"I Would Have My Children Participate IF ": Perceptions of Canadian Caregivers Towards School Food Programs.

Purpose: The Canadian federal government has expressed an intention to work with provinces and territories to develop a national school food program (SFP). This study aimed to explore caregivers' perception of attributes important to include in a future SFP.Methods: An online cross-sectional survey was conducted. Fifteen elementary schools from high, medium, or low median income neighbourhoods in Saskatoon were invited to participate. School principals sent a survey link to students' caregivers. The 37-item survey included an item with 15 statements asking caregivers to rate the importance of various components of a SFP. Descriptive statistics and exploratory factor analysis were conducted.Results: A total of 510 caregivers completed the survey (response rate of 52%). The factor analysis indicated four key components of a future SFP: (1) learning opportunities on growing and preparing food, (2) offering healthy food following Canada's Food Guide, (3) affordability of the meals offered, and (4) cultural adaptability of the meal program. Over 90% of caregivers thought providing healthy meals and ample time to eat meals to be very important.Conclusion: Our results indicate caregivers support multicomponent meal programs that, along with providing nutritious food, help children build healthy habits and sustainable food systems. These findings will help dietitians understand caregivers' perspectives to inform the design of a national SFP.

Type 1 Diabetes in Ontario Schools: Policy and Practice.

OBJECTIVES: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a challenging chronic condition. Young children with T1D require daily support to manage their condition while at school. In 2018, Ontario established a provincial policy to ensure safe and equitable school participation for children with diabetes. Despite this, children and parents describe very different school experiences. In this qualitative study we describe the interpretation and implementation of school board policy related to the care of children with T1D from the perspective of school educators (principals/teachers). METHODS: Policy documents were reviewed employing a qualitative descriptive research design using directed qualitative content analysis. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 13 teachers and principals from 10 publicly funded elementary schools across the Hamilton and Toronto District School Boards in 2021. RESULTS: There are major differences in how policies regarding T1D are being implemented in schools. This includes how school staff are educated about T1D, and how they interpret and act on blood glucose information. Although educators often play an active role in supporting children, many face barriers, including competing priorities, fear, lack of information, and lack of support. Facilitators include effective communication/collaboration, actionable information, time, and a diabetes "champion." In some instances, access to nursing support could help to resolve barriers or create care gaps. CONCLUSIONS: School board policy provides high-level guidance on how to support children with T1D in school, but gaps remain. We provide specific recommendations regarding policy, staff education/training, roles and responsibilities, and future research.

[Impact of adapted physical activities on the health and psychological factors involved in the learning of pupils and students]. / Impacts des APA sur les facteurs psychologiques impliqués dans les apprentissages des élèves et des étudiants.

The literature documenting the positive role of adapted physical activities (APA) in academic success is flourishing. It's widely accepted that practicing APA helps you succeed. However, the pathway linking the impact of physical activity on student health to academic success remains unclear, and there is still a great deal of ground to cover. With this in mind, the aim of this article is to review what is known about the health benefits of physical activity and the psychological factors involved in learning in the school and university context.

Success or Failure? Are We Meeting the Needs of Children With Developmental Coordination Disorder?

Background. Current international clinical practice guidelines indicate that children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) should receive therapy, yet school and community-based occupational therapy is not standard of care. Purpose. To understand parent perspectives on best practice for treatment and what supports and services are required to meet their children's needs. Method. An online cross-sectional survey (impACT for DCD) was distributed to parents of children <18 years with self-reported suspected or diagnosed DCD living in British Columbia. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and contingency analyses to explore whether access to therapy differed with income, age of child, or geographical location. Open-ended questions were analyzed using content analysis. Findings. Of the 237 respondents, 194 children had suspected/confirmed DCD; however, only 20% (38/198) of the children had received therapy at school. Some parents (32/58) pursued private therapy. Geographic location and income had no relationship with therapy access (p > 0.05). Parents expressed frustration with poor awareness and understanding of the impact of DCD among educators, health-care professionals, and community members, and identified the need for funded and accessible school and community services and supports. Conclusion. Evidenced-based occupational therapy intervention should be standard of care for children with DCD as per clinical guidelines and parent-identified need.

Acceptability, Helpfulness, and Utility of the Healthy Lunch Box Booklet (HLBB) for Parents and School-Age Children.

Purpose: School lunches are of poor nutritional quality in Canada. Parents play an important role in the preparation of school lunches for young children. This study aimed to evaluate the acceptability and helpfulness of the Healthy Lunch Box Booklet (HLBB) to support parents in packing healthy school lunches for their children.Methods: The HLBB was distributed at four schools in London, Ontario to students in full-day Kindergarten to Grade three. Parents were asked to complete an online survey from April to November 2019.Results: Parents (n = 58) reported the HLBB to be helpful (96.3%) and found the sections on new school lunch and snack ideas and nutritional information (e.g., label reading) particularly useful. Some parents also stated that the HLBB created opportunities to interact with their children regarding school lunch preparation. In terms of perceived impacts, parents reported increased confidence (68.6%) and learning something new (79.6%) about school lunch preparation and felt that their children's diet was impacted accordingly.Conclusions: The HLBB was found to be an acceptable and useful nutrition resource that supports parents in packing healthy school lunches for their children and therefore warrants further study.

[Suspension of judgment, play and creativity in helping relationships]. / La suspension du jugement, le jeu et la créativité dans les relations d'aide.

The relational field does not only concern psychiatric professionals. A school teacher has carried out a university research work on the specificity of the psychic processes which are the basis of the helping relationship. Situations experienced in a kindergarten class describe the relational complexity involved, as well as the questioning and doubts of the professional. Finally, constructive approaches propose alternatives for maintaining the link in the relationship.

Undergraduate Medical Students' Perceptions of Nutrition Education at the Northern Ontario School of Medicine.

The objective of this evaluation was to determine Northern Ontario School of Medicine (NOSM) undergraduate medical education (UME) students' perceptions of the curriculum related to their nutrition knowledge, attitudes, and counseling self-efficacy/confidence. A 16-item electronic survey (Qualtrics©) was developed, and it included nutrition competency statements, adult and pediatric nutrition assessment and counseling confidence, and nutrition curriculum satisfaction. Students in Years 2, 3, and 4 (n = 192, 66%-73% female) were invited to answer the survey. Of the 61 respondents, 50.8% were Year 2, 34.9% Year 3, and 10.6% Year 4. Overall, 72.1% of the respondents were dissatisfied. Respondents perceived they were least competent in strategies to prevent and treat disease (72.1%), in applying basic dietary strategies (65.6%), and in ethics and nutrition management (62.3%), whereas 52.5% felt competent in the team approach to nutrition care. Respondents reported lowest confidence (less than 10%-15%) in specialized nutrition support, cancer care, renal nutrition, and mental health/eating disorders for both populations. NOSM medical learners reported curriculum dissatisfaction, nutrition incompetence, and poor levels of perceived confidence in nutrition management. Results will be used to inform nutrition curriculum enhancements and future outcome evaluations. Current and future physicians with enhanced nutrition knowledge, awareness of the Registered Dietitian (RD) roles, and an understanding of when to refer patients to an RD can provide better patient-centred care.

Impact of COVID-19 School-Related Policies in Ontario on Parents' School Lunch Packing Habits.

Purpose: COVID-19 has disrupted the daily routines of many Canadian families. In Ontario, provincially mandated public health measures have resulted in significant changes to school policies, including those related to food. The impact of COVID-19 related school food policies on parental lunch packing habits is unknown; therefore, this study investigated how school-related COVID-19 policies have impacted parental school lunch packing habits.Methods: Parents (N = 287) of school-aged children were recruited from parent-specific Facebook groups across Ontario, Canada, to complete an online survey regarding lunch packing habits. This survey was developed based on findings from a previously conducted scoping review. Open-ended survey responses were inductively analyzed.Results: Three over-arching themes were constructed: (1) Food Programs and COVID-19; (2) Schedule Changes; and (3) School Policy Changes. Parents explained that the cancellation or modification of food programs at schools, changes to the length of time children are given to eat at school, and removal of access to microwaves, garbage cans, and teacher assistance during lunch have forced parents to change their lunch packing habits.Conclusion: Findings from this study demonstrate a need for better support to help ease the burden parents experience when packing their child's school lunch, during an already extremely stressful time.

Le devenir d'Eva: les transformations entre puberté et adolescence / The becoming of Eva: Transformations between puberty and adolescence / O tornar-se de Eva: as transformações entre a puberdade e a adolescência / El convertirse de Eva: las transformationes entre la pubertad y la adolescencia

L'adolescence est une période de développement qui se caractérise par la présence de forts contrastes, étant donné la nécessité de concilier le nouveau et l'inconnu, favorisant une avance dans la croissance. Le contexte scolaire est par excellence l'espace où se tissent et s'entretissent un ensemble de dynamiques basées sur la construction de processus identitaires et d'identification, favorisant la connaissance. Les autrices proposent de réfléchir aux transformations psychiques d'Eva, une adolescente de 15 ans, en suivi psychothérapeutique dans le cadre scolaire. Le Rorschach a été l'instrument d'évaluation à deux moments différents, à 12 et à 14 ans, permettant d'accéder et de décrire, les transformations psychiques de son adolescence. Cette nouvelle lecture est très bénéfique pour une meilleure planification et exécution du travail psychothérapeutique.

A adolescência é um período do desenvolvimento caracterizado pela presença de fortes contrastes, dada a necessidade de conciliar o novo e o desconhecido, favorecendo um avanço no crescimento. O contexto escolar é por excelência o espaço onde se vão tecendo um conjunto de dinâmicas e tramas baseadas na construção de processos identitários e de identificação, promovendo o autoconhecimento. As autoras propõem se pensar as transformações psíquicas de Eva, uma adolescente de 15 anos, em acompanhamento psicoterapêutico no contexto escolar. O Rorschach foi o instrumento de avaliação em dois momentos distintos, aos 12 e aos 14 anos, permitindo aceder e descrever as transformações psíquicas durante o processo de adolescer. Essa nova leitura é altamente benéfica para um melhor planeamento e execução do processo psicoterapêutico.

Adolescence is a period of development characterized by the presence of strong contrasts, given the need to reconcile the new and the unknown, favoring an advance in growth. The school context is par excellence the space where a set of dynamics are woven and woven based on the construction of identity and identification processes, promoting self-knowledge. The authors propose to think about the psychic transformations of Eva, a 15-year-old adolescent, undergoing psychotherapeutic follow-up in the school context. The Rorschach was the assessment instrument at two different times, at 12 and 14 years old, allowing access and describing the psychic transformations during the process of becoming an adolescent. This new reading is highly beneficial for better planning and execution of the psychotherapeutic process.

La adolescencia es un período de desarrollo caracterizado por la presencia de fuertes contrastes, dada la necesidad de conciliar lo nuevo y lo desconocido, favoreciendo un avance en el crecimiento. El contexto escolar és por excelencia el espacio donde se tejen y tejen un conjunto de dinámicas a partir de procesos de construcción de identidad e identificación, fomentando el autoconocimiento. Los autores proponen pensar las transformaciones psíquicas de Eva, una adolescente de 15 años, en seguimiento psicoterapéutico en el contexto escolar. El Rorschach fue el instrumento de evaluación en dos momentos diferentes, a los 12 y 14 años, permitiendo acceder y describir las transformaciones psíquicas durante el proceso de convertirse en una adolescente. Esta nueva lectura es altamente beneficiosa para una mejor planificación y pratica del proceso psicoterapéutico.

O front na periferia: políticas de vida para a infância não sonhada / La línea de frente en los barrios marginales: políticas de vida para la infancia no soñada / The front on the periphery: life policies for the undreamed childhood / Le front dans la périphérie: politiques de vie pour une enfance sans rêve

A extensão do neoliberalismo para além do campo econômico resultou na consolidação da racionalidade do capital como lei social geral e o campo da educação tem servido como importante instrumento político de manutenção desse discurso. No Brasil, presencia-se a crescente exposição à condição de precariedade induzida, especialmente de crianças e jovens da periferia, sujeitos indesejáveis e não sonhados pela nação, expostos cotidianamente a uma lógica de guerra. Contudo, a união de corpos coletivos engajados em fomentar políticas de vida em territórios marginalizados tem se implicado performaticamente para fazer vingar o sonho de um futuro diferente para as próximas gerações. Através da articulação Psicanálise, Educação e Política, caminhos possíveis apresentam-se para pensar a educação escolar a contrapelo da escola neoliberal

La extensión del neoliberalismo más allá del campo económico resultó en la consolidación de la racionalidad del capital como ley social general y el campo de la educación ha servido como importante instrumento político de sustentación de ese discurso. En Brasil, se presencia lacreciente exposición a la condición de precariedad inducida, especialmente de niños y jóvenes de los suburbios, sujetos indeseables y no soñados por la nación, expuestos cotidianamente a una lógica de guerra. No obstante, la unión decuerpos colectivos comprometidos en fomentar políticas de vida en territorios marginalizados se ha implicado de manera performática para posibilitar el sueño de un futuro diferente para las próximas generaciones. A través de la articulación entre Psicoanálisis, Educación y Política,caminos posibles se presentan para pensar la educación escolar a contrapelo de la escuela neoliberal

The extension of neoliberalism beyond the economic field resulted in the consolidation of the rationality of capital as a general social law and the field of education has served as an important political instrument for maintaining this discourse. In Brazil, there is an increasing exposure to the condition of induced precariousness, especially of children and young people from the periphery, undesirable subjects and not dreamed of by the nation, exposed daily to a logic of war. However, the union of collective bodies engaged in fostering life policies in marginalized territories has been performatively involved to make the dream of a different future come true for the next generations. Through the articulation of Psychoanalysis, Education and Politics, possible ways are presented to think about school education against the grain of the neoliberal school

L'extensión du néo-libéralisme, au délà du champ écónomique, a resulté dans la cosolidationde la rationalité du capital comme loi sociale générale et le champ de l'éducation sert comme un important instrument politique pour le maintien de ce discours. Au Brésil, il y ala croissance de l'exposition des enfants et des jeunes de la périphérie pauvre et marginalisée à la précarisation induite. Ceux-ci considerés des sujets indésirables et que la nation ne les rêve plus sont aussi exposés toujours à une logique de guerre. Cependent, l'union des mouvements colectifs engagés en nourrir politiques de vie dans les térritoires marginalisés, a dévélopée le rêve d'un futur plus promisseur pour les générations de l'avenir. Avec l'articulation de la Psychanalise, l'Éducation et la Politique, des chemins possibles se présentent pour réflechir sur l'éducation au contrepoids de l'école néo-libérale

Uma juventude privada de escola: luto e sonhos em tempos de pandemia / Una juventud privada de escuela: duelo y sueños en tiempos de pandemia / A youth deprived of school: mourning and dreams in times of pandemic / Une jeunesse privée d'école: deuil et rêve en temps de pandémie

No contexto brasileiro de fechamento de escolas devido à pandemia da Covid-19, diante de múltiplas formas de crise social e de um projeto de destruição do país liderado pelas autoridades políticas, esta contribuição testemunha como os jovens que encontramos no momento da transição entre o ensino médio e a universidade no âmbito de um projeto de pesquisa viveram este período. As entrevistas realizadas trouxeram à tona a importante questão do relacionamento deles com a escola, enquanto instituição, nesse momento existencial de projeção. A pesquisa destaca o fato de que estes jovens foram capazes de atravessar estas crises se apoiando em uma forma de escola internalizada, um traço identificatório que tornou possível o trabalho psíquico do luto, permitindo-lhes não cair em um estado melancólico

En el contexto brasileño de cierre de escuelas debido a la pandemia del Covid-19, frente a múltiples formas de crisis socialy a un proyecto de destrucción del país liderado por las autoridades políticas, esta contribución da testimonio de cómo vivieron este período los jóvenes que conocimos en el momento de la transición entre la enseñanza media y la universidad en el marco de un proyecto de investigación. Las entrevistas realizadas sacaron a la luz la importante cuestión de su relación con la escuela, como institución,en este momento existencial de proyección. La investigación destaca el hecho de que estos jóvenes pudieron atravessar estas crisis apoyándose en una forma interiorizada de escuela, un rasgo de identificación que hizo posible el trabajo psíquico del duelo, permitiéndoles no caer en un estado melancólico

In the Brazilian context of school closures due to the Covid-19 pandemic, in the face of multiple forms of social crisis and a project of destruction of the country led by the political authorities, this contribution bears witness to how the young people we met at the moment of transition between high school and university within the framework of a research project experienced this period. The interviews conducted brought to light the important issue of their relationship with school, as an institution, at this existential moment of projection. The research highlights the fact that these young people were able to cross these crises by relying on an internalized form of school, an identificatory trait that made possible the psychic work of mourning, allowing them not to fall into a melancholic state

Dans le contexte brésilien de fermeture des écoles en raison de la pandemie de la Covid-19, face aux multiples formes de crises sociales et à un projet de destruction du pays mené par les autorités politiques, cette contribution témoigne de comment les jeunes rencontrés au moment du passage entre le lycée et l'université dans le cadre d'une recherche ont vécu cette période. Les entretiens menés ont fait émerger la question importante de leur rapport à l'école, en tant qu'institution,dans ce moment existentiel de projection. La recherche met en lumière le fait que ces jeunes ont pu traverser ces crisesen s'appuyant sur une forme d'école intériorisée, un trait identificatoire qui a renduossible le travail psychique du deuil,leur permettant de ne pas tomber dans un état mélancolique

[Sociology of transidentity]. / Sociologie des transidentités.

The issues concerning trans individuals cross our contemporary concerns. They are at the heart of new visibilities in television series, at the crossroads of controversy and misunderstanding in the world of sports, in the spotlight of transphobic violence, or in the case of problems within institutions, whether medical or academic. However, increased visibility does not always mean increased understanding.

[Families and transitions]. / Familles et transitions.

Today, more and more young people are questioning the fixations of identity. They claim the right to invent themselves and invite adults to deconstruct the boundaries between masculine and feminine, between heterosexuality and homosexuality. Parents are often disconcerted by this, especially when they are confronted with transgender issues in their child or adolescent. They react in different ways, from guilt to rejection, from resignation to support. The work of professionals, especially psychiatrists, does not consist so much in identifying the sources of gender issues as in creating a space for listening and supporting young people who are at particular risk of suicide.

Abnormal brain oxygen homeostasis in an animal model of liver disease.

Background & Aims: Increased plasma ammonia concentration and consequent disruption of brain energy metabolism could underpin the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy (HE). Brain energy homeostasis relies on effective maintenance of brain oxygenation, and dysregulation impairs neuronal function leading to cognitive impairment. We hypothesised that HE is associated with reduced brain oxygenation and we explored the potential role of ammonia as an underlying pathophysiological factor. Methods: In a rat model of chronic liver disease with minimal HE (mHE; bile duct ligation [BDL]), brain tissue oxygen measurement, and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy were used to investigate how hyperammonaemia impacts oxygenation and metabolic substrate availability in the central nervous system. Ornithine phenylacetate (OP, OCR-002; Ocera Therapeutics, CA, USA) was used as an experimental treatment to reduce plasma ammonia concentration. Results: In BDL animals, glucose, lactate, and tissue oxygen concentration in the cerebral cortex were significantly lower than those in sham-operated controls. OP treatment corrected the hyperammonaemia and restored brain tissue oxygen. Although BDL animals were hypotensive, cortical tissue oxygen concentration was significantly improved by treatments that increased arterial blood pressure. Cerebrovascular reactivity to exogenously applied CO2 was found to be normal in BDL animals. Conclusions: These data suggest that hyperammonaemia significantly decreases cortical oxygenation, potentially compromising brain energy metabolism. These findings have potential clinical implications for the treatment of patients with mHE. Lay summary: Brain dysfunction is a serious complication of cirrhosis and affects approximately 30% of these patients; however, its treatment continues to be an unmet clinical need. This study shows that oxygen concentration in the brain of an animal model of cirrhosis is markedly reduced. Low arterial blood pressure and increased ammonia (a neurotoxin that accumulates in patients with liver failure) are shown to be the main underlying causes. Experimental correction of these abnormalities restored oxygen concentration in the brain, suggesting potential therapeutic avenues to explore.

["I have observed anxious children who hurt themselves to avoid school."] / « J'ai observé des enfants anxieux qui se blessaient pour éviter l'école ¼.

Christine Baveux is a classics teacher. After having worked in various schools, she joined the team of the Maison de Solenn - Maison des adolescents of the Cochin Hospital as a schooling manager in 2005. Her career, rich in experience, has enabled her to appreciate the suffering that some adolescents may experience at school, a suffering often expressed on the physical level.

Examining Elementary School Children's Knowledge about Food and Nutrition in Southwestern Ontario, Canada.

Purpose: Knowledge is fundamental to helping children make nutritional choices that support lifelong healthy behaviours. This study (i) investigates elementary school children's knowledge about food and nutrition and (ii) identifies sociodemographic factors influencing children's reported knowledge.Methods: In 2017-2019, a survey was administered to 2443 students (grades 5-8) at 60 schools across southwestern Ontario, Canada, and a parent survey was used to validate self-reported sociodemographics. Multiple regression was used to analyse children's knowledge scores and related sociodemographic factors. A total knowledge score was calculated by summing correct responses derived from 46 individual questions in the student survey.Results: Mean total knowledge score was 29.2 out of a possible 46 points (63.5% correct). Students demonstrated some knowledge and awareness of strategies to encourage fruit and vegetable consumption, healthy food selection, nutrition, and food preparation skills, although knowledge of food guide recommendations and locally sourced produce were limited. Female sex, family income, and rurality were associated with higher knowledge scores.Conclusions: Results provide insight regarding strengths and gaps in elementary-school children's food and nutrition knowledge. Poor performance of students on specific food guide-related questions suggests that the general guidance of the 2019 Canada's Food Guide might be better understood by children and adolescents.

Comprehensive Nutrition Interventions in First Nation-Operated Schools in Canada.

Comprehensive school-based nutrition interventions offer a promising strategy to support healthy eating for First Nations children. A targeted strategic review was performed to identify nutrition interventions in 514 First Nation-operated schools across Canada through their websites. Directed content analysis was used to describe if interventions used 1 or more of the 4 components of the Comprehensive School Health (CSH) framework. Sixty schools had interventions. Nearly all (n = 56, 93%) schools offered breakfast, snack, and (or) lunch programs (social and physical environment). About one-third provided opportunities for students to learn about traditional healthy Indigenous foods and food procurement methods (n = 18, 30%) (teaching and learning) or facilitated connections between the school and students' families or the community (n = 16, 27%) (partnerships and services). Few schools (n = 10, 17%) had a nutrition policy outlining permitted foods (school policy). Less than 1% (n = 3) of interventions included all 4 CSH components. Results suggest that most First Nation-operated schools provide children with food, but few have nutrition interventions that include multiple CSH components. First Nation-operated schools may require additional financial and (or) logistical support to implement comprehensive school-based nutrition interventions, which have greater potential to support long-term health outcomes for children than single approaches.

[Food allergy at school: Personalized healthcare project and adrenaline]. / Prise en charge des allergies alimentaires en milieu scolaire en France : projet d'accueil individualisé et adrénaline.

In Europe, the prevalence of food allergy is estimated at 6-8% of children. Ten to 20% of pediatric food-induced anaphylaxis reactions occur at school. Individual healthcare plans (IHP) for food allergy aim at: identifying children at risk of allergic reactions; reducing the risk of allergen exposure; providing emergency kits containing adrenaline auto-injectors (AAI) if needed with emergency action plans and instructions about when and how to use AAI. In France, IHP were introduced into law in 2003 and was updated in 2021. The number of IHP for allergy is increasing since 10 years (50,000 IHP for allergy/year). While the recommendations of the learned societies have resulted in the national harmonization of criteria for the implementation of IHP for allergy and for the prescription of emergency kits with AAI, adrenaline remains underused. In 2019, a national policy stated that all high schools must have a provision of spare AAI in case of anaphylaxis and the promotion of school staff training about food allergy and anaphylaxis was encouraged. These recommendations should be assessed widely and allergy training should be widespread. Pharmacists play an important role to take care of food-allergic children: provision of AAI prescribed for the most at-risk food allergic patients, advice and information on AAI. The pharmacist is therefore a key player in the therapeutic education of the patient to reinforce the key messages on the efficacy and safety of adrenaline used for anaphylaxis.

Occupational Therapy Theory and School-Based Filial Therapy: Intervention Rationale and Formulation.

Background: Emotional-behavioural problems in children present a barrier to engagement and participation in school occupations. Applying practice theory is an essential process to explore the impact of clinical problems and to orient clinical thinking to the domain of occupation. Purpose: Occupational therapy practice theory and frameworks are applied to the formulation of School-Based Filial Therapy, a viable treatment response to emotional-behavioural problems in children. Key issues: Bowen family systems theory, the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework IV and the Canadian Model of Occupational Performance and Engagement are applied to intervention formulation. Implications: School-Based Filial Therapy engages the dynamic interaction of the person, the occupations he/she engages in and the environment via therapeutic medium of play. It is consistent with the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework IV and the Canadian Model of Occupational Performance and Engagement and provides new possibilities as an intervention for occupational therapists working in children's mental health.