Feeding and Nutrition for People with Dementia in Gerontological Services: A Focus Group Study.

Purpose: This work sought to describe the experience of managers and caregivers with feeding and nutrition for older adults with dementia, in Colombian gerontological services. Participants and Methods: This is a qualitative focus group study with fourteen gerontological care centers for people with dementia. Results: The study reveals that care related to food and nutrition for people with dementia is organized based on the comprehensive assessment of the resident. Although there are basic support strategies, each caregiver requires specific knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and institutional support, to generate a context that favors the health and quality of life of those involved. Conclusion: The experience of caring for people with dementia in aspects related to their food and nutrition, seen from the perspective of managers and caregivers of gerontological services in a developing country, strengthens specific strategies and public policies. This, in turn, reduces the burden on caregivers.

An environmental scan of food and drink advertising on public transport around Adelaide schools.

ISSUE ADDRESSED: Children and adolescents are particularly receptive to cues from food and drink advertising. Several policies recommend restricting unhealthy or discretionary ('junk') food advertising on government infrastructure such as public transport. Prior research in New South Wales (NSW) and Western Australia (WA) reveals a high proportion of discretionary food advertising outdoors and on public transport. The aim of this study was to identify the landscape of food and drink advertising on public transport assets around Adelaide schools. METHODS: An environmental scan of food and drink advertising on public transport assets within 500 m of 65 Adelaide schools was conducted. The Council of Australian Governments Health Council's interim guide was used to categorise advertisements as 'suitable' or 'unsuitable' for promotion. RESULTS: Almost four in every five food and drink advertisements on public-transport assets observed around Adelaide schools included discretionary food or drink, and therefore were categorised as unsuitable for promotion. Advertisements on bus exteriors were more likely to promote discretionary foods, compared with bus shelters. CONCLUSIONS: This proportion of 'unhealthy' food advertising was comparable to previous research conducted in WA and NSW. SO WHAT?: In light of historic state/territory actions such as the ACT preventing discretionary food advertising on public transport, these findings should prompt a review and discussion of the suitability of food and drink promotion on government-owned South Australian transport and their associated assets.

Differences of nutritional intake habits and Dietary Inflammatory Index score between occupational classifications in the Korean working population.

Background: Human nutrient intake is closely related to the conditions of their workplace. Methods: This study used data from the Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (KNHANES) conducted between 2016 and 2020. The study population comprised individuals aged 19 to 65 years who were engaged in paid work, excluding soldiers (total = 12,201, male = 5,872, female = 6,329). The primary outcome of interest was the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) score, which was calculated using dietary intake data. Generalized linear models were used for statistical analyses. Results: Pink-collar workers had higher DII scores, indicating a potentially higher inflammatory diet than white-collar workers (mean: 2.18 vs. 1.89, p < 0.001). Green and blue-collar workers displayed lower levels of dietary inflammation (green: 1.64 vs. 1.89, p = 0.019, blue: 1.79 vs. 1.89, p = 0.022). After adjusting for sex, age, income, education, and energy intake, the sole trend that persisted was the comparison between white-collar and pink-collar workers. Conclusions: DII scores and dietary patterns differed among occupational groups and genders.

Implementation of a lifestyle and life-skills intervention to prevent weight-gain and cardiometabolic abnormalities in young people with first-episode psychosis as part of routine care: The Keeping the Body in Mind program.

OBJECTIVES: In 2013, a cluster-controlled pilot study found the 12-week Keeping the Body in Mind (KBIM) lifestyle and life skills intervention was able to prevent weight gain in a small sample of youth experiencing first-episode psychosis (FEP) with fewer than 4 weeks of antipsychotic exposure. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of KBIM as routine care on anthropometry and metabolic biochemistry in a larger sample of youth with FEP across three community mental health services. METHOD: This retrospective chart audit was conducted on youth with FEP, prescribed a therapeutic dose of antipsychotic medication, and who engaged with KBIM between 2015 and 2019. Primary outcomes were weight and waist circumference. Secondary outcomes were blood pressure, blood glucose, and blood lipids. Outcomes were collected in at baseline and at 12 weeks. Data on program engagement were obtained from the participant's medical file. RESULTS: One-hundred and eighty-two people met inclusion criteria, and up to 134 people had baseline and 12-week data on one or more outcome. Mean number of sessions attended was 11.1 (SD = 7.3). Increases in weight and waist circumference were limited to 1.5 kg (SD = 5.3, t(133) = 3.2, p = .002) and 0.7 cm (SD = 5.8, t(109) = 1.2, p = .23) respectively. Eighty-one percent of participants did not experience clinically significant weight gain (>7% of baseline weight). There were no significant changes in blood pressure or metabolic biochemistry. CONCLUSION: The prevention of substantial gains in weight and waist circumference observed in the initial pilot study was maintained with implementation of KBIM as part of routine clinical care for youth with FEP.

Very low calorie diets and total diet replacement in type 2 diabetes: where are we now?

Management of type 2 diabetes has now been simplified by the understanding that the condition is caused by excess fat in the liver together with suppression of beta cell function by the associated excess liver export of fat. These factors can be reversed by substantial weight loss leading to remission in the early years after diagnosis, or at least major decrease in cardiovascular risks and improvement in glucose control for all. Weight loss by any means is successful, but it is most easily achieved by rapid action using a low or very low calorie diet of around 800 kcal/day followed by sustained modest restraint of dietary habits. Oral hypoglycaemic agents and one antihypertensive drug can be withdrawn on day 1 of the weight loss diet, raising the importance of appropriate deprescribing.

Do Primary Health Professionals in Brazil Have a Misperception about Food? The Role of Food Literacy as a Positive Predictor.

Risk perception is socially constructed; psychological elements control people's reactions to a hazard, and even health professionals may have difficulty determining what healthy food is. This work aimed to measure food literacy and food risk perceptions among primary healthcare professionals in a Brazilian city. In the first phase, 280 health professionals working in primary care in Rio Claro, Brazil, were studied. The Short Food Literacy Questionnaire (SFLQ-Br) and scales of risk and benefit perception of 50 foods were used. In the second phase, 20 professionals were interviewed to investigate the responses to different foods observed in the first phase. In this second phase, 16 users of the health system were also enrolled to understand their perceptions and how the nutrition messages conveyed by the health team reached them. Professionals scored an average of 34.5 on food literacy (for which there is a maximum score of 52). They showed difficulty with dietary guidelines and their interpretation. Food's risk and benefit perception were generally consistent with the recommendations of the Food Guide for the Brazilian Population. However, some processed foods or those with no proven health benefits were considered healthy by the study participants, indicating a biased perception (e.g., gelatin, processed turkey breast, cream crackers, and cereal bars). Less misperception was observed when food literacy was higher, which positively predicted risk perception. The reasons for identifying benefits of these foods ranged from the false impression that they are natural and nutritious foods to the comparative claim that they are better for health than similar foods. The results indicate the need to educate health professionals based on current references to avoid bias in population counseling.

The individual-level effects of social media campaigns related to healthy eating, physical activity, and healthy weight: A narrative review.

Objective: Social media are promising channels for health communication promoting positive weight-related behaviors, but no prior studies have synthesized evidence on the independent effects of social media campaigns focused on promoting healthy eating, physical activity (PA), and healthy weight. This study aimed to fill that gap and inform future social media-based obesity-prevention research and practice by reviewing findings from studies testing the effects of such campaigns on individual-level cognitive, behavioral, and anthropometric outcomes. Method: The Web of Science and PubMed databases were searched for peer-reviewed articles published between 2012 and 2023 that explored the independent effects of social media campaigns related to healthy eating, PA, or weight management. Study characteristics and outcomes were extracted and summarized. Results: Eleven studies were included in this review describing campaigns targeting healthy eating-related outcomes (e.g., fruit and vegetable consumption, meal preparation, nutrition label reading), PA, or weight management. Most campaigns (n = 7) were developed by universities or research centers. Priority audiences included parents, adult females, adolescents, college students, and adult government employees. The majority (n = 8) of the campaigns used single platforms, with the most common being Facebook, Instagram, blogs, and YouTube. Campaigns had mixed effects on cognitive outcomes (e.g., intention, attitude, knowledge), behavioral outcomes (e.g., food choices, PA), and anthropometric outcomes (e.g., weight, waist circumference). Conclusion: Social media campaigns focused on promoting healthy eating, PA, and healthy weight had mixed effects on individual-level cognitive, behavioral, and anthropometric outcomes. Various limitations of the included studies make it difficult to ascertain which factors influence campaign effectiveness. Advancing knowledge in this area is important, particularly given social media's widespread use and potential for broad reach. New research with features such as rigorous study designs, larger and more diverse samples, and strong theoretical foundations may provide important insights into what types of interventions are effective or not and under what conditions.

Relationship of protein, calcium and vitamin D consumption with body composition and fractures in oldest-old independent people.

BACKGROUND & AIM: Some studies state that the protein intake has a protective effect against bone mass loss, while others show that the combination of low calcium intake and high protein consumption increases the risk of fractures. Perhaps this phenomenon is also altered by the consumption of vitamin D after the age 80 years. This study aimed to identify if there is an association of protein, calcium and vitamin D intake with body composition and fractures in community dwelling 80 years or older independent people. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional observational analytic study. We invited community dwelling 80 years or older independent people, with chronic diseases under control, according to the scientific guidelines. The food intake was obtained through a one-day food record (FR) and Avanutri software (4.1 version) was used to calculate the intake of total calories, calcium, protein, and other food nutrients. The body composition and bone densitometry were evaluated by whole-body Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA). The morphometric vertebral fractures were assessed through conventional X-ray of the vertebral, level T4 to L4, on side face position - semi quantitative technique. RESULTS: One hundred and fifty-nine 80 years or older independent people, mean age 87.0 ± 3.9 years old were studied. The mean calcium intake was 834.6 ± 374.7 mg/day and vitamin D was 6.1 ± 24.3 µg/day, in both cases they were complemented by supplements to reach the recommendations. The mean protein intake was 72.9 ± 26.8 g/day, we found that 48.4% had low muscle mass; there was a frequency of 45.3% of osteoporosis; and vertebral fractures in 24.7% of them. The estimates of the logistic regression model with the outcome variable obesity and low muscle mass with reference to "low muscle mass" showed that the 80 years or older independent people who have a fracture are more likely to be obese with low muscle mass compared to those with only low muscle mass. CONCLUSION: In the studied population of 80 years or older independent people, we observed that among all the nutrients studied, only dietary protein per g/kg/day was associated with body composition and bone mineral density, but not with fracture, although the elderly who have fracture are more likely to be obese with low muscle mass compared to those not obese with low muscle mass. More studies about nutrients intakes and its relationship with muscle and bone health in this population is necessary.

Dietary patterns and socioeconomic, demographic, and health-related behaviors during pregnancy. A cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The identification and understanding of dietary factors and other characteristics that influence gestational weight gain can contribute to the formulation of strategies to promote healthy eating habits before and during pregnancy. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between dietary patterns, sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics, and health-related behaviors in pregnant women. DESIGN AND SETTING: A cross-sectional study was conducted on women undergoing prenatal care in the Unified Health System of Colombo, Paraná, Brazil, from February 2018 to September 2019. METHOD: A weekly food frequency questionnaire was administered, and dietary patterns were identified through factor analysis. Median regression models were constructed to identify the associations between dietary pattern scores and variables. RESULTS: Complete data were obtained from 495 pregnant women. Three dietary patterns were identified: 1) "healthy," with higher factor loadings for the weekly consumption of raw vegetables, cooked vegetables, and fresh fruits; 2) "Western," including soft drinks or artificial juice, candies, milk, and dairy products, and processed cold meat; and 3) "traditional," beans and meat. Pregnant women aged 30 years or older (coefficient [Coef.] 0.86, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.38-1.33) with moderate/intense physical activity (Coef. 0.32, 95% CI 0.02-0.62) had higher adherence to the "healthy" pattern. Adolescents and smokers adhered more to the "traditional" pattern (Coef. 0.17, 95% CI 0.01-0.33). CONCLUSION: Age, smoking status, and physical activity were associated with dietary patterns in pregnant women.

Food, nutrition and the dining experience in aged care settings: Findings of a nationwide survey.

OBJECTIVE: Previous research on food, nutrition and dining practices in Australian residential aged care (RAC) homes has been based on a limited sample of single-home or multiple-home providers, but a nationwide study has not been conducted. The aim of this study was to provide a preliminary overview of current food, nutrition and dining practices across Australian RAC facilities using a nationwide survey. METHODS: A survey was distributed to Australian RAC homes in August-September 2020, as part of the National Congress on Food, Nutrition and the Dining Experience in Aged Care (February 2021). The survey, administered via an online portal, consisted of 38 semistructured questions including yes/no or multiple-choice responses, free text, frequency scales and number entry. Six key topics were explored, including 'food service system and environment', 'catering style', 'menu planning and evaluation', 'nutrition planning and requirements', 'nutrition-related screening and assessment' and 'training and additional information', which were informed by the Australian Government Department of Health and reflected the interests of the Congress. RESULTS: The final sample included 292 respondents (204 individual homes and 88 multiple-home proprietors) representing 1152 homes and 125,393 residents, encompassing approximately 43% of RAC homes (of a possible 2671) and 57% of residents (of a possible 219,965) in Australia. Survey respondents representing RAC homes included service managers, catering managers, Chief Executive Officers, cooks, chefs, dietitians or staff from other roles within homes. A number of potential areas of need were identified, included increasing the autonomy of residents to select the foods they desire, increasing the variety and choice (including timing) of meals, enhancing the dining environments in homes to stimulate food intake and increasing staff training and the number of trained chefs in homes, so that meals are prepared which address diverse nutritional needs of residents. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides insight into the food service and mealtime practices of over a third of Australian RAC homes. The findings of this survey may help to identify key targets for intervention to improve the food, nutrition and quality of life of aged care residents.

Insights sobre educação nutricional: uma metassíntese interpretativa qualitativa a partir da perspectiva latino-americana / Insights into nutrition education: a qualitative interpretive meta synthesis from the Latin American perspective

Os estudos sobre educação em saúde têm focado mais no que se ensina do que em quem aprende. Este artigo relata os resultados de uma metassíntese interpretativa qualitativa (QIMS) sobre experiências de pacientes que emergem durante a participação em intervenções educativas sobre alimentação e nutrição na América Latina. Foi realizada uma busca por estudos baseados no paradigma construtivista, hermenêutico ou interpretativo publicados entre 2006 e 2020 abrangendo nove bases de dados, identificando 1.676 registros. Foram contempladas três etapas: I) identificação da amostra por meio de fichas de caracterização e avaliação da qualidade, resultando em nove estudos; II) extração de temas abordados nos resultados da pesquisa para compreensão das experiências de participação, e III) tradução de dados e compreensão sinérgica por meio de integração de experiências, incluindo uma nova categorização de temas. O QIMS gerou sete temas: "conflito social", "insegurança", "sacrifício", "cuidado", "valorização da abordagem", "mudança na compreensão" e "aprendizado". Dado o nível de detalhamento da realidade social em que ocorre a participação, os temas destacam três dimensões cruciais na educação alimentar e nutricional na perspectiva dos pacientes: "história de vida", "configuração alimentar" e "apreciação educativa". A complexidade das experiências dos pacientes exige uma abordagem que reconheça melhor a configuração dentro das dimensões encontradas. Isto exige explorar como as experiências individuais dos pacientes se relacionam com o contexto mais amplo da nutrição e da educação alimentar na região latino-americana.

Studies about health education have focused more on what is taught than on who is learning. This article reports the findings of a qualitative interpretive meta-synthesis (QIMS) on patients' experiences which emerge during participation in educational interventions on food and nutrition in Latin America. A search for studies based on constructivist, hermeneutic or interpretive paradigm published between 2006 and 2020 encompassing nine databases was conducted, identifying 1,676 records. Three stages were contemplated: I) identification of the sample through characterization and quality assessment forms, resulting in nine studies; II) extraction of themes addressed in the research results to understand the participation experiences, and III) translation of data and synergistic comprehension through an integration of experiences, including a new categorization of themes. The QIMS generated seven themes: "social conflict", "insecurity", "sacrifice", "care", "valuing the approach", "change in understanding" and "learning". Given the level of detail regarding the social reality in which participation occurs, the themes highlight three dimensions that are crucial in food and nutrition education from the patients' perspective: "life history", "food configuration" and "educational appreciation". The complexity of patient experiences demands an approach that better acknowledges the configuration within the encountered dimensions. This necessitates exploring how individual patient experiences relate to the broader context of nutrition and food education in the Latin American region.

Factors Associated with the Nutritional Status of Women with Non-Metastatic Breast Cancer in a Brazilian High Complexity Oncology Center.

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer poses a significant public health concern owing to its high prevalence and the risk of mortality associated with delayed diagnosis and treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the nutritional status of women with non-metastatic breast cancer and to identify factors associated with it. METHODS: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted at a High Complexity Oncology Assistance Center in the southeast region of Brazil, with the aim of assessing the nutritional status in women undergoing treatment for stage I, II, or III breast cancer. Patients in palliative care or undergoing reconstructive surgery were excluded. Data collection took place between June 2022 and March 2023 and included questionnaires, physical examinations, laboratory tests, and anthropometric assessments. Nutritional status was assessed using measures such as BMI and skinfold thickness, while nutritional risk was assessed using the Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS-2002) tool. RESULTS: Significant associations were found between nutritional risk and educational level (p = 0.03) and BMI (p = 0.01). Binary logistic regression analysis revealed a significant association between educational level and nutritional risk, indicating that lower educational level was associated with higher odds of nutritional risk (OR = 4.59; 95% CI = 1.01-21.04; p = 0.049). In addition, regarding BMI, it was observed that a BMI above 20.5 kg/m2 was associated with a higher likelihood of nutritional risk (OR = 0.09; 95% CI = 0.01-0.89; p = 0.039). CONCLUSIONS: It is crucial to consider the nutritional status of breast cancer patients, alongside clinical factors, to offer comprehensive and personalized care. Gaining insight into the sociodemographic variables linked to nutritional risk can significantly contribute to our understanding of breast cancer. This knowledge, in turn, can aid in identifying effective strategies for public policy, health promotion, and prevention efforts aimed at tackling this condition.

Population Interest in Information on Obesity, Nutrition, and Occupational Health and Its Relationship with the Prevalence of Obesity: An Infodemiological Study.

OBJECTIVE: To identify and analyze population interest in obesity, nutrition, and occupational health and safety and its relationship with the worldwide prevalence of obesity through information search trends. METHOD: In this ecological study, data were obtained through online access to Google Trends using the topics "obesity", "nutrition", and "occupational health and safety". Obesity data were obtained from the World Health Organization (WHO) website for crude adult prevalence and estimates by region. The variables studied were relative search volume (RSV), temporal evolution, milestone, trend, and seasonality. The temporal evolution of the search trends was examined by regression analysis (R2). To assess the relationship between quantitative variables, the Spearman correlation coefficient (Rho) was used. Seasonality was verified using the augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test. RESULTS: The RSV trends were as follows: obesity (R2 = 0.04, p = 0.004); nutrition (R2 = 0.42, p < 0.001); and occupational health and safety (R2 = 0.45, p < 0.001). The analysis of seasonality showed the absence of a temporal pattern (p < 0.05 for all terms). The associations between world obesity prevalence (WOP) and the different RSVs were as follows: WOP versus RSV obesity, Rho = -0.79, p = 0.003; WOP versus RSV nutrition, Rho = 0.57, p = 0.044; and WOP versus RSV occupational health and safety, Rho = -0.93, p = 0.001. CONCLUSIONS: Population interest in obesity continues to be a trend in countries with the highest prevalence, although there are clear signs popularity loss in favor of searches focused on possible solutions and treatments, with a notable increase in searches related to nutrition and diet. Despite the fact that most people spend a large part of their time in the workplace and that interventions including various strategies have been shown to be useful in combating overweight and obesity, there has been a decrease in the population's interest in information related to obesity in the workplace. This information can be used as a guide for public health approaches to obesity and its relationship to nutrition and a healthy diet, approaches that are of equal utility and applicability in occupational health.

Perspectives on Healthy Eating of Adult Populations in High-Income Countries: A Qualitative Evidence Synthesis.

BACKGROUND: Understanding how individuals currently perceive healthy eating is essential for developing food policies and dietary recommendations that improve the health and well-being of populations. The purpose of this qualitative evidence synthesis was to systematically outline the views and understandings of healthy eating, focusing on how foods are classified as healthy and unhealthy and what meanings are attached to food and eating by the general adult population in high-income countries. METHODS: A systematic search of four electronic databases was conducted and yielded 24 relevant primary qualitative studies of generally healthy, community-dwelling adults. RESULTS: Thematic synthesis of the included studies identified three analytic themes: constructions of healthy and unhealthy eating, considerations on dietary recommendations, and meanings attached to food and eating. Study participants generally understood what constitutes a healthy and unhealthy diet which was in line with dietary recommendations, but those of lower socioeconomic status exhibited gaps in nutrition knowledge. Participants expressed diverse opinions on dietary recommendations, including skepticism and a lack of trust. Food and eating were associated with various meanings, including pleasure, stress relief, and feelings of guilt. Moral, health, and sociocultural considerations also played a role in dietary behaviors. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that improving population diet requires considering how dietary recommendations are phrased and communicated to ensure that healthy eating is associated with pleasure and immediate well-being. This review provides valuable insights for developing consumer-oriented, practicable, and acceptable food policies and dietary recommendations that effectively improve population health and well-being.

[Lifestyle in university students during confinement by COVID-19]. / Estilo de vida en estudiantes universitarios durante el confinamiento por la pandemia de COVID-19.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic impacted healthy eating and lifestyles. Objective: To determine the impact on diet and lifestyle in university students in the health area of the border areas of Mexico (Tamaulipas and Chiapas) during the confinement by COVID-19. Material and methods: This study was observational, descriptive, analytical, comparative cross-sectional, with convenience sampling with 409 students, 48.7% (199) from Tamaulipas, and 51.3% (210) from Chiapas. A survey with 30 items related to eating behavior and lifestyle was applied. Results: found an increase in obesity in Tamaulipas from 7.5% to 8.5% and in overweight in the state of Chiapas from 21.9% to 24.8% (p=0.001). A decrease in healthy eating was observed during confinement from 61.3% to 52.8% in Tamaulipas (p = 0.05) and from 70.5% to 57.1% in Chiapas (p = 0.001), with consumption of high carbohydrate foods (41.7%) and ultra-high-fat foods predominating on the northern border. processed (13.1%), while for the southern border there was a higher consumption of fruits and vegetables (35.2%) (p = 0.06). On both borders, physical activity decreased during confinement from 61.8% to 60.3% in Tamaulipas (p = 0.09) and 69.5% to 61.0% in Chiapas (p = 0.06). 52.3% and 52.4% of students in Tamaulipas and Chiapas also reported waking up during the night (p = 0.98). Conclusions: The diet and lifestyle of university students from the border areas of Mexico were affected during the confinement by COVID-19 with a decrease in the perception of healthy eating, an increase in the number of meals and a tendency to decrease in the number of meals. consumption of alcohol, tobacco and physical activity.

Introducción: la pandemia por COVID-19 impactó en la alimentación y en los estilos de vida saludables. Objetivo: determinar el impacto en la alimentación y el estilo de vida en los universitarios del área de la salud de las zonas fronterizas de México (Tamaulipas y Chiapas) durante el confinamiento por COVID-19. Material y métodos: este estudio fue observacional, analítico, comparativo y prospectivo, de corte transversal, con muestreo por conveniencia con 409 estudiantes, 48.7% (199) de Tamaulipas, y 51.3% (210) de Chiapas, se aplicó una encuesta con 30 ítems relacionados con el comportamiento alimentario y estilo de vida. Resultados: se identificó un aumento de obesidad en Tamaulipas (de 7.5 a 8.5%) y de sobrepeso en el estado de Chiapas (de 21.9 a 24.8%) (p = 0.001). Se observó una disminución de la alimentación saludable durante el confinamiento de un 61.3% a 52.8% en Tamaulipas (p = 0.05), y de un 70.5% a 57.1% en Chiapas (p = 0.001); predominando en la frontera norte el consumo de alimentos ricos en carbohidratos (41.7%) y alimentos ultraprocesados (13.1%), mientras que para la frontera sur se encontró un mayor consumo de frutas y verduras (35.2%) (p = 0.06). En ambas fronteras disminuyeron la actividad física durante el confinamiento de 61.8% a 60.3% Tamaulipas (p = 0.09) y 69.5% a 61.0% Chiapas (p = 0.06). También manifestaron despertar durante la noche el 52.3% y el 52.4% de los estudiantes de Tamaulipas y Chiapas (p = 0.98). Conclusiones: la alimentación y el estilo de vida en estudiantes universitarios de zonas fronterizas de México se vieron afectados durante el confinamiento por COVID-19, con una disminución en la percepción de alimentación saludable, aumento en el número de comidas y tendencia a la disminución en el consumo de alcohol, tabaco y actividad física.

Consumo de alimentos in natura, processados e ultraprocessados de gestantes atendidas pela Estratégia Saúde da Família no oeste da Bahia / Consumption of in natura, processed, and ultra-processed foods by pregnant women assisted by the family health strategy in western Bahia / Consumo de alimentos in natura, procesados y ultraprocesados por mujeres embarazadas atendidas por la estrategia de salud de familiar en el oeste de Bahía

A alimentação tem efeitos diretos na saúde do binômio mãe-filho, bem como nos desfechos da gravidez, o que torna necessária a análise do consumo alimentar durante a gestação, principalmente considerando as mudanças nos hábitos alimentares ocorridas nas últimas décadas. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o consumo alimentar de gestantes atendidas pela Estratégia Saúde da Família, segundo o grau de processamento e a adequação de macro e micronutrientes. Trata-se de um estudo de corte transversal realizado com 239 gestantes atendidas pela Estratégia Saúde da Família durante o pré-natal. A análise do consumo alimentar foi feita utilizando o questionário de frequência alimentar reduzido, considerando a classificação NOVA. Foram calculados média e desvio padrão, com intervalo de confiança de 95%, porcentagem de contribuição de energia, macro e micronutrientes e adequação aos níveis de consumo recomendados. A maior contribuição energética e de nutrientes derivou de alimentos processados (59%), a maioria das gestantes apresentou elevado consumo de sódio (76,15%), e a contribuição de energia proveniente de alimentos in natura ou minimamente processados (20,3%) e ultraprocessados (20,1%) alcançou valores aproximados. O consumo de proteínas (86,19%), carboidratos (91,63%), fibras (71,55%), sódio (76,15%), zinco (58,16%), magnésio (64,44%), vitaminas A (80,75%), D (52,3%), B12 (69,87%), B9 (51,46%) e C (95,82%) foi acima do recomendado. Houve maior prevalência de consumo de alimentos processados, embora a ingestão de alimentos in natura ou minimamente processados e ultraprocessados tenha atingido níveis aproximados. O consumo de macronutrientes foi inadequado, assim como da maioria dos micronutrientes, segundo as recomendações para gestantes.

Eating has direct effects on the health of the mother-child binomial, as well as on pregnancy outcomes, which makes it necessary to analyze food intake during pregnancy, especially considering the changes in eating habits that have occurred in recent decades. This study aimed to analyze the food intake of pregnant women assisted by the Family Health Strategy according to the degree of processing and the adequacy of macronutrients and micronutrients. This is a cross-sectional study conducted with 239 pregnant women assisted by the Family Health Strategy during prenatal care. The food consumption analysis was done using the reduced food frequency questionnaire, considering the NOVA classification. Mean and standard deviation, with 95% confidence interval, percentage of energy, macronutrients and micronutrients contribution, and adequacy to the recommended consumption levels were calculated. The highest energy and nutrient contribution was derived from processed foods (59%), most pregnant women presented high sodium intake (76.15%), and the energy contribution from in natura or minimally processed (20.3%) and ultra-processed (20.1%) foods reached approximate values. The consumption of proteins (86.19%), carbohydrates (91.63%), fibers (71.55%), sodium (76.15%), zinc (58.16%), magnesium (64.44%), vitamins A (80.75%), D (52.3%), B12 (69.87%), B9 (51.46%), and C (95.82%) was above the recommendations. Higher prevalence of consumption of processed foods was observed, despite the ingestion of in natura or minimally processed and ultraprocessed foods reaching approximate levels. The consumption of macronutrients was inadequate, as well as most micronutrients, according to the recommendations for pregnant women.

La alimentación tiene efectos directos sobre la salud del binomio madre-hijo, así como sobre los resultados del embarazo, lo que hace necesario analizar el consumo de alimentos durante el embarazo, principalmente por los cambios en los hábitos alimentarios ocurridos en las últimas décadas. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar el consumo de alimentos por las mujeres embarazadas atendidas en la Estrategia Salud Familiar según el grado de elaboración y adecuación de macronutrientes y de micronutrientes. Este es un estudio transversal, realizado con 239 mujeres embarazadas atendidas por la Estrategia Salud Familiar durante el prenatal. El análisis del consumo de alimentos se realizó mediante un cuestionario de frecuencia alimentaria reducida, considerando la clasificación NOVA. Se calcularon la media y la desviación estándar con un intervalo de confianza del 95%, el aporte porcentual de energía, macronutrientes y micronutrientes y la adecuación a los niveles de ingesta recomendados. El mayor aporte de energía y de nutrientes se derivó de los alimentos procesados (59%), la mayoría de las embarazadas presentaron alto consumo de sodio (76,15), y el aporte de energía de los alimentos in natura o mínimamente procesados (20,3%) y ultraprocesados (20,1%) alcanzó valores aproximados. El consumo de proteínas (86,19%), carbohidratos (91,63%), fibras (71,55%), sodio (76,15%), zinc (58,16%), magnesio (64,44%), vitaminas A (80,75%), D (52,3%), B12 (69,87%), B9 (51,46%) y C (95,82%) estuvo por encima de las recomendaciones. Hubo una mayor prevalencia de consumo de alimentos procesados, aunque la ingesta de alimentos in natura o mínimamente procesados y ultraprocesados alcanzaron niveles aproximados. El consumo de macronutrientes resultó ser inadecuado, así como la mayoría de los micronutrientes recomendados para embarazadas.

Fussy Eating Rescue, a mobile-web app for responsive feeding practises among parents of toddlers: protocol for a pilot randomised controlled feasibility trial.

BACKGROUND: Fussy eating is most often a developmentally typical behaviour, generally presenting during toddlerhood. However, up to half of parents of young children are concerned about fussy eating, and this concern may mediate the use of nonresponsive feeding practises, such as coercive or unstructured feeding and using food to reward eating. Despite the high prevalence of parental concern for fussy eating and the negative impacts nonresponsive feeding practises have on children's health and diets, no previous digital intervention to improve the feeding practises of parents of toddlers concerned about fussy eating has been evaluated. AIM: This article describes the protocol of a randomised controlled feasibility pilot aiming to evaluate Fussy Eating Rescue, a purely web app based intervention for parents of toddlers. The primary aim is to investigate feasibility and acceptability; secondary aims are to explore indications of intervention effect on parents' feeding practises or children's eating behaviours. METHODS: Fussy Eating Rescue features include: (1) a Tracker, that allows parents to track repeated offers of food, (2) Topics, providing information on fussy eating, effective feeding strategies, and general nutrition, (3) Rescues, containing quick references to material supporting Topics contents, (4) Recipes, and (5) SMS notifications. Parents of toddlers (12-36 months old, n = 50) who have concerns about fussy eating will be recruited via Facebook. Parents will be randomised to an intervention group, which receives access to the app for 6 weeks, or to wait-listed control. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline and 6 weeks after app use, using online questionnaires and app usage statistics. Primary outcomes include participant retention rate, intervention engagement, app usability, perceived ease in using the app, perceived usefulness of the app, and user satisfaction. Secondary outcome measures include parents' feeding practises and children's eating behaviours. DISCUSSION: Results will inform whether Fussy Eating Rescue is a feasible way to engage parents concerned for their toddler's fussy eating behaviours. If feasible and acceptable to users, a larger trial will further examine the efficacy of the Fussy Eating app in improving parents' feeding practises and children's eating behaviours. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Prospectively registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry on 15 July, 2021 (ACTRN12621000925842).

High Prevalence of Energy and Nutrients Inadequacy among Brazilian Older Adults.

Poor nutrition increases the risk of diseases and adverse health outcomes in older adults. We evaluated the potential inadequacy of nutrient intake among older adults in Brazil and its association with body anthropometry and composition outcomes. Dietary intake was obtained from 295 community-living older adults (>60 years old), of both genders, using a seven-day food record. Nutrient inadequacy was further identified based on the Dietary Reference Intakes and European Guidelines. Skeletal muscle mass (SM), strength and performance, and the diagnosis of sarcopenia were assessed using reference methods. Nutritional inadequacy was high, with energy, dietary fiber, and six micronutrients exhibiting the greatest inadequacy levels (>80%). Energy intake was correlated with SM strength (p = 0.000) and performance (p = 0.001). Inadequate energy, fiber, and protein intakes influenced BMI, while inadequate intake of vitamin B6 directly affected the diagnosis of sarcopenia (p ≤ 0.005). Further research is required to investigate whether these inadequacies can be associated with other clinical health outcomes.

Diet and Food and Nutrition Insecurity and Cardiometabolic Disease.

Poor nutrition is the leading cause of poor health, health care spending, and lost productivity in the United States and globally, which acts through cardiometabolic diseases as precursors to cardiovascular disease, cancer, and other conditions. There is great interest in how the social determinants of health (the conditions in which people are born, live, work, develop, and age) impact cardiometabolic disease. Food insecurity is an example of a powerful social determinant of health that impacts health outcomes. Nutrition insecurity, a distinct but related concept to food insecurity, is a direct determinant of health. In this article, we provide an overview of how diet in early life relates to cardiometabolic disease and then continue to focus on the concepts of food insecurity and nutrition insecurity. In the discussions herein we make important distinctions between the concepts of food insecurity and nutrition insecurity and provide a review of their concepts, histories, measurement and assessment devices, trends and prevalence, and links to health and health disparities. The discussions here set the stage for future research and practice to directly address the negative consequences of food and nutrition insecurity.

Popular Dietary Patterns: Alignment With American Heart Association 2021 Dietary Guidance: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.

The evolution of dietary guidelines from isolated nutrients to broader dietary pattern recommendations results from growing knowledge of the synergy between nutrients and their food sources as they influence health. Macronutrient and micronutrient needs can be met by consuming various dietary patterns, but guidance is often required to facilitate population-wide adherence to wise food choices to achieve a healthy dietary pattern. This is particularly true in this era with the proliferation of nutrition misinformation and misplaced emphasis. In 2021, the American Heart Association issued a scientific statement outlining key principles of a heart-healthy dietary pattern that could be operationalized in various ways. The objective of this scientific statement is to assess alignment of commonly practiced US dietary patterns with the recently published American Heart Association criteria, to determine clinical and cultural factors that affect long-term adherence, and to propose approaches for adoption of healthy dietary patterns. This scientific statement is intended to serve as a tool for clinicians and consumers to evaluate whether these popular dietary pattern(s) promote cardiometabolic health and suggests factors to consider when adopting any pattern to improve alignment with the 2021 American Heart Association Dietary Guidance. Numerous patterns strongly aligned with 2021 American Heart Association Dietary Guidance (ie, Mediterranean, DASH [Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension], pescetarian, vegetarian) can be adapted to reflect personal and cultural preferences and budgetary constraints. Thus, optimal cardiovascular health would be best supported by developing a food environment that supports adherence to these patterns wherever food is prepared or consumed.