introduction: Pigmented fungiform papillae of the tongue is a benign condition frequent in dark skin patients. It usually appears in the second or third decade of life, and it has been reported as autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. The diagnosis is clinical, but dermoscopy could be helpful: a classical rose petal pattern is observed. The pathogenesis is unknown, and no treatments are effective. Case report: We report a case of a 15-year-old girl with a pigmented fungiform papillae and a compatible dermatoscopy pattern. Conclusions: Knowing the existence of this entity and its characteristic dermoscopy, avoids additional invasive medical test. We have to know this entity because it is a variant of normality.

Dermoscopic Changes in Melanocytic Lesions in 368 Patients With Atypical Nevus Syndrome and Their Association With Melanoma Incidence: A Cohort Study. / Cambios en la dermatoscopia digital en lesiones melanocíticas en 368 pacientes con diagnóstico de síndrome de nevus atípicos y su asociación con el desarrollo de melanoma: estudio de cohorte.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Atypical nevus syndrome has been described as one of the main risk factors for melanoma. The aim of this study was to analyze dermoscopic changes observed in melanocytic lesions over a follow-up period of 5 years in patients with atypical nevus syndrome. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective follow-up study of a cohort of patients seen at a specialized skin cancer and digital body mapping clinic in Medellin, Colombia, between January 2017 and December 2022. We analyzed the dermoscopic changes observed during this period and explored their association with newly diagnosed melanoma. RESULTS: A total of 368 patients (187 women) with a median (interquartile range) age of 43 (37-51) years were included. The dermoscopic features observed at 5 years were an atypical network (222 patients, 60.3%), asymmetric globules (163, 44.2%), white-gray regression areas (105, 28.5%), lesion regression (72, 19.5%), a negative pigment network (59, 16%), asymmetric eccentric pigmentation (28, 7.6%), asymmetric projections (21, 5.7%), and asymmetric vascular patterns (8, 2.1%). Melanoma was diagnosed in 12.2% of patients during follow-up. Features significantly associated with a shorter time to melanoma onset were grayish-white areas (P <.001), asymmetric globules (P=.011), asymmetric eccentric pigmentation (P=.047), and a negative pigment network (P=.001). CONCLUSIONS: The main dermoscopic features of melanocytic lesions in patients with atypical nevus syndrome associated with progression to melanoma were grayish-white areas, asymmetric globules, asymmetric spots, and a negative pigment network.

[Translated article] Dermoscopic Changes in Melanocytic Lesions in 368 Patients With Atypical Nevus Syndrome and Their Association With Melanoma Incidence: A Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Atypical nevus syndrome has been described as one of the main risk factors for melanoma. The aim of this study was to analyze dermoscopic changes observed in melanocytic lesions over a follow-up period of 5 years in patients with atypical nevus syndrome. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective follow-up study of a cohort of patients seen at a specialized skin cancer and digital body mapping clinic in Medellin, Colombia, between January 2017 and December 2022. We analyzed the dermoscopic changes observed during this period and explored their association with newly diagnosed melanoma. RESULTS: A total of 368 patients (187 women) with a median (interquartile range) age of 43 (37-51) years were included. The dermoscopic features observed at 5 years were an atypical network (222 patients, 60.3%), asymmetric globules (163, 44.2%), white-gray regression areas (105, 28.5%), lesion regression (72, 19.5%), a negative pigment network (59, 16%), asymmetric eccentric pigmentation (28, 7.6%), asymmetric projections (21, 5.7%), and asymmetric vascular patterns (8, 2.1%). Melanoma was diagnosed in 12.2% of patients during follow-up. Features significantly associated with a shorter time to melanoma onset were grayish-white areas (P<.001), asymmetric globules (P=.011), asymmetric eccentric pigmentation (P=.047), and a negative pigment network (P=.001). CONCLUSIONS: The main dermoscopic features of melanocytic lesions in patients with atypical nevus syndrome associated with progression to melanoma were grayish-white areas, asymmetric globules, asymmetric spots, and a negative pigment network.

Avaliação morfológica dos glóbulos periféricos nos nevos melanocíticos e no melanoma através da dermatoscopia / Melanoma and melanocytic nevi with peripheral globules: Clinical and dermoscopic features

Introdução: A morfologia e biologia do nevo melanocítico (NM) com glóbulos periféricos (GP) é descrita como parte do processo natural de evolução do nevo melanocítico sendo caracterizada como fase de crescimento. Por outro lado, os melanomas cutâneos (MC) com glóbulos periféricos ainda permanecem indefinidos. Objetivos: avaliar e descrever as características dos melanomas com glóbulos periféricos à dermatoscopia e, com isso, criar um algoritmo de conduta para facilitar o manejo das lesões melanocíticas em crescimento. Como objetivo secundário, foi realizado análise prospectiva de lesões melanocíticas com glóbulos periféricos à dermatoscopia através da utilização do algoritmo proposto previamente buscando comprovar sua aplicabilidade clínica. Materiais e métodos: Fase 1, estudo retrospectivo, foram avaliadas lesões melanocíticas com GP de 2006 a 2020. As imagens dermatoscópicas destas lesões foram avaliadas por dermatoscopista experiente, através da análise estatística foi possível desenvolver um algoritmo de conduta. Fase 2, na amostra inicial foram incluídas lesões melanocíticas com GP entre 2020 e 2023. Com esta nova amostra, foi realizada a validação do algoritmo de conduta através da aplicação estatística de um modelo preditivo. Em um segundo momento, 04 observadores avaliaram as imagens dermatoscópicas através do algoritmo proposto sendo possível estimar seu desempenho. Resultados: Fase 1, das 401 lesões, 179 foram excisadas sendo 41 melanomas. Os melanomas foram mais comuns quando localizados nos membros inferiores (p<0,1) e se apresentavam com padrão dermatoscópico desorganizado. Enquanto os nevos melanocíticos foram mais comuns no tronco e com padrão organizado. Além disso, a presença de uma das seguintes estruturas: pontos e glóbulos atípicos, estruturas vasculares atípicas ou área de borrão apresentaram associação com melanoma. Fase 2, as 55 lesões coletadas foram excisadas e adicionadas ao banco de dados final (n= 456), a partir dos valores preditos deste banco de dados, foi possível estabelecer uma curva ROC cuja área sob a curva foi de 0,834 e acurácia de 71,21%. A análise dermatoscópica de quatro observadores demonstrou área sob a curva ROC de 0,627 a 0,765. Conclusão: Lesões melanocíticas com glóbulos periféricos apresentam maior risco para melanoma quando em indivíduos acima de 30 anos de idade, se localizadas nos membros inferior e com a presença de uma ou mais das seguintes estruturas: pontos e glóbulos atípicos e/ou estruturas vasculares atípicas e/ou área de borrão. Estas características encontradas foram validadas por modelo preditivo demonstrando um bom desempenho através da análise da curva ROC e índice de acurácia dentro do esperado

Introduction: The morphology and biology of melanocytic nevus (MN) with peripheral globules (PG) is described as part of the natural process of evolution of melanocytic nevus and is characterized as a growth phase. On the other hand, cutaneous melanomas (CM) with peripheral globules remain unclear. Objectives: To evaluate and describe in detail the characteristics of melanocytic lesions with peripheral globules at dermoscopy, therefore, create an algorithm of management of growing melanocytic lesions. As a secondary objective, a prospective analysis of melanocytic lesions with peripheral globules was carried out using the previously proposed algorithm, seeking to prove its clinical applicability. Materials and methods: Phase 1, retrospective study, melanocytic lesions with PG were evaluated from 2006 to 2020. The dermoscopic images of these lesions were evaluated by an experienced dermatoscopist, through statistical analysis it was possible to develop a management algorithm. Phase 2, melanocytic lesions with peripheral globules were included between 2020 and 2023. In this phase, a predictive model was fitted to the dataset to evaluate the algorithm accuracy and ROC curve. In a second moment, 04 observers evaluated the dermoscopic images using the proposed algorithm, making it possible to estimate its performance. Results: Phase 1, of the 401 lesions, 179 were excised, 41 of which were melanomas. Melanomas were more common when located on the lower limbs (p<0.1) and presented a disorganized dermoscopic pattern. While melanocytic nevi were more common on the trunk and with an organized pattern. In addition, the presence of one of the following structures: atypical dots and globules, atypical vessels or blotch was associated with melanoma. Phase 2, the 55 lesions collected were excised and added to the final database (n= 456), based on the predicted values from this database, it was possible to establish a ROC curve whose area under the curve was 0.834 and accuracy was 71 .21%. Dermoscopic analysis by four observers demonstrated an area under the ROC curve of 0.627 to 0.765. Conclusion: Melanocytic lesions with peripheral globules are the greatest risk of melanoma in individuals older than 30 years if located on the lower limbs and if lesions reveal one or more of the following structures: atypical dots and globules, atypical vessels, or blotch. These characteristics found were validated by a predictive model demonstrating an excellent performance index through ROC curve analysis and an accuracy index within expectations

Dermoscopy in Patch Testing: How Can It Help? / Uso del dermatoscopio en la lectura de pruebas epicutáneas: ¿qué puede aportar?

Interpreting patch test reactions is not easy. It requires experience and is characterized by high intraobserver and interobserver variability. It can sometimes be truly difficult to discern between a weak allergic reaction and an irritant reaction. A number of recent studies have investigated the dermoscopic features of patch test reactions. Homogeneous erythema is the main feature observed in patients with a positive allergic reaction, although dotted vessels, vesicles, crusts and yellow-orange areas may also provide clues. These features are somewhat similar to those observed in inflammatory conditions, such as eczema. In patients with an irritant reaction, the most common dermoscopic findings are the pore reaction pattern and perifollicular erythema. Dermoscopy could be useful for establishing a diagnosis in the case of doubtful patch test reactions.

Trichoscopy in Alopecia Areata. / Tricoscopia en la alopecia areata.

Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disease that affects the hair follicle and can present as bald patches on the scalp and hair loss in other parts of the body. Diagnosis is clinical but can be aided by trichoscopy, a simple, rapid technique that reduces the need for invasive procedures and can also help with monitoring treatment response. We review the usefulness of trichoscopy in alopecia areata. The most common trichoscopic findings are yellow dots, black dots, exclamation mark hairs, short vellus hairs, and coudability hairs. Other, less common, findings can also help establish a diagnosis. Good response to treatment is indicated by the disappearance of black dots, broken hairs, and exclamation mark hairs. The observation of yellow dots, by contrast, indicates chronic disease and poor response to treatment.

Melanoma nodular amelanótico: a propósito de un caso / Amelanotic nodular melanoma: a case report

RESUMEN Introducción: El melanoma es un tumor maligno de estirpe melanocítica que constituye el sexto cáncer más frecuente en la población general y tiene una alta capacidad para producir metástasis. Aproximadamente el 95% de los melanomas primarios pertenecen a cuatro tipos clínico-patológicos: extensivo superficial, nodular, lentigo maligno y lentiginoso acral. El 5% restante corresponde a variantes menos frecuentes entre las que se encuentra el melanoma amelanótico, que representa entre el 0.4-27.5% de los casos de este subgrupo. Objetivo: Presentar un caso de un melanoma amelanótico, como una variante que puede acompañar a cualquier otro tipo clínico de melanoma, en este caso a uno de tipo nodular,lesión que, debido a su disminución o ausencia de pigmento, puede conducir a errores diagnósticos que inciden en la demora en el tratamiento y reducen la sobrevida de los pacientes que lo padecen. Caso Clínico: Se presenta el caso de un paciente de sexo masculino de 75 años que acude por presentar una lesión tumoral exofítica en la frente, de aproximadamente un año de evolución. Al examen físico se observa la lesión tumoral cupuliforme, eritematosa y brillante, que bajo dermatoscopio de luz polarizada muestra un patrón vascular polimorfo a predominio de vasos lineales gruesos. Se plantean varios diagnósticos diferenciales entre los que se destacan: carcinoma basocelular, granuloma piógeno, linfoma y metástasis cutáneas; se realiza una toma de muestra para biopsia y técnicas de tinción con inmunohistoquímica, que confirman el diagnóstico de melanoma, se decide exéresis de la tumoración con márgenes y seguimiento multidisciplinario del caso. Conclusiones: Las variantes hipo/amelanóticas del melanoma son poco frecuentes y su diagnóstico presenta dificultades que suelen generar demoras que influyen en el tratamiento y pronóstico de la enfermedad. La dermatoscopía se presenta como una herramienta sumamente útil que puede aumentar la sospecha diagnóstica de estos tumores, aunque el estudio histopatológico continúa siendo el patrón de referencia para el diagnóstico, así como para el abordaje terapéutico y seguimiento ulteriores.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Melanoma is a malignant melanocytic tumor that constitutes the sixth most frequent cancer in the general population and has a high capacity to produce metastasis. Approximately 95% of primary melanomas belong to four clinicopathological types: extensive superficial, nodular, lentigo maligna, and acral lentiginous. The remaining 5% correspond to less frequent variants, among which is amelanotic melanoma, that represents between 0.4-27.5% of the cases in this subgroup. Objective: To present a case of an amelanotic melanoma, as a variant that can accompany any other clinical type of melanoma, in this case a nodular type, a lesion that, due to its decrease or absence of pigment, can lead to diagnostic errors that affect the delay in treatment and reduce the survival of patients who suffer from it. Clinical Case: The case of a 75-year-old male patient who presents with an exophytic tumor lesion on the forehead of approximately one year of evolution. Physical examination reveals a bright, erythematous, dome-shaped tumor which shows a polymorphous vascular pattern with a predominance of thick linear vessels under a polarized light dermatoscope. Several differential diagnoses are proposed, among which the following stand out: basal cell carcinoma, pyogenic granuloma, lymphoma, and skin metastases; a sample is taken for biopsy and staining techniques with immunohistochemistry, which confirm the diagnosis of melanoma, it is decided to excise the tumor with margins and multidisciplinary follow-up of the case. Conclusions: The hypo / amelanotic variants of melanoma are rare and their diagnosis presents difficulties that usually generate delays that influence the treatment and prognosis of the disease. Dermoscopy is presented as an extremely useful tool that can increase the diagnostic suspicion of these tumors, although the histopathological study continues being the gold standard for diagnosis, as well as for the therapeutic approach and subsequent follow-up.

La tricoscopía como herramienta diagnóstica en afecciones del pelo y el cuero cabelludo

RESUMEN La tricoscopía es la técnica que permite visualizar, sin distinción de la región corporal, las fibras capilares, las aberturas foliculares, la epidermis circundante y los vasos sanguíneos, mediante un dermatoscopio o videodermatoscopio. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en las bases de datos Medline, PubMed y SciELO, entre enero y abril de 2021, con el objetivo de conocer los aspectos básicos de la técnica y los principales hallazgos tricoscópicos en pacientes sanos y con diagnóstico de enfermedades pilosas. Los términos de búsqueda incluyeron "tricoscopía", "dermatoscopía", "pelo" y "alopecia", en español y en inglés; para su delimitación se usó el tesauro DeCS-Descriptores en Ciencias de la Salud. La búsqueda reveló 70 artículos, de los cuales 39 cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. El 83 % de los trabajos pertenecían a conocimientos de la técnica y hallazgos tricoscópicos asociados a enfermedades pilosas. El 17 % expresaban conceptos actuales de las entidades que afectan estas áreas. Se describieron los elementos básicos de la tricoscopía y hallazgos tricoscópicos en pacientes sanos y aquellos que padecían alguna afección regional. Al analizar el comportamiento de los artículos y su representatividad en las revistas científicas, se apreció que International Journal of Trichology y Skin Appendage Disorders, fueron las que aportaron más estudios. El papel de la tricoscopía es indiscutible en el diagnóstico de patologías del pelo y el cuero cabelludo. El conocimiento de la técnica y de los patrones tricoscópicos descritos y adaptables para entidades específicas, resultan importantes para realizar un análisis y seguimiento adecuado de los casos.

ABSTRACT Trichoscopy is the technique that allows to visualize perifollicular epidermis and blood vessels, without distinction of the corporal region, hair fibers and follicular openings, by means of a dermatoscope or videodermatoscope. A bibliographic review was carried out in Medline, PubMed and SciELO databases between January and April 2021, with the aim of understanding the main aspects of the technique and the main trichoscopic findings in healthy patients and in those with diagnosis of hair diseases. The search terms included "trichoscopy", "dermatoscopy", "hair" and "alopecia", in Spanish and in English; the DeCS-Descriptors in Health Sciences thesaurus was used for the delimitation. The search revealed 70 articles of which only 39 met the inclusion criteria. 83 % of the papers belonged to technique knowledge and trichoscopic findings associated to hair diseases. 17 % stated current concepts of the entities that affect these areas. There were described basic elements of trichoscopy and trichoscopic findings in healthy patients and in those suffering any regional condition. When analyzing the behavior of the articles and their representativeness in scientific journals, it was found that International Journal of Trichology and Skin Appendage Disorders, were those publications that contributed with more studies. The role of trichoscopy is unquestionable in hair and scalp pathologies. Knowledge of the technique and the trichoscopic patterns described and adaptable to specific entities are important to carry out an adequate analysis and follow-up of cases.

Series of Fourteen Cases of Topical Imiquimod 5% in Lentigo Maligna: Treatment Modalities and Clues for Detecting Recurrences. / [Artículo traducido] Serie de 14 casos de tratamiento con imiquimod tópico al 5% en lentigo maligno: modalidades terapéuticas y claves para detectar recidivas.

Topical imiquimod has been used off-label as monotherapy or adjuvant treatment for lentigo maligna. Our aim is to describe treatment modalities, clinical outcomes, and management of recurrence in patients receiving imiquimod for lentigo maligna. Patients from our unit with lentigo maligna or lentigo maligna melanoma treated with imiquimod 5% as monotherapy or in combination with surgery were included in this study. Fourteen cases were recruited (85.7% lentigo maligna and 14.3% lentigo maligna melanoma). Eight patients (57.1%) received imiquimod without surgery, and six (42.9%) underwent narrow excision before beginning treatment. During the follow-up period, pigmentation reappeared in 6 patients (4 postinflammatory hyperpigmentation and 2 relapses). Relapses were managed with very narrow excision (1 mm margin) and retreatment with imiquimod 5%. All imiquimod modalities showed well-tolerated side effects and low recurrence rates, with long periods of follow-up. Imiquimod appears to be a versatile option for treating LM in suitable candidates.

Reasons for Referral and Epidemiological Characteristics of Patients Seen at a Dedicated Dermoscopy Unit in a Spanish Tertiary Care Hospital. / Motivos de derivación y características epidemiológicas de los pacientes atendidos en una consulta monográfica de dermatoscopia de un hospital terciario español.

Dedicated dermoscopy units assess individuals at high risk for melanoma. Understanding the reasons for referral to these units and the epidemiological profile of referred patients can help optimize health care resources and determine who benefits most from dermoscopic evaluation. We analyzed reasons for referral and epidemiological characteristics of 413 patients with at least 1 high-risk factor for melanoma seen at a dedicated dermoscopy unit over a period of 10 years. We also analyzed the number of necessary excisions (NNE) for each melanoma diagnosed, histologic features, and associations between nonenvironmental factors and diagnosis. The main reasons for referral were a past history of melanoma (21.5%), changes detected by the patient or a relative (20%), clinical and/or dermoscopic findings suggestive of malignancy (19.4%), and a family history of melanoma (17.4%). Seventy-six of the 178 excised lesions were melanomas (NNE per melanoma detected, 2.34). Older age was the only risk factor significantly associated with the development of melanoma.

Series of Fourteen Cases of Topical Imiquimod 5% in Lentigo Maligna: Treatment Modalities and Clues for Detecting Recurrences.

Topical imiquimod has been used off-label as monotherapy or adjuvant treatment for lentigo maligna. Our aim is to describe treatment modalities, clinical outcomes, and management of recurrence in patients receiving imiquimod for lentigo maligna. Patients from our unit with lentigo maligna or lentigo maligna melanoma treated with imiquimod 5% as monotherapy or in combination with surgery were included in this study. Fourteen cases were recruited (85.7% lentigo maligna and 14.3% lentigo maligna melanoma). Eight patients (57.1%) received imiquimod without surgery, and six (42.9%) underwent narrow excision before beginning treatment. During the follow-up period, pigmentation reappeared in 6 patients (4 postinflammatory hyperpigmentation and 2 relapses). Relapses were managed with very narrow excision (1mm margin) and retreatment with imiquimod 5%. All imiquimod modalities showed well-tolerated side effects and low recurrence rates, with long periods of follow-up. Imiquimod appears to be a versatile option for treating LM in suitable candidates.

Dermoscopy as an Auxiliary Tool in the Assessment of Malassezia Folliculitis: An Observational Study.

Malassezia folliculitis is an under-recognizedentity commonly affecting the face and upper trunk. Clinical picture mimics acne vulgaris and diagnosis is challenging at times. 10% potassium hydroxide examination is usually performed to confirm the diagnosis. This study sought to describe the dermoscopic features in Malassezia folliculitis. Patients diagnosed clinically with Malassezia folliculitis and confirmed by 10% potassium hydroxide preparation were included in the study. Dermoscopy was performed with a videodermatoscope [Dinolite AM413ZT; Polarising] from the most representative lesion. A total of 45 patients (M:F = 1:0.8 ) were recruited. All patients had monomorphic papulo-pustular lesions. Itching was present in 64.4% patients. Dermoscopy reveled folliculocentricity (100%), perilesional background erythema (100%), dotted/linear/tortous vessels (88.9%), dirty white scaling (77.8%), hypo pigmentation of hair follicle (64.4%), coiled/looped hairs (57.8%) and broken hairs (13.3%). In conclusion, dermoscopy shows typical features in Malassezia folliculitis and can serve as a office based tool for identification of this entity.

Dermoscopy as an Auxiliary Tool in the Assessment of Malassezia Folliculitis: An Observational Study. / [Artículo traducido] Dermatoscopia como herramienta auxiliar en la evaluación de foliculitis por Malassezia: estudio observacional.

Malassezia folliculitis is an under-recognized entity commonly affecting the face and upper trunk. Clinical picture mimics acne vulgaris and diagnosis is challenging at times. Ten percent potassium hydroxide examination is usually performed to confirm the diagnosis. This study sought to describe the dermoscopic features in Malassezia folliculitis. Patients diagnosed clinically with Malassezia folliculitis and confirmed by 10% potassium hydroxide preparation were included in the study. Dermoscopy was performed with a videodermatoscope (Dino-Lite AM413ZT; Polarizer) from the most representative lesion. A total of 45 patients (M:F=1:0.8) were recruited. All patients had monomorphic papulo-pustular lesions. Itching was present in 64.4% patients. Dermoscopy reveled folliculocentricity (100%), perilesional background erythema (100%), dotted/linear/tortous vessels (88.9%), dirty white scaling (77.8%), hypopigmentation of hair follicle (64.4%), coiled/looped hairs (57.8%) and broken hairs (13.3%). In conclusion, dermoscopy shows typical features in Malassezia folliculitis and can serve as a office-based tool for identification of this entity.

Papel da dermatoscopia na distinção entre tinea nigra e nevo melanocítico acral / Role of Dermoscopy in Distinguishing Tinea Nigra from Acral Nevus

A dermatoscopia é uma ferramenta prática e não invasiva que pode ser usada para distinguir a tinea nigra de outras lesões que parecem macroscopicamente semelhantes, incluindo o nevo melanocítico acral. Sob a dermatoscopia, a tinea nigra se apresenta com um padrão de deposição de pigmento marromacinzentado espiculado, enquanto o nevo melanocítico acral geralmente se apresenta como deposição de pigmento marrom em um padrão de sulco paralelo.

Dermoscopy is a practical, non-invasive tool that can be used to distinguish tinea nigra from other lesions that appear macroscopically similar, including acral nevus. Under dermoscopy, tinea nigra presents with a pattern of spiculated gray-brown pigment deposition, whereas acral nevus most often presents as brown pigment deposition in a parallel furrow pattern.

Características clínico dermatoscópica de pacientes pediátricos con nevos melanocíticos congénitos / Dermatoscopic clinical characteristics of pediatric patients with congenital melanocytic nevi

Introducción: El nevo melanocítico congénito es una lesión pigmentada melanocítica, que está generalmente presente en el momento del nacimiento. La dermatoscopia es una técnica útil en el diagnóstico de los nevos. Objetivo: Examinar las características clínicas y dermatoscópicas de pacientes pediátricos con nevos melanocíticos congénitos. Métodos: Investigación de tipo descriptivo transversal. La población incluyó 340 pacientes pediátricos que asistieron a la consulta de dermatoscopia del Hospital Pediátrico Universitario "José Luis Miranda", Santa Clara, entre abril 2016- abril de 2017. La muestra quedó constituida por 128 pacientes con diagnóstico de nevos melanocíticos congénitos. Los datos obtenidos se analizaron a través del paquete estadístico SPSS 21.0. Se emplearon los métodos de la estadística descriptiva. Resultados: El cambio clínico más frecuente fue el crecimiento en 76 (47,8 por ciento) nevos. La localización más comprometida fue en los miembros superiores con 28 (17,6 por ciento) nevos. Existió una relación estadísticamente significativa (p< 0,05) entre el tamaño de los nevos y la localización en zonas fotoexpuestas con la presencia de cambios clínicos. El patrón en empedrado (27,7 por ciento) fue el más frecuente; sin embargo, el patrón globular (24,5 por ciento) se observó en todas las localizaciones. Ninguno de los nevos detectados empeoró hacia el melanoma maligno. Conclusiones: La mayoría de los nevos melanocíticos congénitos en este trabajo aparecieron desde el nacimiento. La presencia de cambios clínicos fue más evidente en las regiones fotoexpuestas. No se observó ningún nevo con estructuras o patrones dermatoscópicos relacionados con malignidad(AU)

Introduction: Congenital melanocytic nevi is a melanocytic pigmented lesion, which is usually present at birth. Dermatoscopy is a useful technique in the diagnosis of nevi. Objective: To examine the clinical and dermatoscopic characteristics of pediatric patients with congenital melanocytic nevi. Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive type research. The data obtained were analyzed through the SPSS 21.0 statistical package. The methods of descriptive statistics were used. Results: The most common clinical change was growth, in 76 (47.8 percent) nevi. The most compromised location was in the upper members with 28 (17.6 percent) nevi. There was a statistically significant relation (p< 0.05) among the size of the nevi and the location in photoexposed areas with the presence of clinical changes. The cobbled pattern (27.7 percent) was the most common; however, the globular pattern (24.5 percent) was observed in all locations. None of the detected nevi worsen towards malignant melanoma. Conclusions: Most congenital melanocytic nevi are shown from birth. The presence of clinical changes was most evident in photoexposed regions. No nevi was observed with dermatoscopic structures or patterns related to malignancy(AU)

Esporotricosis, una realidad aún presente en Chile: a propósito de un caso / Sporotrichosis, a reality still present in Chile: a case report

OBJETIVO: Reportar un caso de esporotricosis linfocutánea contraída en Chile y realizar una revisión de la literatura con énfasis en los hallazgos dermatoscópicos de las lesiones y en los casos reportados en el país. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente adulto mayor con lesiones nodulares ulceradas siguiendo trayecto linfático en extremidad superior derecha. RESULTADOS: Estudio micológico confirmó la presencia de Sporothrix schenckii. Se inició tratamiento con antifúngico oral con buena respuesta terapéutica. CONCLUSIONES: Existe un escaso número de reporte de esporotricosis linfocutánea contraída en Chile con confirmación micológica. Este es el único caso chileno con descripción dermatoscópica de las lesiones.

OBJETIVE: To report a case of lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis adquired in Chile and provide a review of the literature with emphasis on dermoscopic findings and previous cases reported in the country. CLINICAL CASE: An elderly patient presented with ulcerated nodular lesions following lymphatic vessels in his right upper limb.RESULTS: Mycological work-up confirmed the presence of Sporothrix schenkii. Oral antifungal treatment was initiated with good therapeutic response. CONCLUSIONS: Few case reports of lymphocutaneous sporotricosis adquired in Chile can be found in literature. Until now this is the only chilean case with dermoscopic description of the lesions.

Melanomas de diámetro pequeño: papel de la dermatoscopia y seguimiento con dermatoscopia digital / Small-diameter melanomas: role of dermoscopy and digital dermoscopy follow-up

Antecedentes: El reconocimiento de los melanomas de diámetro pequeño (MDP) a menudo plantea un desafío. Objetivos: Analizar el papel de la dermatoscopia y el seguimiento con dermatoscopia digital en el diagnóstico de los MDP. Diseño: Análisis retrospectivo, observacional, descriptivo, de una serie de 50 MDP diagnosticados entre 2015 y 2019. Resultados: De los MDP, 9 fueron motivo de consulta del paciente (MMC), 30 se detectaron durante el control rutinario de nevos (MMCR) y 11 se diagnosticaron por los cambios observados durante el seguimiento con dermatoscopia digital (MMDD). Cerca del 45% de los MMC fueron clasificados correctamente como lesiones malignas según la "regla ABCD de dermatoscopia"; esto se observó solo en el 20% de los MMCR y en ninguno de los MMDD. El algoritmo "caos y pistas" condujo a la extirpación en casi el 90% de los MMC, el 60% de los MMCR y el 50% de los MMDD. Los porcentajes de melanoma in situ fueron: 55% entre los MMC, 73,3% entre los MMCR y 72,9% entre los MMDD. En los melanomas invasores, el grosor de Breslow medio fue de 0,62 mm en el grupo MMC, de 0,5 mm en el MMCR y de 0,4 mm en el MMDD. Conclusiones: El uso rutinario de la dermatoscopia permite la detección de melanomas con bajo índice de sospecha que los pacientes podrían desconocer. Mediante el seguimiento digital es posible la detección de los melanomas incipientes que carecen no solo de criterios clínicos, sino también dermatoscópicos de malignidad.

Background: Recognition of small-diameter melanomas (SDM) is often challenging. Objective: To analyze the role of dermoscopy and follow-up with digital dermoscopy in the diagnosis of SDM. Design: Retrospective, observational, descriptive analysis of a series of 50 SDM diagnosed between 2015 and 2019. Results: Among the SMD, 9 cases were the patients' reason for consultation (MMC), 30 were detected during routine nevi control (MMCR) and 11 were diagnosed due to changes observed during followup with digital dermoscopy (MMDD). Near 45% of the MMC were correctly classified as malignant lesions according to the "ABCD rule of dermoscopy"; this was observed only in 20% of the MMCR and in none of the MMDD. The "chaos and clues" algorithm led to excision in almost 90% of MMC, 60% of MMCR, and 50% of MMDD. The percentages of in situ melanoma were: 55% in the MMC, 73.3% in the MMCR and 72.9% in the MMDD. Among invasive melanomas, mean Breslow thickness was 0.62 mm in the MMC group, 0.5 mm in the MMCR, and 0.4 mm in the MMDD. Conclusions: The routine use of dermoscopy allows for the detection of melanomas with a low index of suspicion that patients may not be aware of. The use of digital follow-up enables the detection of incipient melanomas that lack not only clinical but also dermoscopic criteria of malignancy.