Cell-in-cell phenomena of intracellular neutrophils in a recurrent pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma.

We describe a case of a young patient with a recurrent pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) showing unusual cell-in-cell (CiC) phenomena. We observed mostly viable but also necrotic neutrophils engulfed within tumor cells. The recurrent tumor was immunopositive for BRAFV600E mutant protein and showed CDKN2 homozygous deletions typical of PXA. Both genetic alterations were also reported in the original primary tumor. Unlike the original tumor that was GFAP and Olig-2 immunopositive, the recurrent neoplasm was largely negative for GFAP and Olig-2 suggesting dedifferentiation. The large malignant cells that contained the neutrophils were negative for histiocytic and lymphohematopoietic markers. Whereas CDKN2 homozygous deletion is common in PXA, its presence is rare in histiocytic neoplasms. Both reactive astrocytes and glial neoplasms very rarely may engulf neutrophils in a process resembling emperipolesis or cellular cannibalism. Future work may clarify which type of CiC pathway is involved.

Fourth Ventricular Rosai-Dorfman Disease Mimicking Intraventricular Tumor in Young Adult: A Rare Case Report.

Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) or sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy can present with or without systemic disease. It is a benign histioproliferative disorder characterized by generalized lymphadenopathy, weakness, anemia, and rarely extranodal involvement. While RDD most commonly affects lymph nodes, extranodal involvement of multiple organs has been reported, including the central nervous system (CNS). However, CNS involvement in RDD is rare and is not well characterized. Isolated involvement of the fourth ventricle is even rarer. Such lesions may be mistaken for intraventricular tumors such as ependymoma or medulloblastoma. This report highlights the necessity to consider RDD as a differential diagnosis in case of intraventricular space-occupying lesion.

Repeated Intravenous Methylprednisolone May Prevent Deterioration of Hypertrophic Pachymeningitis in Rosai-Dorfman Disease.

Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) is a rare form of non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Although 20% of patients with RDD have spontaneous remission, some cases with central nervous system (CNS) involvement require surgery or systemic treatment. We encountered a case of RDD in which hypertrophic pachymeningitis was diffuse, eliminating the need for surgical intervention. A 72-year-old Japanese man was diagnosed with RDD based on pathological lymph node findings. Repeated intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP) administration resolved and stabilized the hypertrophic pachymeningitis without any sequelae. If surgery or anticancer medications are contraindicated, repeated IVMP may be a good therapeutic option for CNS-associated RDD.

Multiple foci of Rosai-Dorfman disease in colon: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) is an uncommon proliferative histiocytic disorder involving lymph nodes and various organs. Forty-three percent of RDD cases originate from extranodal sites; however, RDD rarely arises from the colon. CASE PRESENTATION: A 75-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of intra-abdominal masses that were incidentally detected during surveillance by computed tomography (CT) after treatment for lung cancer. Enhanced CT showed two mass lesions located in the cecum to the appendix (diameter, 40 mm) and around the sigmoid colon (diameter, 24 mm). Positron emission tomography (PET)-CT revealed an apparent uptake of fluorodeoxyglucose. Intraluminal endoscopy did not reveal definite mucosal abnormalities. These findings suggest the presence of malignant neoplasms including gastrointestinal stromal tumors, lung cancer metastasis, and malignant lymphoma. Exploratory laparoscopy and/or tumor excision were planned to obtain a definitive diagnosis. Based on laparoscopic findings, ileocecal resection and sigmoidectomy were simultaneously performed to excise the tumors. Postoperative histopathological examination revealed multiple RDD originating from the mesocolon side of the cecum and the sigmoid colon. The patient did not receive any adjuvant therapy. No recurrence was observed one year after surgery. CONCLUSION: RDD originating from the colon is extremely rare. Tumor extirpation or organ resection is sometimes required to obtain a definitive diagnosis of RDD, and minimally invasive surgery is helpful.

Emperipolesis in pleural fluid mesothelial cells. A phenomenon not associated with Rosai-Dorfman disease, report of a case.

Emperipolesis is a cell-within-cell phenomenon distinct from phagocytosis more often described in Rosai-Dorfman disease, where usually lymphocytes or other bone marrow cells (plasma cells, erythroblasts or neutrophils) are entirely surrounded but not engulfed by macrophages as the host cell, but occasionally megakaryocytes and neoplastic could be. Mesothelial cell has been described in a couple of cases of lymphomas affecting serous membranes, but never described in pleuritis. In the present work, the first case of emperipolesis by mesothelial cells in a patient with self-limited pleural effusion was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry and Electron Microscopy studies.

Clinical and Molecular Characteristics of Megakaryocytes in Myelodysplastic Syndrome.

Objective Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a malignant clonal disorder of hematopoietic stem cells which is characterized by morphologic dysplasia. However, the pathological characteristics of megakaryocytes (MKs) in MDS patients with gene mutation are not well established. Methods Bone marrow MK specimens from 104 patients with primary MDS were evaluated, and all patients were distributed into two groups according to gene mutation associated with functional MKs. The morphologic and cellular characteristics of MKs and platelets were recorded and compared. Results The more frequently mutated genes in MDS patients were TUBB1 (11.54%), VWF (8.65%), NBEAL2 (5.77%), and the most common point mutation was TUBB1 p.(R307H) and p.(Q43P). Patients with MK mutation showed a decrease in adenosine diphosphate-induced platelet aggregation, high proportion of CD34 + CD61 + MKs (10.00 vs. 4.00%, p = 0.012), and short overall survival (33.15 vs. 40.50 months, p = 0.013). Further, patients with a higher percent of CD34 + CD61 + MKs (≧20.00%) had lower platelet counts (36.00 × 10 9 /L vs. 88.50 × 10 9 /L, p = 0.015) and more profound emperipolesis ( p = 0.001). By analyzing RNA-sequencing of MKs, differentially expressed mRNA was involved in physiological processes including platelet function and platelet activation, especially for MDS patients with high percent of CD34 + CD61 + MKs. The high levels of expression of CD62P, CXCL10, and S100A9 mRNA, shown by RNA sequencing, were validated by PCR assay. Conclusion High proportion of CD34 + CD61 + MKs was a poor prognostic factor in MDS patients with MK mutation. CD62P, CXCL10, and S100A9 may be the potential targets to evaluate the molecular link between gene defects and platelet function.

A rare case of facial cutaneous Rosai-Dorfman disease clinically mimicking basal cell carcinoma followed by multiple myeloma after 2 years.

Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) is a rare non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis disorder characterized by the proliferation of histiocytes within the lymph nodes. Extranodal involvement can occur; however, only 10% of extranodal RDD involve the skin. We present a unique case of a 66-year-old woman with cutaneous RDD followed by the development of multiple myeloma (MM). To our knowledge, this is only the second reported case where RDD preceded a diagnosis of MM, with the first documented instance occurring in 2018. The patient presented to the dermatology clinic with a 5-year history of painless, solitary lesion over the right cheek. Local examination revealed a single 6 mm x 7 mm well-circumscribed pearly telangiectatic lesion resembling basal cell carcinoma over the right nasolabial fold and cheek. The lesion was excised with a 3 mm circumferential margin. Histopathology showed a mixed lymphohistiocytic cell infiltrate with emperipolesis and immunohistochemical staining patterns consistent with RDD. Two years later, the patient presented with hip pain and was diagnosed with MM. She was treated with lenalidomide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone, and was later maintained on lenalidomide. Our case adds to the limited evidence suggesting a potential association between RDD and MM. Further research in this field is required to promptly identify and manage patients with such a presentation in the future.

Rosai Dorfman Disease: A Rare Case Report.

To study the presentation and plan of treatment of patient with Rosai Dorfman Disease. Rosai-Dorfman disease(RDD), is rare, non-neoplastic, multisystemic histiocytic disorder. Nodal form is more common. It's self-limiting disorder of unknown etiology. Symptomatic treatment is mainstay. Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is rare ciliopathic, autosomal-recessive disorder, affecting multiple organs. Characterized by marked central obesity, retinal dystrophy, polydactyly, mental retardation, hypogonadism and renal dysfunction. Treatment is symptomatic with hormone supplementation & regular follow-ups. 10 year male presented with swelling over left side of neck and intermittent fever since 2 years, diminished vision in night since 5 years. History of similar complaints on right side 5 years back. Fine needle aspiration cytology(FNAC)-features consistent with Rosai Dorfman Disease. Examination showed short stature, squint eyes, polydactyly. Multiple palpable neck nodes of variable sizes. Ophthalmic evaluation showed Retinitis Pigmentosa. Paediatric consultation for syndromic evaluation, features were consistent with Bardet Biedel syndrome. Since the presentation is same as that of opposite side in past, because of recurrence of symptoms even with regular antibiotic and steroid therapy, and no local recurrence of disease on right side, surgical excision is planned for the patient. Rosai-Dorfman disease and Bardet-Biedl syndrome are rare disorders presenting many diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. High degree of clinical suspicion (RDD & BBS) with typical histopathological features (RDD) are diagnostic. Symptomatic treatment is useful and surgical excision can be done for recurrent/ complicated cases of RDD while symptomatic treatment with regular follow-up for BBS.

Diagnostic consideration of lipoma-like lesion: A case report of primary cutaneous Rosai-Dorfman disease.

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) is a rare disorder characterized by benign histiocytic proliferation. The purely cutaneous variant of Rosai-Dorfman disease is exceptionally uncommon. This abstract centers on an extraordinary case-an instance of primary cutaneous Rosai-Dorfman disease (PCRDD), a rare cutaneous variant within an already infrequent disorder. Successfully managed through surgical intervention, this unique case underscores the pressing need for refined diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. CASE REPORT: We present a noteworthy case of primary cutaneous Rosai-Dorfman disease (PCRDD) in a north African female, deviating from the typical age of onset. The patient exhibited a rare cutaneous variant, emphasizing the need for heightened awareness in diverse demographics. Histological analysis revealed characteristic emperipolesis and immunohistochemical features consistent with RDD. CLINICAL DISCUSSION: PCRDD, although uncommon within the Rosai-Dorfman Disease spectrum, manifests with a later onset and distinctive demographic characteristics. Surgical excision emerges as a viable therapeutic option for managing symptomatic lesions, as demonstrated in our case. The infrequency of PCRDD underscores the importance of tailored diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Individualized approaches become pivotal in addressing the complexities associated with PCRDD, ensuring careful consideration of its intricacies in the broader context of Rosai-Dorfman disease. CONCLUSION: This case underscores the complexity of RDD, especially in rare cutaneous presentations. Surgical excision, with its reported efficacy, stands as a crucial intervention, offering both symptomatic relief and potential cure, showcasing the significance of individualized care in managing this rare disorder. Continued research remains imperative for advancing RDD understanding and refining clinical approaches.

Myxoinflammatory Fibroblastic Sarcoma.

MIFS is a low-grade fibroblastic sarcoma that predilects to superficial distal extremity soft tissue. It is composed of plump spindled and epithelioid cells, inflammatory infiltrates, and mucin deposits in a fibrosclerotic stroma. Large epithelioid cells harboring bizarre nuclei and virocyte-like macronucleoli and pleomorphic pseudolipoblasts are characteristic. While conventional MIFS has locally recurrent potential but minimal metastatic risk, tumors with high-grade histologic features have a greater risk for recurrence and metastasis. Wide local excision is the recommended treatment.

Enfermedad de Rosai-Dorfman cutánea, reporte de un caso / Cutaneous Rosai-Dorfman disease, a case report

RESUMEN La enfermedad de Rosai-Dorfman cutánea (ERDC) es una rara proliferación reactiva de histiocitos, que cursa con lesiones cutáneas sin compromiso generalizado. Las manifestaciones clínicas cutáneas son diversas y la variante clínica "tipo tumoración" es la forma más infrecuente. Se describe el caso de un paciente con ERDC que se presentó con esta forma inusual.

ABSTRACT Cutaneous Rosai-Dorfman disease (CRDD) is a rare reactive histiocytic proliferation, which presents with skin lesions without systemic involvement. The clinical cutaneous manifestations are diverse and the "tumor-like" clinical variant is the most infrequent. We describe the case of a patient with CRDD who presented with this unusual form.

Rosai-Dorfman disease of the oral cavity.

First described by J Rosai and R F Dorfman in 1969, Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) is a benign, self-limiting histiocytosis of unknown etiology. It is usually seen in the first two decades of life. The most frequent clinical presentation is painless, bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy accompanied by fever, weight loss, and an elevated ESR. However, RDD without nodal involvement is extremely rare, and the most common extranodal location is the head and neck region, mainly affecting the nasal cavity, pharynx, and paranasal sinuses. Oral location of RDD is occasional; according to our knowledge, only 17 cases of oral Rosai-Dorfman disease without lymph node involvement have been found in the literature. Because of the rarity of these isolated oral presentations, the clinical and radiological aspects need to be more studied. This article aims to present a rare case of oral Rosai-Dorfman disease without nodal involvement, detail the clinical and radiological signs, and the treatment strategy used in our patient.

Rosai-Dorfman disease of the oral cavity

ABSTRACT First described by J Rosai and R F Dorfman in 1969, Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) is a benign, self-limiting histiocytosis of unknown etiology. It is usually seen in the first two decades of life. The most frequent clinical presentation is painless, bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy accompanied by fever, weight loss, and an elevated ESR. However, RDD without nodal involvement is extremely rare, and the most common extranodal location is the head and neck region, mainly affecting the nasal cavity, pharynx, and paranasal sinuses. Oral location of RDD is occasional; according to our knowledge, only 17 cases of oral Rosai-Dorfman disease without lymph node involvement have been found in the literature. Because of the rarity of these isolated oral presentations, the clinical and radiological aspects need to be more studied. This article aims to present a rare case of oral Rosai-Dorfman disease without nodal involvement, detail the clinical and radiological signs, and the treatment strategy used in our patient.

Tratamiento exitoso de enfermedad de Rosai-Dorfman con inmunomoduladores y quimioterapia metronómica / Successful treatment of Rosai-Dorfman disease with immunomodulators and metronomic chemotherap

RESUMEN Introducción: La enfermedad de Rosai-Dorfman es una histiocitosis linfática masiva caracterizada por emperipolesis con inmunohistoquímica positiva para S100 y CD68. Es una entidad clínica rara y de curso benigno más comúnmente presentada en varones. Objetivo: El propósito de este caso clínico es demostrar el tratamiento exitoso de la enfermedad de Rosai-Dorfman con inmunomoduladores y quimioterapia metronómica. Presentación del caso: Paciente masculino de 57 años que acude por linfadenopatía cervical bilateral, a quien se le realiza tomografía y biopsia ganglionar con resultados positivos para S100 y CD68 con marcado fenómeno de emperipolesis. Recibió esquema inmunomodulador y quimioterapia metronómica exitosa con remisión de enfermedad. Conclusiones: Los pacientes diagnosticados con Rosai-Dorfman son muy pocos debido a lo inusual de esta entidad clínica. Es importante mencionar que esta enfermedad es una histiocitosis de células tipo No Langerhans con características de benignidad y buena respuesta al manejo con corticoides y quimioterapia metronómica, terapia instaurada en nuestro paciente con buena evolución.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Rosai-Dorfman disease is a massive lymphocytic histiocytosis characterized by emperipolesis with positive immunohistochemistry for S100 and CD68. It is a rare clinical entity of benign course most commonly presenting in males. Objective: The purpose of this clinical case is to demonstrate successful treatment of Rosai-Dorfman disease with immunomodulators and metronomic chemotherapy. Case presentation: A 57-year-old male patient presenting with bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy underwent CT scan and lymph node biopsy with positive results for S100 and CD68 with marked emperipolesis phenomenon. He received immunomodulatory scheme and successful metronomic chemotherapy with disease remission. Conclusions: Patients diagnosed with Rosai-Dorfman are very few due to the unusual nature of this clinical entity. It is important to mention that this disease is a non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis with benign characteristics and good response to management with corticosteroids and metronomic chemotherapy, therapy established in our patient with good evolution.

Rosai Dorfman's disease of the maxillary bone with soft tissue involvement of the cheek: Case Presentation and Literature Review / Enfermedad de Rosai Dorfman de maxilar con compromiso de partes blandas de mejilla: Presentación de caso y revisión de la literatura

The Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) is a bening entity, of unknown etiology, rare, characterized by the overproduction of histiocytes and their subsequent accumulation in the lymph nodes, which may also compromise other organs and systems. It predominantly affects young people. The histological study, which shows emperipolesis, is very indicative but not pathognomonic, but with the immunohistochemistry the diagnosis of the disease is reached, which does not have a well-protocolized treatment. Its evolution is highly variable, with spontaneous remission being a possibility, although in some cases the commitment is extensive, compromising important or vital anatomical structures that requiere vigorous treatment, which can be surgical, radiotherapy and even chemotherapy. We present a case of RDD that affected a 17-year-old girl with upper jaw and right maxillary sinus commitment, which began with loss of teeth, and subsequent appearance of a painless and deforming facial tumour that underwent surgical resection. In this case, the etiological diagnosis was not posible in the preoperative period despite multiple biopsies. An extensive review of the literature is carried out in order to a better understanding of this pathology.

La Enfermedad de Rosai-Dorfman (ERD) es una entidad benigna, de etiología desconocida, poco frecuente, caracterizada por la sobreproducción de histiocitos y su posterior acúmulo en los linfonodos, pudiendo comprometer también a otros órganos y sistemas. Afecta predominantemente a personas jóvenes. El estudio histológico, que muestra emperipolesis, es muy orientativa pero no patognomónica, aunque con la Inmunohistoquímica se llega al diagnóstico de la enfermedad que no tiene un tratamiento bien protocolizado. Su evolución es muy variable, siendo la remisión espontánea una posibilidad, no obstante, en algunos casos, el compromiso es extenso, comprometiendo estructuras anatómicas importantes o vitales que requieren de un tratamiento enérgico, pudiendo ser éste quirúrgico, radioterápico y aún quimioterápico. Se presenta un caso de ERD que afectó a una joven de 17 años, con compromiso de maxilar y seno maxilar derecho, que debutó con pérdida de piezas dentarias y posterior aparición de un tumor facial indoloro y deformante que fue sometido a resección quirúrgica. En este caso no fue posible el diagnóstico etiológico en el preoperatorio pese a múltiples biopsias. Se hace una extensa revisión de la literatura con el objeto de conocer mejor esta patología.

Rosai-Dorfman disease affecting the maxilla

Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD), formerly called sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy, is a non-neoplastic proliferative histiocytic disorder with behavior ranging from highly aggressive to spontaneous remission. Although the lymph nodes are more commonly involved, any organ can be affected. This study aimed to describe the features and the follow-up of a case of extranodal RDD. Our patient was a 39-year-old woman who was referred with an 11-month history of pain in the right maxilla. On clinical examination, some upper right teeth presented full mobility with normal appearance of the surrounding gingiva. Radiographic exams showed an extensive bone reabsorption and maxillary sinus filled with homogeneous tissue, which sometimes showed polypoid formation. An incisional biopsy demonstrated a diffuse inflammatory infiltrate rich in foamy histiocytes displaying lymphocytes emperipolesis. Immunohistochemistry showed positivity for CD68 and S-100, and negativity for CD3, CD20, and CD30. Such features were consistent with the RDD diagnosis. The patient was referred to a hematologist and corticotherapy was administrated for 6 months. RDD is an uncommon disease that rarely affects the maxilla. In the present case, the treatment was conservative, and the patient is currently asymptomatic after 5 years of follow-up.

Histological variability and the importance of clinicopathological correlation in cutaneous Rosai-Dorfman disease

Abstract: Rosai-Dorfman disease is a benign histiocytic proliferative disorder of unknown etiology. The disease mainly affects lymph node tissue, although it is rarely confined to the skin. Here, we describe a 53-year-old woman with purely cutaneous Rosai-Dorfman disease. The patient presented with a large pigmented plaque on her left leg, and sparse erythematous papules on her face and arms. A complete clinical response was achieved with thalidomide, followed by recurrence at the initial site one year later. The histological examination displayed the typical features of Rosai-Dorfman disease in the recent lesions but not in the older lesions. In the setting of no lymphadenopathy, the histopathological features of Rosai-Dorfman disease are commonly misinterpreted. Therefore, awareness of the histological aspects present at different stages, not always featuring the hallmark microscopic signs of Rosai-Dorfman disease, is particularly important for a correct diagnosis of this rare disorder.

Enfermedad de Rosai-Dorfman: A propósito de un caso / Rosai-Dorfman disease: Case report

La enfermedad de Rosai-Dorfman; también conocida como linfadenopatía masiva con histiocitosis sinusal; es un raro desorden de etiología desconocida; generalmente asociado a un agrandamiento de los ganglios linfáticos superficiales y/o profundos. La mayoría de los pacientes no requiere tratamiento. Presentamos el caso de un niño de 10 meses de vida, que ingresa con una tumoración cervical izquierda de 25 días de evolución.

Rosai-Dorfman disease, also known as sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy, is a rare dis order of unknown etiology, generally associated with enlargement of superficial and/or deep lymph nodes. Most patients do not require treatment. We report the case of a 10 month old infant who was admitted with a left cervical tumor of 25 days duration.

Rosai-Dorfman disease presenting with extensive cutaneous manifestation - Case report / Doença de Rosai-Dorfman com manifestação cutânea extensa - Relato de caso

Rosai-Dorfman disease is a benign, self-limited, idiopathic proliferative histiocytic disorder. It was first described in 1969 by Rosai and Dorfman. In its typical form the disease is characterized by extensive cervical lymphadenopathy associated with fever, polyclonal gammopathy and leukocytosis with neutrophilia. The skin is the most common site affected. Extranodal manifestations have been reported in 43% of cases. In this study, we report an atypical case of Rosai-Dorfman disease in a female with massive cutaneous manifestation on the thigh, associated with a minimal lymphadenopathy limited to the regional inguinal lymph nodes.

A doença de Rosai-Dorfman é uma desordem benigna, autolimitada, idiopática, decorrente da proliferação de histiócitos. Foi descrita pela primeira vez por Rosai e Dorfman em 1969. Tipicamente, a doença se caracteriza por extensa linfadenopatia cervical, febre, gamopatia monoclonal e leucocitose com neutrofilia. Manifestações extranodais são encontradas em 43% dos casos, sendo a pele o sítio extranodal mais comumente afetado. No trabalho, apresentamos um caso de doença de Rosai-Dorfman com apresentação cutânea exuberante na coxa direita e discreto comprometimento linfonodal limitado à cadeia regional.