Prevalence and correlates of ICD-11-based prolonged grief disorder in a representative Slovakian sample of recently bereaved adults.

Background: Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD) has recently been included in both the ICD-11 and DSM-5-TR diagnostic manuals. Studying its prevalence and correlates across cultures is vital for more effective identification, treatment, and prevention.Objective: This study aimed to examine prevalence rates of ICD-11-based PGD, in a representative Slovakian sample in response to deaths of loved ones occurring during the previous year. Further aims were to examine the factor structure of PGD symptoms and correlates of summed PGD item scores and PGD 'caseness'.Method: Self-reported data on PGD, depression, anxiety, alcohol use, and descriptive characteristics were gathered from a representative sample of the Slovak population (N = 319).Results: Data were gathered from N = 1853 people; 319 participants (17.2%) reported a loss in the past year. The prevalence of probable PGD among these bereaved participants was 1.99% for recent losses (<6 months, n = 151) and 7.75% for more distant losses (6-12 months, n = 130). The most frequently endorsed symptoms included longing/yearning for the deceased, sadness, denial/unrealness, and difficulty accepting the death. PGD symptoms had a unitary factor structure which was consistent for subsamples bereaved 1-5 and 6-12 months. The severity of PGD varied with kinship. Depression and anxiety, but not alcohol misuse, were associated with PGD severity and PGD caseness.Conclusions: These findings underscore that a significant group of people develop PGD between 6-12 months following a loss. This emphasises the need for targeted psychological interventions.

Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD) is newly included in ICD-11 and knowledge about its prevalence and correlates in the general population is urgently needed.In a representative Slovakian sample (N = 1853), 319 people (17.2%) reported a loss during the past year; 7.75% of people, bereaved 6­12 months earlier, met criteria for ICD-11-based PGD.PGD severity and caseness were associated with kinship (but less strongly with other sociodemographic and loss characteristics) and with depression and anxiety (but less strongly with problematic alcohol use).At 6­12 months following loss, PGD seems fairly common in the general population and timely identification and mitigation of PGD is an important public health issue.

Traumatic loss: a systematic review of potential risk factors differentiating between posttraumatic stress disorder and prolonged grief disorder.

Background: When traumatic events and losses intersect in the form of traumatic loss, these events can trigger both posttraumatic stress disorder and pathological grief.Objective: This systematic review investigates which characteristics differentiate between the development of the respective disorders or are associated with comorbidity.Method: A systematic literature search using Medline, PubMed, APA PsycInfo and Web of Science yielded 46 studies which met the inclusion criteria. In these studies, PTSD was assessed using 17 and pathological grief using 16 different validated instruments. In the quality assessment, 12 studies were classified as average, 30 as above average, and 4 as excellent. The investigated risk factors were categorized into 19 superordinate clusters and processed using narrative synthesis.Results: The relationship to the deceased, mental health issues, and religious beliefs seem to be associated specifically with pathological grief symptoms compared to PTSD symptoms. Social support and social emotions emerged as significant correlates and potential risk factors for both PTSD and pathological grief. Included studies had mainly cross-sectional designs.Conclusions: Differentiating factors between pathological grief and PTSD appear to exist. The results should be considered within the limitations of the heterogeneity of the included studies and the research field. There is a lack of studies (1) using a longitudinal study design, (2) starting data collection early following the traumatic loss, (3) using standardized, up-to-date measurement instruments and (4) including comorbidity in their analyses. Further research is urgently needed for more accurate (acute) screenings, prognoses, and interventions following traumatic loss.

When traumatic events and losses intersect in the form of traumatic loss, these events can trigger both posttraumatic stress disorder and pathological grief. This systematic review investigates which characteristics can differentiate between the development of the respective disorders or are associated with comorbidity.The relationship to the deceased, mental health issues, and religious beliefs seem to be specific characteristics for predicting pathological grief. Social support and social emotions were frequently reported as significant correlates of both PTSD and pathological grief.The studies to date have been very heterogeneous and mainly cross-sectional. Further research considering both disorders after traumatic loss in longitudinal study designs is urgently indicated for better (acute) screenings, prognoses, and interventions.

Cluster analysis of prolonged grief, posttraumatic stress, and depression symptoms in bereaved asylum seekers and refugees.

Background: Refugees and asylum seekers (ASRs) are frequently exposed to loss in addition to a variety of other stressors and often display high levels of various psychological symptoms.Objective: The study aimed to primarily determine clusters of prolonged grief disorder (PGD), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and depression symptoms in bereaved ASRs and secondly identify predictors of cluster membership. Sociodemographic  - and flight-related variables were investigated in exploratory analyses.Method: ASRs in Germany (N = 92) with interpersonal loss exposure, i.e. at least one missing or deceased relative or friend, were assessed with interview-based questionnaires for PGD, PTSD, and depressive symptoms. We used k-means cluster analysis to distinguish symptom profiles and logistic regression analyses to identify predictors of cluster membership.Results: We found a three-cluster-solution. The PGD-cluster (30%) was characterised predominantly by PGD symptoms, while the PGD/PTSD-cluster (32%) had high PGD and PTSD and moderate depressive symptoms. The resilient cluster (38%) showed low symptoms overall. insecure residence status predicted membership in the PGD and PGD/PTSD clusters relative to the resilient cluster, whilst higher attachment anxiety predicted membership in the PGD/PTSD cluster relative to the other clusters. Explorative analysis revealed duration of stay as a significant predictor.Conclusion: Findings can extend the current knowledge about different symptom profiles among bereaved ASRs in Europe. Insights to attachment  - and migration-related variables distinguishing between these profiles offer starting points for interventions.

Bereaved asylum seekers and refugees in Germany can be grouped into three symptom clusters: (1) predominantly prolonged grief, (2) high prolonged grief, high posttraumatic stress, and moderate depressive symptoms, and (3) low symptom load.Attachment  ­ and migration-related variables (i.e. residence status, duration of stay, and attachment anxiety) distinguish between cluster membership.Results highlight the importance of attending to profiles and not only single categories of symptoms and attachment features in bereaved asylum seekers and refugees.

Development of a self-management mobile app for bereaved adolescents: evaluating patient and public involvement.

Background: Losing a family member during childhood is a potentially traumatic event and increases the risk of mental health difficulties. Adolescents have the right to express their views in research of relevance to them, but few studies have involved bereaved adolescents as collaborators (i.e. Patient and Public Involvement (PPI)). Furthermore, to ensure meaningful and non-tokenistic involvement, bereaved adolescents' levels of participation and experiences of taking part in research need to be evaluated.Objectives: The aim was to describe and evaluate a PPI process working with bereaved adolescents to develop a self-management mobile app for adolescents in grief.Methods: The PPI process consisted of four workshops during which the app's logo, colours, name, content, and layout were discussed with six parentally bereaved adolescents aged 13-18 years. The adolescents were recruited through a non-profit organisation providing support for adolescents in grief. The PPI process was documented and evaluated using participant observations and an online survey completed by the adolescents, covering the themes of social context, participation, and influence.Results: The adolescents perceived the social context as comfortable and inclusive, where their knowledge was valued. Their participation was characterised by ownership and motivated by a desire to help others with similar experiences. The adolescents' ability to participate in PPI activities was assisted by the researchers' flexibility, although challenging assignments may have made participation harder. Throughout PPI activities, adolescents contributed with relevant input and reported feeling influential. The study reached the intended levels of participation and appeared to adequately fulfil the adolescents' right to participation.Conclusions: Engaging adolescents who have undergone a potentially traumatic event, such as the loss of a family member, in research can enhance the overall relevance of the study. Moreover, it can entail a meaningful and positive experience for the participating adolescents, while also fulfilling their fundamental right to participation.

A collaborative process with parentally bereaved adolescents to develop a psychosocial self-management mobile app for adolescents in grief was described and evaluated.Adolescents made significant contributions, took ownership, and experienced having influence over the decisions made, which increased the relevance of the intervention.The collaborative process reached the intended level of participation and created a positive and meaningful experience for the adolescents.

Healing grief - an online self-help intervention programme for bereaved Chinese with prolonged grief: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

Background: In China, mental health services do not currently meet the needs of bereaved people with symptoms of prolonged grief disorder (PGD). Internet-based grief interventions may help fill this gap, but such programmes have not yet been developed or evaluated in China. The proposed study aims to investigate the effectiveness, acceptability, and feasibility of an online self-help intervention programme named Healing Grief for bereaved Chinese with prolonged grief, and to explore the psychological mechanisms of potential improvements.Methods: We designed a two-arm randomised controlled trial. At least 128 participants will be randomly assigned to either an Internet-based intervention group or a waitlist-control group. The Internet-based intervention will be developed based on the dual process model, integrating techniques of psychoeducation, behavioural activation, cognitive reappraisal, and meaning reconstruction, and will be delivered via expressive writing. The intervention comprises six modules, with two sessions in each module, and requires participants to complete two sessions per week and complete the intervention in 6 weeks. The primary outcomes include effectiveness, acceptability, and feasibility. The effectiveness will be assessed by measures of prolonged grief, posttraumatic stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. Acceptability and feasibility will be evaluated using survey and interview on user experience characteristics. Secondary outcomes include moderators and mediators, such as dual process coping, grief rumination, mindfulness, and continuing bond, to explore the psychological mechanisms of potential improvement. Assessments will take place at pre-intervention, post-intervention, and 3-month follow-up.Conclusion: The proposed study will determine the effectiveness, acceptability, and feasibility of the newly developed online self-help intervention for bereaved Chinese with prolonged grief and clarify how the intervention helps with symptom improvements. Such an intervention may play an important role in easing the imbalance between the delivery and receipt of bereavement psychological services in China.

In China, mental health services are not widely available for bereaved people.The proposed study will be the first one to develop and evaluate an Internet-based self-help grief intervention for bereaved Chinese with prolonged grief.The proposed study will determine whether and how the intervention helps to improve the mental health of bereaved Chinese with prolonged grief.

[Association between therapeutic adherence and phases of grief in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus]. / Asociación entre la adherencia terapéutica y las fases de duelo en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between therapeutic adherence and the phases of grief in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. DESIGN: Cross-sectional observational study. SITE: Family Medicine Unit No. 53 of the Mexican Institute of Social Security in the State of Guanajuato. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 354 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were recruited, of whom 236 corresponded to the group without therapeutic adherence and 118 to the group with therapeutic adherence. INTERVENTIONS: Two structured surveys were administered to both groups. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: The Morisky 8 scale was used to measure therapeutic adherence and the phases of grief scale (EFD-66) to measure grief due to loss of health. RESULTS: The median denial phase and depression phase scores were higher in the nonadherence group than in the adherence group (p=.000). The median negotiation phase and acceptance phase score was higher in the adherence group than in the nonadherence group (p=.000). Multivariate analysis identifies that denial is the main factor associated with non-adherence (OR=1.25; 95% CI: 1.14-1.37); while negotiation (OR=0.88; 95% CI: 0.82-0.94) and acceptance are associated with adherence (OR=0.79; 95% CI: 0.75-0.83). CONCLUSIONS: There is an association between therapeutic adherence and phases of grief.

Somatic symptoms and insomnia among bereaved parents and siblings eight years after the Utøya terror attack.

Background: Levels of prolonged grief symptoms (PGS) and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) can be high, many years following bereavement after terror, but knowledge concerning somatic health is scarce. Terrorism is a serious public health challenge, and increased knowledge about long-term somatic symptoms and insomnia is essential for establishing follow-up interventions after terrorism bereavement.Objective: To study the prevalence of somatic symptoms and insomnia and their association with PGS, PTSS, and functional impairment among terrorism-bereaved parents and siblings.Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative study included 122 bereaved individuals from the Utøya terror attack in Norway in 2011. The sample comprised 88 parents and 34 siblings aged 19 years and above (Mage = 49.7 years, SDage = 13.8 years, 59.8% females). The participants completed questionnaires 8 years after the attack assessing somatic symptoms (Children's Somatic Symptoms Inventory) and insomnia (Bergen Insomnia Scale) along with measures of PGS (Inventory of Complicated Grief), PTSS (Impact of Event Scale-Revised), and functional impairment (Work and Social Adjustment Scale).Results: Fatigue was the most frequently reported somatic symptom (88% of females and 65% of males). Females reported statistically significantly more somatic symptoms than males. In total, 68% of the bereaved individuals scored above the cut-off for insomnia. There were no statistically significant gender differences for insomnia. Female gender, intrusion, and arousal were associated with somatic symptoms. Intrusion and somatic symptoms were associated with insomnia. Somatic symptoms, avoidance, and hyperarousal were associated with functional impairment.Conclusion: Many bereaved parents and siblings report somatic symptoms and insomnia eight years after the terror attack. Somatic symptoms are associated with functional impairment. Long-term follow-up and support after traumatic bereavement should focus on somatic symptoms and insomnia.

Many bereaved individuals, especially females, reported insomnia and somatic symptoms, including fatigue, pain, and other related symptoms.Somatic symptoms, avoidance, and hyperarousal were identified as being associated with functional impairment among the bereaved.Post-traumatic stress symptoms played a more significant role than prolonged grief symptoms in explaining the reduced physical health experienced by the bereaved.

Sobrevivendo ao processo de morte e morrer de crianças e adolescentes: vivências de profissionais de enfermagem / Surviving the death and dying process of children and adolescents: experiences of nursing professionals / Sobrevivir al proceso de morir en niños y adolescentes: experiencias de los profesionales de enfermería

Objetivo: compreender como os profissionais de enfermagem de uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica vivenciam o processo de luto decorrente da morte de crianças/adolescentes. Método: pesquisa qualitativa, realizada em hospital público, do estado de São Paulo, com doze profissionais de enfermagem, por meio de entrevista aberta com a questão norteadora "Conte-me, em detalhes, como você tem enfrentado o luto após a morte de uma criança e/ou adolescente na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica". Resultados: emergiram seis categorias que foram organizadas em dois eixos temáticos. Conclusão: Os profissionais de enfermagem revelaram diversas crenças facilitadoras e estratégias de enfrentamento do processo de morte e morrer. Recomenda-se que as instituições de saúde ofereçam atendimento de saúde mental para os profissionais de saúde

Objective: to understand how nursing professionals in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit experience the grieving process resulting from the death of children/adolescents. Method: qualitative research carried out in a public hospital in the state of São Paulo, with twelve nursing professionals, using an open-ended interview with the guiding question "Tell me, in detail, how you have coped with grief after the death of a child and/or adolescent in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit". Results: six categories emerged and were organized into two thematic axes. Conclusion: Nursing professionals revealed various facilitating beliefs and strategies for coping with the process of death and dying. It is recommended that health institutions offer mental health care to health professionals

Objetivos:comprender cómo los profesionales de enfermería de una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos viven el proceso de duelo resultante de la muerte de niños/adolescentes. Método: investigación cualitativa realizada en un hospital público del estado de São Paulo, con doce profesionales de enfermería, utilizando una entrevista abierta con la pregunta orientadora "Cuénteme, detalladamente, cómo ha enfrentado el duelo tras la muerte de un niño y/o adolescente en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos". Resultados: surgieron seis categorías que se organizaron en dos ejes temáticos. Conclusión: Los profesionales de enfermería revelaron diversas creencias y estrategias facilitadoras para afrontar el proceso de morir y morir. Se recomienda que las instituciones sanitarias ofrezcan atención de salud mental a los profesionales de la salud

Estratégias de autoajuda para pacientes em cuidados paliativos e seus familiares: revisão integrativa

Objetivo: Identificar as estratégias disponíveis na literatura internacional que forneça métodos de autoajuda para pacientes em cuidados paliativos e seus familiares. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada entre abril e maio de 2022, utilizando as bases de dados e bibliotecas online Medline, Scielo, Scopus, CINAHL e Web of Science. Os estudos foram selecionados de forma rigorosa, através da utilização de diferentes combinações dos MESH's e palavras chaves self-help, groups, palliative care, medicine in literature, literature, health, disease com o operador booleano AND. Foi utilizado um aplicativo online de gerenciamento de revisões, Rayyan - Intelligent Systematic Review, sendo realizada a dupla verificação cega. Na busca primária foram encontrados 3259 estudos, após a aplicação dos critérios de exclusão 16 artigos compuseram o corpus de análise que usou como forma de apreciação a metodologia descritiva. Resultados: Obteve-se como principais achados a utilização de grupos de autoajuda como uma importante estratégia para auxiliar pacientes e familiares em situações desafiadoras que cernem o final de vida, outras estratégias foram vislumbradas como o uso de cartilhas, espaços e programas, que tendem a auxiliar nos momentos em que é necessário a comunicação de más notícias ou passar por situações de perda antecipatória e luto. Houve a predominância de estudos de abordagem qualitativa, e em maioria realizados na Suécia. Conclusão: Evidenciou-se que a estratégia dominante foi os grupos de autoajuda, que demonstraram ser um espaço de troca de conhecimento e experiências pessoais, entre os indivíduos participantes.

Objetivo: Identificar las estrategias disponibles en la literatura internacional que brindan métodos de autoayuda para pacientes de cuidados paliativos y sus familias. Método: Se trata de una revisión bibliográfica integrativa, realizada entre abril y mayo de 2022, utilizando las bases de datos y bibliotecas en línea Medline, Scielo, Scopus, CINAHL y Web of Science. Los estudios fueron seleccionados rigurosamente, utilizando diferentes combinaciones de MESH y las palabras clave autoayuda, grupos, cuidados paliativos, medicina en la literatura, literatura, salud, enfermedad, con el operador booleano AND. Se utilizó una aplicación en línea de gestión de revisiones. Rayyan - Intelligent Systematic Review, con verificación doble ciego. En la búsqueda primaria se encontraron 3259 estudios; tras aplicar los criterios de exclusión 16 artículos compusieron el corpus de análisis. Resultados: Los principales hallazgos fueron el uso de grupos de autoayuda como estrategia importante para asistir a pacientes y familiares en situaciones desafiantes al final de la vida. Se vislumbraron otras estrategias como el uso de cartillas, espacios y programas, que tienden a asistir en momentos en que es necesario comunicar malas noticias o atravesar situaciones de pérdida anticipada y duelo. Hubo un predominio de estudios con enfoque cualitativo, y la mayoría de ellos realizados en Suecia. Conclusión: Se evidenció que la estrategia dominante fueron los grupos de autoayuda, que demostraron ser un espacio para el intercambio de información conocimientos y experiencias personales entre las personas participantes.

Objective: To identify the strategies available in the international literature that provide self-help methods for palliative care patients and their family members. Method: This is an integrative literature review conducted between April and May 2022 in the following online databases and libraries: Medline, Scielo, Scopus, CINAHL and Web of Science. The studies were selected rigorously using different combinations of MESH terms and keywords self-help, groups, palliative care, medicine in literature, literature, health, disease; with the AND Boolean operator. An online review management app was used, Rayyan - Intelligent Systematic Review, performing a double-blind check. A total of 3,250 studies were found in the primary search; after applying the exclusion criteria, 16 articles comprised the analysis corpus. Results: Conclusion:

Redes vivas en salud en la pandemia de covid-19: evaluación del curso de formación multiprofesional "Nós da Linha de Frente" en Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil / Living Networks in Health during the covid-19 pandemic: Evaluation of the multiprofessional training course "Nós da Linha de Frente" in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil

RESUMEN Este artículo presenta la evaluación del curso de intervención terapéutica en situaciones de pérdida traumática y duelo, ofrecido en línea por la Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, entre abril y agosto de 2021, para profesionales voluntarios. Se aplicó un cuestionario semiestructurado con preguntas abiertas y cerradas. El análisis de las 55 respuestas de profesionales voluntarios y 14 respuestas de personas atendidas se basó en el modelo de evaluación Kirkpatrick. Los resultados muestran el acierto teórico y práctico del curso, con una evaluación positiva en los niveles de reacción, aprendizaje, comportamiento y resultados, en la que se destacó el trabajo colectivo y la motivación de los disertantes del curso. Los principales contenidos aprehendidos fueron temas relacionados con el cuidado de la muerte y el duelo. Las conductas derivadas del curso se encuadran en los campos afectivo-social y técnico-profesional. En cuanto al impacto, hubo un predominio de la satisfacción de las personas atendidas, así como identificación de cambios provocados por la formación.

ABSTRACT This article presents the evaluation of the therapeutic intervention course in situations of traumatic loss and grief, offered online by the Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, between April and August 2021, for volunteer professionals. A semi-structured questionnaire with open and closed questions was administered. The analysis of the 55 responses from volunteer professionals and 14 responses from individuals who received the intervention was based on the Kirkpatrick evaluation model. The results demonstrate the theoretical and practical success of the course, with a positive assessment at the reaction, learning, behavior, and results levels, emphasizing collective work and the motivation of the course speakers. The main acquired knowledge pertained to topics related to death and grief care. The behaviors resulting from the course fall within the affective-social and technical-professional domains. Regarding impact, there was a predominance of satisfaction among the individuals who received the intervention, as well as identification of changes brought about by the training.

Redes sociais significativas de familiares no processo de luto antecipatório no contexto dos cuidados paliativos / Significant family social networks in the anticipatory mourning process within palliative care / Les réseaux sociaux familiaux significatifs dans le processus de deuil anticipé en soins palliatifs / Redes sociales significativas en el proceso de duelo anticipatorio de los cuidadores familiares, en el contexto de los cuidados paliativos

Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo qualitativo foi caracterizar a estrutura e as funções das redes sociais significativas no processo de luto antecipatório de familiares cuidadores no contexto dos cuidados paliativos. Utilizou-se a entrevista semiestruturada e o Mapa de Redes com 14 familiares cuidadores que estavam acompanhando pacientes em um hospital oncológico do Sul do Brasil. Os dados foram organizados e analisados com base na Grounded Theory e com auxílio do software ATLAS.ti 7.5. Os resultados indicaram a prevalência de redes de tamanho médio e grande, além do predomínio dos membros da rede familiar. As principais funções desempenhadas pelos membros das redes foram de ajuda material e de serviços e apoio emocional. Este estudo evidencia a importância da visibilização das redes sociais significativas como recursos de intervenção em saúde, que promovem apoio material, cognitivo e emocional durante o processo dos cuidados paliativos, principalmente quanto à elaboração do luto antecipatório.

Abstract: This qualitative study characterizes the structure and functions of significant social networks in the anticipatory mourning process of family caregivers within palliative care. Data were collected by means of semi-structured interviews and the Map of Networks conducted with 14 family caregivers at an Oncology Hospital in southern Brazil, and then organized and analyzed by Grounded Theory using the ATLAS.ti 7.5 software. Results showed a prevalence of medium and large-sized networks, as well as the predominance of family network members. Material help and services and emotional support were the main functions performed by network members. This study highlights the importance of making meaningful social networks visible as health intervention resources that provide material, cognitive and emotional support during palliative care, especially in regards to anticipatory grief.

Résumé : Cette étude qualitative caractérise la structure et les fonctions des réseaux sociaux significatifs dans le processus de deuil anticipé des aidants familiaux dans le cadre des soins palliatifs. Les données ont été recueillies par des entretiens semi-structurés et de la carte des réseaux réalisées avec 14 aidants familiaux de patients dans un hôpital d'oncologie du sud du Brésil, puis organisées et analysées selon la théorie ancrée. Les résultats montrent une prévalence des réseaux moyens et grands, ainsi que la prédominance des membres du réseau familial. L'aide et les services matériels et le soutien émotionnel sont les principales fonctions remplies par les membres du réseau. Cette étude souligne l'importance de faire apparaître les réseaux sociaux significatifs comme des ressources d'intervention en santé qui apportent un soutien matériel, cognitif et émotionnel au cours de soins palliatifs, notamment en ce qui concerne le deuil anticipé.

Resumen: El objetivo de este estudio cualitativo fue caracterizar la estructura y las funciones de las redes sociales significativas en el proceso de duelo anticipatorio de los cuidadores familiares, en el contexto de los cuidados paliativos. Se utilizaron entrevista semiestructurada y Mapa de Redes con 14 cuidadores familiares de pacientes en un Hospital de Oncología del sur de Brasil. Los datos se organizaron y para su análisis se aplicó la Grounded Theory, con el uso del software ATLAS.ti 7.5. Se observó la prevalencia de redes medianas y grandes, y predominio de miembros de la red familiar. Las principales funciones desempeñadas por los integrantes de las redes fueron la ayuda material y los servicios y el apoyo emocional. Este estudio destaca la importancia de visibilizar redes sociales significativas como recursos de intervención en salud, que brindan apoyo material, cognitivo y emocional durante el proceso de cuidados paliativos, especialmente en la preparación del duelo anticipatorio.

To lose a friend: the relationship between professional help and grief among close bereaved friends after the terror attack, 22 July 2011.

Background: Close friends are often an overlooked group of bereaved people. This study is based on a sub-project on young adults who experienced the loss of a close friend in the terrorist attack on Utøya, Norway, on 22 July 2011.Objective: The aim of this longitudinal study was to explore the relationship between complicated grief reactions, the need for help, and help received after losing a close friend to a traumatic death.Method: In total, data from 89 people (with a mean age of 21 years, 76.4% female) were collected at one or more of the four time-points: 18, 28, 40, and 102 months after the incident. Latent growth modelling was used to analyse levels of grief reactions and change over time, experienced need for help, and help received.Results: According to the results, the bereaved friends in our study were profoundly impacted by the loss and experienced level of reactions indicating complicated grief (mean scores on the Inventory of Complicated Grief varied from 36.2 to 23.7). A need for help was related to a decrease in grief symptoms, whereas a prolonged need for help was related to no reduction or an increase in grief. Received help was not related to decrease in grief symptoms.Conclusions: These findings underscore the need for continuous professional help, and demonstrate that the present help measures used after traumatic events may not adequately meet the needs of close bereaved friends. This emphasizes the importance of acknowledging friends as bereaved and that follow-up measures should also include this group. Finally, the study highlights the need to learn more about how professional can help bereaved friends.

Young adults who experience the traumatic loss of a close friend may experience levels of grief reactions indicating complicated grief.The need for help reported after experiencing the loss of a close friend is high; this is also the case when some time has passed since the loss.Bereaved friends need more acknowledgement, and help measures after traumatic events often do not meet their need for help and follow-up after the loss.

On the path to recovery: traumatic stress research during the COVID-19 pandemic 2021-2023.

This Special Issue of the European Journal of Psychotraumatology (EJPT) presents 51 articles published between 2021 and 2023 and follows the Special Issue on pandemic-related traumatic stress research published in 2021 (O'Donnell, M. L., & Greene, T. [2021]. Understanding the mental health impacts of COVID-19 through a trauma lens. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 12(1), 1982502). Research on traumatic stress during the pandemic has cast the spotlight on vulnerable populations and groups, notably front-line healthcare workers; people faced with major losses including the deaths of loved ones; those who personally survived debilitating and often life-threatening viral infection; and students who were isolated and experienced profound delays in their education, relationships, and emerging independence. The papers in this collection underscore the associations between COVID-19 related stressors and a plethora of adverse mental health sequelae, including posttraumatic stress reactions, and draw attention to the ubiquity of grief and moral injury and their wide-ranging and detrimental impact. Currently, there is a paucity of evidence on interventions to enhance resources, self-efficacy, and hope for affected groups and individuals through societal, organisational, and healthcare systems; however early research on the prevention of COVID-related traumatic stress disorders provides a basis for both hope and preparedness for the future.

Stressors and traumatic events occurring due to the COVID-19 pandemic are associated with a wide range of mental health problems, including posttraumatic stress reactions, especially among vulnerable groups (e.g., front-line healthcare workers, individuals who faced major losses such as the deaths of loved ones, those who survived debilitating and often life-threatening infection).Loss and moral injury are common and potentially debilitating features of the pandemic.Societal, organisational, and healthcare system interventions to enhance resources, efficacy, and hope for affected groups and individuals are still in the early stages, although preliminary research on the prevention of COVID-related traumatic stress disorders is promising.

O luto materno em situação de violência policial: contribuições psicanalíticas / Maternal grief in situations of police violence: psychoanalytic contributions / Duelo materno en situaciones de violencia policial: aportes psicoanalíticos

A polícia brasileira já foi considerada a mais letal e frequentemente alveja jovens negros marginalizados (Araújo, 2015). As mães desses indivíduos perdem seus filhos precocemente de maneira abrupta e violenta. Para muitas mães a perda de um filho constitui a maior do mundo, o que torna relevante questionar: como a perda de um filho pela violência policial repercute no enlutamento materno? Foram encontrados poucos estudos sobre o tema, apesar de sua prevalência e dos impactos negativos permanentes na vida dessas mães (Gomes, 2019). Por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica não sistemática sobre o tema do luto e das perdas violentas, e com base em depoimentos publicizados de mães que perderam seus filhos pela violência policial, focalizamos como a psicanálise tem um importante papel na escuta dessas mulheres, que podem traçar diferentes caminhos de trabalho psíquico. Como resultado, vimos que a perda de um filho possui caráter traumático e nela se destaca a natureza narcísica da relação mãe-filho, rompida abruptamente pela morte. Este estudo oferece algumas contribuições para o entendimento desse sofrimento e para a escuta dessas mulheres, que, como muitas se autodenominam, são "mães sem nome". (AU)

Brazilian police were once considered the most lethal and often target marginalized young black men (Araújo, 2015). The mothers of these individuals lose their children early in an abrupt and violent manner. To many mothers, the loss of a child is the biggest one in the world, which makes it relevant to ask: How does the loss of a child to police violence affect maternal mourning? Few studies have been found on the topic, despite its prevalence and the permanent negative impacts on the lives of these mothers (Gomes, 2019). Through a non-systematic literature review on the theme of grief and violent loss, and based on publicized testimonials of mothers who have lost their children to police violence, we focused on how psychoanalysis has an important role in listening to these women, who can trace different paths of psychic work. As a result, we concluded that the loss of a child has a traumatic issue, and the narcissistic nature of the mother-child relationship, abruptly broken by death, stands out. This study offers some contributions to the understanding of this suffering and to the listening of these women, who, as many call themselves, "mothers without a name". (AU)

La policía brasileña fue considerada la más letal y frecuentemente ataca a los jóvenes negros marginados (Araújo, 2015). Las madres de estas personas pierden a sus hijos tempranamente de forma abrupta y violenta. Para muchas madres, la pérdida de un hijo es la mayor del mundo, lo que hace pertinente preguntarse: ¿cómo la pérdida de un hijo por la violencia policial afecta al duelo materno? Se encontraron pocos estudios sobre este tema, a pesar de su prevalencia y de los impactos negativos permanentes en la vida de estas madres (Gomes, 2019). Mediante una revisión bibliográfica no sistemática sobre el tema del duelo y de las pérdidas violentas, y a partir de testimonios difundidos de madres que perdieron a sus hijos por la violencia policial, nos centramos en cómo el psicoanálisis tiene un papel importante en la escucha de estas mujeres, que pueden trazar diferentes caminos de trabajo psíquico. Como resultado, vimos que la pérdida de un hijo tiene carácter traumático y destaca la naturaleza narcisista de la relación madre-hijo, rota abruptamente por la muerte. Este estudio ofrece algunas contribuciones a la comprensión de este sufrimiento y a la escucha de estas mujeres que, como muchas se autode-nominan, son "madres sin nombre". (AU)

Experiences of grief and moral sentiments in survivors of the armed conflict in Medellín, Colombia.

The objective of the study is to understand the experience of grief and moral sentiments in survivors of the armed conflict in the city of Medellín, Colombia, through qualitative research. In total, 32 people affected by different victimising acts in the context of the armed conflict participated. There is a direct relationship between moral sentiments and the processes of handling and processing loss. Moral sentiments frame the experience of emotions in the victim, after the events have occurred, which influence the way in which the pain experienced is processed. These sentiments permeate the processes of dealing with the incident in survivors, the ways in which they perceive themselves and the perpetrators, and the social stances they adopt to face life. We conclude that moral factors play a role in the emotional recovery of victims and are indicative the possibility or difficulty of processing the events that occurred.

Latent trajectories of DSM-5-TR-based Prolonged Grief Disorder: findings from a data pooling project MARBLES.

Background: With the release of the text revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5-TR), criteria for Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD) were included. This necessitates studying grief trajectories based on these criteria.Objective: This is the first study examining latent trajectories of DSM-5-TR-based PGD symptom levels and testing whether specific risk factors (e.g. cause of death) predicted PGD trajectories.Method: We evaluated latent DSM-5-TR PGD trajectories using pooled existing data collected at 6-12, 13-24, and 25-60 months post-loss in Danish and Dutch bereaved adults (N = 398). Latent Growth Mixture Modelling (LGMM) was employed to determine the trajectories. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were used to examine which risk factors predicted class membership.Results: The four-class LGMM solution with a quadratic term was best-fitting the data. This solution represented four trajectories: High stable PGD (6%), High PGD quick recovery (10%), High PGD slow recovery (35%), and Low PGD symptoms (49%). Participants with a higher educational level were more likely to be assigned to the Low PGD symptoms trajectory compared to High stable PGD and High PGD slow recovery trajectories. Unnatural causes of death increased the likelihood of being in the High stable PGD and High PGD slow recovery trajectories compared to the Low PGD symptoms trajectory.Conclusions: Consistent with prior research, the Low PGD symptoms trajectory was the most common. A significant minority experienced high and stable levels of PGD within five years after the loss. About one-third of participants experienced high acute grief levels that decreased slowly; how slow decreasing symptoms relate to an individual's functioning requires further attention. This study demonstrates that a significant minority of bereaved people develop acute PGD symptomatology that does not diminish within five years post-loss, emphasizing the need for early screening for PGD to prevent long-lasting complaints.

This is the first latent trajectory study based on DSM-5-TR Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD) criteria. Data were analysed using latent growth mixture modelling.Stable high (6%), quick recovery (10%), slow recovery (35%), low symptoms (49%) PGD trajectories arose.Early screening and treatment of PGD seems warranted.

The semiology of migration.

INTRODUCTION: The phenomenon of migration generates a series of experiences in the human being that are translated into emotions, feelings, adaptation processes, grief and psychopathological processes, and even pathological expressions, represented by clinical pictures of different kinds. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is to carry out a conceptual and clinical reflection on the semiology around the concept and experience of migration, in order to illustrate the complexity that it entails as a human phenomenon. METHODS: A reduced narrative review, circumscribed and restricted to the semiological, psychopathological and clinical aspects of migration. DISCUSSION: The separation, ruptures and losses that derive from migration do not go unnoticed by the individual. They are inscribed in his/her corporality as physiological injuries that affect his/her life and as symbolic injuries that affect his/her existence. CONCLUSIONS: Migration supposes a rupture of the totality of being. The context, the perception of others and relationships are cut off from the total unity that is the individual, as if he/she lost half of him/herself.

Somatic symptom distress and ICD-11 prolonged grief in a large intercultural sample.

Background: Grief is a multi-faceted experience including emotional, social, and physical reactions. Research in ICD-11 prolonged grief disorder (PGD) in different cultural contexts has revealed different or potentially missing grief symptoms that may be relevant.Objective: This study thus aimed to explore the prevalence of somatic symptom distress and its associations with grief and negative affect in a culturally diverse sample of bereaved individuals with symptoms of PGD.Methods: Based on cross-sectional survey data from the Measurement and Assessment of Grief (MAGIC) project, this study included 1337 participants (mean age 23.79 yrs, 76.1% female) from three regions (USA: 62.3%, Turkey/Iran: 24.2%, Cyprus/Greece: 13.5%), who experienced a loss of a significant other. Associations between somatic symptom distress (Somatic Symptom Scale, SSS-8), symptoms of PGD (International Prolonged Grief Disorder Scale, IPGDS-33), anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire, GAD-7), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire, PHQ-9) as well as demographic and loss related characteristics were investigated. Three hundred and thirteen participants (23.4%) scored above the proposed cut-off for clinically severe PGD.Results: 'High' or 'very high' levels of somatic symptom distress were more frequent in a possible PGD group (58.2%), than in a non-PGD group (22.4%), p < .001, as divided per cut-off in the IPGDS. In a multiple regression analysis, PGD symptoms were significantly but weakly associated with somatic symptom distress (ß = 0.08, p < .001) beyond demographics, loss-related variables, and negative affect. Negative affect (anxiety and depression) mediated the relationship of PGD symptoms with somatic symptom distress and the indirect effect explained 58% of the variance.Conclusions: High levels of somatic symptom distress can be observed in a substantial proportion of bereaved across cultures. Our findings suggest that PGD is related to somatic symptom distress partly and indirectly through facets of negative affect.

30.8% of bereaved adults showed 'high' or 'very high' levels of somatic symptom distress.Anxiety and depression partially mediate relationship of PGD symptoms with somatic symptom distress.Findings encourage practitioners to consider somatic symptom distress in psychotherapeutic treatment of PGD.

Semiología de la Migración

Introducción: El fenómeno de la migración genera una serie de experiencias en el ser humano que se traducen en emociones, sentimientos, procesos de adaptación, duelos y procesos psicopatológicos, hasta expresiones patológicas representadas por cuadros clínicos de diferente índole. Objetivo: La intención de este artículo es realizar una reflexión conceptual y clínica de la semiología en torno al concepto y la experiencia de la migración, para con ello ilustrar la complejidad que entraría como fenómeno humano. Método: Revisión narrativa reducida, circunscrita y restringida a los aspectos semiológicos, psicopatológicos y clínicos de la migración. Discusión: La separación, las rupturas y las pérdidas que se derivan de la migración no pasan inadvertidas al individuo, se inscriben en su corporalidad como lesiones fisiológicas que afectan a su vida y como lesiones simbólicas que afectan a su existencia. Conclusiones: La migración supone una ruptura de la totalidad del ser. El contexto, el otro y las relaciones quedan cercenados de la unidad total que es el individuo, como si perdiera la mitad de sí mismo.

Introduction: The phenomenon of migration generates a series of experiences in the human being that are translated into emotions, feelings, adaptation processes, grief and psycho-pathological processes, and even pathological expressions, represented by clinical pictures of different kinds. Objective: The purpose of this article is to carry out a conceptual and clinical reflection on the semiology around the concept and experience of migration, in order to illustrate the complexity that it entails as a human phenomenon. Methods: A reduced narrative review, circumscribed and restricted to the semiological, psychopathological and clinical aspects of migration. Discussion: The separation, ruptures and losses that derive from migration do not go unnoticed by the individual. They are inscribed in his/her corporality as physiological injuries that affect his/her life and as symbolic injuries that affect his/her existence. Conclusions: Migration supposes a rupture of the totality of being. The context, the perception of others and relationships are cut off from the total unity that is the individual, as if he/she lost half of him/herself.

Almor: her de Spike Jonze (2013) / Almor Her by Spike Jonze (2013)

Her habla de una sociedad en la que las palabras de amor y pasión pretenden ser los sentimientos mismos, pero sin embargo pueden ser dichas o escritas por encargo, como simple tarea laboral. O por un programa computacional contratado a tales fines. Una lectura posible del film es que, en el proceso de interacción con usuarios, el Sistema Operativo se humaniza y, conforme desarrolla una toma de conciencia de sí, se aleja del vínculo con los humanos que lo han creado

Her speaks of a society in which the words of love and passion pretend to be the feelings themselves, but can nevertheless be said or written on request, as a simple work task. Or by a computer program hired for such purposes. A possible reading of the film is that, in the process of interaction with users, the Operating System becomes humanized and, as it develops an awareness of itself, it moves away from the link with the humans who created it