RESUMO
The study reports the antifungal and aflatoxin B1 inhibitory efficacy of chemically characterized chitosan-based nanoencapsulated Foeniculum vulgare Mill. essential oil (Ne-FvEO), and its effect on sensory and nutritional properties of Sorghum bicolor. The Ne-FvEO was characterized through SEM, FTIR and XRD. The Ne-FvEO demonstrated superior antifungal (0.4 µl/ml) and aflatoxin B1 inhibitory (0.3 µl/ml) performance than the free FvEO. The biochemical studies reveal the significant alteration in ergosterol content, ions leakage, mitochondrial membrane potential, C-sources utilization and antioxidant defense system in A. flavus exposed to Ne-FvEO. The 3D modeling of the Nor-1 gene product was done using the I-TASSER server and validated by the Ramachandran plot. The in-situ result reveals that the Ne-FvEO significantly preserved the nutritional and sensory characteristics of S. bicolor seeds. Therefore, Ne-FvEO could be used as a green preservative agent to enhance the shelf-life of the food commodities.
Assuntos
Aflatoxina B1/antagonistas & inibidores , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Quitosana/química , Foeniculum/química , Nanocompostos/química , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Derivados de Alilbenzenos , Anisóis/metabolismo , Antifúngicos/isolamento & purificação , Qualidade dos Alimentos , Proteínas Fúngicas/metabolismo , Fungos/efeitos dos fármacos , Potencial da Membrana Mitocondrial/efeitos dos fármacos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Mitocôndrias/efeitos dos fármacos , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Álcool Oxidorredutases Dependentes de NAD(+) e NADP(+)/metabolismo , Nanogéis/química , Óleos Voláteis/isolamento & purificação , Ligação Proteica , Sementes/química , Sorghum/químicaRESUMO
Introduction: Traditionally Prangos ferulacea root is being used as an effective wound healing agent especially for pus-filled wounds both in human and stocks in the western north of Iran. Regarding the subject we decided to study P. ferulacea roots essential oil (PFE) for its antimicrobial and wound healing activities. Methods: The in vitro wound healing activity of PFE was evaluated in the mouse fibroblast cell line L929 using MTT assay of cell viability and cytotoxicity indices. Scratch assay as an in vitro model of wound healing assay was also conducted in this study. Moreover, the type I collagen content was used as an indicator of progress in wound healing process using Sircol collagen assay. Besides, PFE was subjected to GC/MS to identify the chemical constituents, and antimicrobical property was also evaluated against S. aureus, S. epidermidis, E. coli, P. aeruginosa,S. paratyphi and C. albicans using agar dilution method. Results: GC/MS analysis showed that the monoterpene hydrocarbones dominated in PFE, amounting to a total percentage of 95.1% with the major constituents: ß-Phellandrene (32.1%), m-Tolualdehyde (26.2%), and δ-3-carene (25.8%). PFE inhibited the growth of S. aureus and P. aeruginusa with the MIC value of 20 µg/mL. In addition, at the second day of treatment, PFE at concentrations of 4 and 16 µg/mL significantly (P<0.001) enhanced the migration rate of L929 cells by 87.05±2.4 and 63.5±0.08 %, respectively. Moreover, the collagen production by L929 cells was increased greatly (P<0.001). Conclusion: It is proposed that the excellent antimicrobial activity along with the significant increase of migration rate and collagen production by fibroblast cells might be associated with the high content and synergistic effect of the monoterpens, corroborating the traditional usage of this plant as a wound healing agent.