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1.
Health Place ; 89: 103316, 2024 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39089217

RESUMO

It is widely assumed crime and related concerns, including neighborhood incivilities and fear of crime, are barriers to physical activity (PA). Past studies reveal mixed evidence. Studies of impacts for crime-protective factors are less common but have similarly mixed results. This paper evaluates a comprehensive transdisciplinary conceptual framework of cross-sectional associations between crime-related perceptions and reported minutes/week of recreational walking inside and outside one's home neighborhood. Safe and Fit Environments Study (SAFE) recruited and surveyed 2302 participants from adolescents to older adults from four U.S. metropolitan areas. A zero-inflated model estimated two components of each outcome: whether the respondent walked, and minutes/week walked. Correlates of recreational walking were location-specific, differing based on walking location. Fear of crime, risk evaluation, victimization, and incivilities were not consistently associated with walking for recreation inside one's neighborhood. People with crime concerns about their own neighborhoods, however, more commonly walked for recreation outside their neighborhoods. Protective crime-related perceptions that seldom have been studied in relation to PA, such as street efficacy (i.e., the perceived ability to avoid and manage danger), were strongly associated with recreational walking in both locations, indicating the additional heuristic value of the SAFE conceptual framework. Crime-related perceptions and walking for recreation: Evaluating a conceptual model.


Assuntos
Crime , Recreação , Características de Residência , Caminhada , Humanos , Caminhada/psicologia , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Adolescente , Estudos Transversais , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Percepção , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto Jovem , Estados Unidos , Planejamento Ambiental
2.
J Prim Care Community Health ; 15: 21501319241273167, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39143754

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Escalating street violence and criminal homicides have an adverse impact on psychological well-being. However, these consequences have been difficult to evaluate. Using a recently validated scale, we aimed to assess the impact of fear of crime on the psychological status of middle-aged and older adults living in a rural setting afflicted by endemic violence. METHODS: Participants were selected from Atahualpa residents included in previous studies targeting psychological distress in the population. A validated scale was used to objectively quantify fear of crime in participants. Differences in symptoms of depression and anxiety between baseline and follow-up were used as distinct dependent variables and the continuous score of the fear of crime scale was used as the independent variable. Linear regression models were fitted to assess the association between the exposure and the outcomes, after adjusting for relevant confounders. RESULTS: A total of 653 participants (mean age = 53.2 ± 11.5 years; 57% women) completed the requested tests. We found a 13% increase in symptoms of depression and anxiety during the peak of violence in the village compared with previous years. Linear regression models showed a significant association between the total score on the fear of crime questionnaire and worsening symptoms of depression (ß = .24; 95% CI = 0.14-0.35) and anxiety (ß = .31; 95% CI = 0.24-0.37), after adjustment for relevant confounders. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows a significant aggravating effect of fear of crime on pre-existing symptoms of depression and anxiety and a deleterious effect of these conditions on overall well-being.


Assuntos
Ansiedade , Crime , Depressão , Medo , População Rural , Violência , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Medo/psicologia , Depressão/epidemiologia , Depressão/psicologia , Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Ansiedade/psicologia , Crime/psicologia , Crime/estatística & dados numéricos , Idoso , Violência/psicologia , Adulto , Inquéritos e Questionários , Vida Independente/psicologia , Estudos de Coortes , Modelos Lineares , Bem-Estar Psicológico
3.
Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw ; 27(7): 490-497, 2024 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38666405

RESUMO

Metaverse platforms have gained worldwide popularity in recent years. This increase in popularity has also heightened safety concerns, as virtual sexual assault against children and the youth is on the rise. The issue of sexual abuse in the metaverse is becoming increasingly controversial due to the gaps in the current regulatory framework that result from the uncertain consequences of such virtual crimes. Drawing on an online survey of female users of Zepeto (n = 343), a metaverse social network platform where users interact with others while creating personalized avatars and virtual spaces, this study aims to explore how female users interpret the risk of sexual harassment in Zepeto, examining the triggers of emotional distress and behavioral change that result from such risk assessments by users. It investigates how these interpretations and responses vary depending on their sense of presence and engagement in the virtual environment and identification with their avatars and how all these processes differ between adolescent and adult female users. Overall, this study provides insights into the complex dynamics of virtual victimization. The findings could inform the development of regulatory frameworks that protect users from virtual sexual assault and create a safer environment for all users, especially the youngest generations.


Assuntos
Vítimas de Crime , Medo , Humanos , Feminino , Adolescente , Vítimas de Crime/psicologia , Adulto , Medo/psicologia , Adulto Jovem , Assédio Sexual/psicologia , Assédio Sexual/estatística & dados numéricos , Delitos Sexuais/psicologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
4.
Violence Gend ; 11(1): 35-42, 2024 Mar 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38516062

RESUMO

Fear of crime can influence our view of and experience with the world around us. This can be problematic for individuals seeking physical activity, including from walk commuting. Prior work shows fear is especially evident among women, who report fear of rape and sexual abuse by men as a primary concern. We present the results of a cross-sectional survey (n = 571) where participants were shown images from college campus (n = 4 campuses) depicting different lighting (daytime, nighttime), and entrapment levels (high, low; i.e., able to easily escape if needed, with high entrapment being difficult and low being easy), and using the Qualtrics heat map tool, selected features that stood out to them most. Data were segregated by gender and analyzed to determine similarity of heat maps for the same base image. Heat map images were analyzed using canonical correlation (Rc) to determine the relationship between the two groups; dispersion testing to decipher spatial uniformity within the images; the Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) to characterize the nature of image patterns differences; and, the Breslow-Day Test to specify pattern locations within images. Several heat map images are also presented in the results. Overall, female and male participants appear to "see" different things when imagining walk-commuting (as seen by poor Rc values) and the nature of what they were looking at were different (as seen by poor SSIM values). Female participants tended to focus on areas outside the walking path, such as bushes and dark areas, whereas men's focus was on the path ahead [χ2(1) = 4.29, p = 0.04]. Furthermore, women were more likely to select areas outside the walking path during high entrapment settings [χ2(1) = 15.49, p < 0.001] and at nighttime [χ2(1) = 4.98, p = 0.02]. Our study demonstrates point-of-view differences in female-male walking space assessments. Viewing walking safety through the lens of lived experience could be productive for holistic community walking safety.

5.
Violence Against Women ; : 10778012241234896, 2024 Feb 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38410025

RESUMO

Women's fear has been explained as rooted in fears of sexual assault-a phenomenon known as the shadow of sexual assault hypothesis. The current study extends this hypothesis to examine whether lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender persons' fear of hate crimes is shadowed by fears of sexual assault. Results indicate that bisexual and transgender persons express greater fear of hate crimes relative to others. This fear is explained by their fear of sexual assault-supporting the shadow hypothesis for bisexual and transgender persons. Findings suggest the importance of fear of sexual assault in explaining sexual and gender minorities' fear of hate crimes.

6.
Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol ; : 306624X241228216, 2024 Feb 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38385202

RESUMO

This study aimed to compare fear of terrorism and fear of crime among backpackers and investigate the differences between Israeli and Western backpackers. A cross-sectional questionnaire was administered to 120 Israeli backpackers and 109 backpackers from Western countries. Findings showed no significant differences in fear of crime between the groups, with 40% reporting exposure to crime in their home country. Israeli backpackers had higher exposure to terrorism events. While most backpackers did not experience harm during their trip, they reported higher levels of fear of crime while traveling. Israeli backpackers expressed greater fear of terrorism in their home country, while the Western group reported higher fear levels during their trip. These findings suggest the need for safer messaging and the provision of anti-crime and anti-terror information by tourism industry stakeholders and government agencies. Further research is required, particularly in understanding the impact of terrorism on travelers from diverse backgrounds.

7.
J Interpers Violence ; 39(7-8): 1519-1542, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37902452

RESUMO

Levels of fear of crime are high in the United States, though they differ across groups. Researchers have identified characteristics associated with high levels of fear of crime, often noting that those most fearful also have vulnerabilities that increase their risk of experiencing victimization. Thus, having a vulnerability and experiencing victimization may exacerbate fear of crime. One such characteristic that may impact fear of crime is having a disability. The current study uses data from the American College Health Association's National College Health Assessment Spring 2021 survey to investigate how disability interacts with victimization to impact fear of crime among college students. To do so, assessments of personal safety in multiple contexts are used: at night, during the day, on campus, and in the community. Results show that disability increases the odds of feeling unsafe across contexts, as does having a history of victimization. Nonetheless, disability does not significantly interact with victimization. It may be that having a disability is such a strong risk factor for feeling unsafe that being a victim does not significantly further increase this assessment. Institutions of higher learning should use their offices of accommodation as well as victim services to assist students in reducing their feelings of being unsafe.


Assuntos
Bullying , Vítimas de Crime , Humanos , Estados Unidos , Crime , Estudantes , Medo , Universidades
8.
Behav Sci (Basel) ; 13(11)2023 Nov 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37998656

RESUMO

Sleep problems in middle-aged and older people can threaten their physical and mental health. Family support is regarded as a key factor that affects sleep quality, but the influence mechanism remains underexplored. This study analyzes the mediating effects of fear of crime (FOC) and loneliness in the relationship between family support and sleep quality, and explores whether gender plays a moderating role between family support and FOC. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 1043 Chinese middle-aged and older people aged 45-93 years. Using 10,000 bootstrapped samples, the study shows that middle-aged and older people who receive more family support have better sleep quality, and FOC and loneliness play mediating role in this association. Gender moderates the relationship between family support and FOC. Compared with men, family support for females has a greater impact on their FOC condition, and the mediating effect of family support on sleep quality through FOC is also greater among women. Family support can affect sleep quality through the chain mediating effect of FOC and loneliness for women. This study provides an in-depth understanding of the relationship between family support and sleep quality.

9.
Soc Sci Med ; 336: 116288, 2023 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37783156

RESUMO

RATIONALE: Gun sales spike after mass shooting incidents. As firearm presence is associated with numerous health and safety risks, it is imperative to understand what catalyzes gun ownership. Despite evidence that Americans' fear of mass shootings is increasing at a pace that exceeds their likelihood of victimization, the relationship between fear of mass shootings and gun ownership has received minimal attention. OBJECTIVE: The current study examines group differences in fear of mass shootings and openness to gun ownership. Specifically, it is hypothesized that (1) fear of mass shootings will increase openness to future firearm ownership among non-owners, (2) gun owners will be more afraid of mass shootings than non-owners, and (3) protective owners will be more afraid than non-protective owners. METHODS: This paper uses Wave 26 of Pew Research Center's nationally representative American Trends Panel (n = 1968). RESULTS: Binary logistic regression analyses indicate that among non-gun-owners, fear of mass shootings decreases openness to ownership. Ordinal logistic regression analyses indicate that while fear of mass shootings does not differ between gun owners and non-owners, protective gun owners are more afraid than non-protective owners. CONCLUSIONS: Combined with prior research, these findings suggest that protective gun owners, non-protective gun owners, and non-owners have distinct views of the relationship between guns and mass shootings and are motivated to acquire firearms by different processes. Additional longitudinal work is needed to confirm these findings and clarify the role of causal attributions.


Assuntos
Vítimas de Crime , Armas de Fogo , Humanos , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Propriedade , Medo , Percepção Social
10.
J Interpers Violence ; 38(23-24): 12135-12160, 2023 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37599435

RESUMO

This study examined the relationship between disability status and perceived threat of hate crimes. Building on existing conceptual frameworks, first we differentiated between dysfunctional perceived threat that damages quality of life and functional perceived threat that has the capacity to be motivational and precautionary. We then examined how disability status predicts individuals' threat memberships across dysfunctional and functional perceived threats of hate crimes. Results-based on a survey of 1,824 adults recruited from Amazon's Mechanical Turk-indicate that persons with a disability are more likely than those without a disability to exhibit dysfunctional perceived threat (vs. functional or no perceived threat) of hate crime across different bias motivations. This relationship was evident even when accounting for those most at risk for each type of hate crime (e.g., persons of color for anti-race/ethnicity hate crime). Further, persons with cognitive and physical disabilities were associated with higher odds of dysfunctional perceived threat of all types of hate crimes when compared to persons without a disability. Overall, the present study highlights that persons with a disability may experience exacerbated consequences of subjective threat of hate crimes. Findings also suggest the importance of an intersectional approach to hate crime by considering how disability may intersect with other forms of oppression in relation to perceived threat of hate crime. Implications and future directions, especially as they relate to measurement, are discussed.


Assuntos
Vítimas de Crime , Transtornos Mentais , Adulto , Humanos , Ódio , Vítimas de Crime/psicologia , Qualidade de Vida , Crime/psicologia
11.
Eur J Crim Pol Res ; : 1-17, 2023 May 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37361422

RESUMO

This study examines the assumption that aspects of fear of crime (fear of rape and sense of insecurity) predict fear of terrorism. The online survey included 754 Israeli respondents, who answered questions about their demographic characteristics, fear of terrorism, fear of crime indicators (fear of rape and sense of insecurity), locus of control (LOC; internal and external), and coping strategies. The findings indicate that for women, higher belief in chance and fate, and powerful others (external LOC), higher sense of insecurity, and higher fear of rape were related to a higher fear of terrorism. For men, higher belief in chance and fate (external LOC), higher sense of insecurity, and higher fear of rape were related to a higher fear of terrorism. Furthermore, the effect of fear of rape on fear of terrorism was mediated by sense of insecurity. Our findings support the assumption that fear of crime shadows and affects fear of terrorism for men as well as women. Therefore, fear of rape should be addressed as a significant issue for both genders.

12.
Epidemiologia (Basel) ; 4(2): 148-162, 2023 Apr 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37218875

RESUMO

Fear of crime is an important public health problem that impacts people's quality of life, health, and wellbeing, and causes mental health ailments (e.g., anxiety). This study aimed to determine whether there was an association between fear of crime, educational attainment, and self-rated health and anxiety among women residing in a county in east-central Sweden. A sample (n = 3002) of women aged 18-84 years surveyed in the Health on Equal Terms survey carried out in 2018 was included in the study. Bivariate and multivariate regression analysis was performed on the relationship between the composite variables fear of crime, educational attainment, and self-rated health and anxiety. Women with primary education or similar who reported fear of crime had increased odds of poor health (odds ratio (OR) 3.17; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.40-4.18) compared with women with primary education/similar and no fear of crime (OR 2.90; CI 1.90-3.20). A statistically significant relationship persisted in the multivariate analysis after controlling for other covariates, although the odds were reduced (OR 1.70; CI 1.14-2.53 and 1.73; CI 1.21-2.48, respectively). Similarly, in the bivariate analysis, women who reported fear of crime and who only had primary education had statistically significant odds of anxiety (OR 2.12; CI 1.64-2.74); the significance was removed, and the odds were reduced (OR 1.30; CI 0.93-1.82) after adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, and health-related covariates. Women with only primary education or similar who reported fear of crime had higher odds of poor health and anxiety compared with those with university education or similar, with and without fear of crime. Future studies (including longitudinal ones) are warranted-on the one hand, to understand possible mechanisms of the relationship between educational attainment and fear of crime and its consequences to health, and on the other, to explore low-educated women's own perceptions regarding factors underlining their fear of crime (qualitative studies).

13.
Aging Ment Health ; 27(8): 1636-1643, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36849364

RESUMO

Objectives: Feeling safe in the daily environment is important in late life. However, research on configuration of vulnerability factors for perceived unsafety in older adults is scarce. The current study aimed to identify latent subgroups of older adults based on their vulnerability for perceived unsafety.Method: We analyzed the data from a cross-sectional survey of residents in senior apartments in a mid-sized Swedish municipality (N = 622).Results: The results of the latent profile analysis based on frailty, fear of falling, social support, perceived neighborhood problems, and trust in others in the neighborhood indicated the presence of three profiles. These profiles were labelled as compromised body and social networks (7.2%), compromised context (17.9%) and non-vulnerable (74.9%). Profile membership was statistically predicted by age, gender, and family status and profiles differed in perceived unsafety, anxiety and life satisfaction.Conclusion: Overall, the study findings suggested the existence of latent subgroups of older people based on patterns of vulnerability.


Assuntos
Acidentes por Quedas , Medo , Humanos , Idoso , Estudos Transversais , Características de Residência , Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Satisfação Pessoal
14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36141449

RESUMO

Although neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage is negatively related to overall physical activity, prior studies reveal a complex relationship between disadvantage and particular walking behaviors. While disadvantage is associated with reduced recreational walking through a hypothesized "fear-of-crime" mechanism, the built environment in disadvantaged neighborhoods may encourage utilitarian walking. To date, no study has assessed how disadvantage relates to dog walking, a distinct walking behavior that is neither strictly recreational nor utilitarian but represents a key mechanism through which pet ownership may affect human health. We employ a large (n = 19,732) dataset from the Dog Aging Project to understand how neighborhood disadvantage is associated with dog walking when controlling for individual-, household-, and environmental-level factors. We find that dog owners in more disadvantaged neighborhoods report less on-leash walking activity compared to owners in advantaged neighborhoods and discuss the possibility of a fear-of-crime mechanism underlying this association. These findings improve our understanding of the relationship between neighborhood disadvantage and physical function and highlight the need for public health interventions that encourage dog ownership to consider neighborhood disadvantage.


Assuntos
Características da Vizinhança , Caminhada , Envelhecimento , Animais , Crime , Cães , Humanos , Características de Residência
15.
Violence Vict ; 37(4): 441-458, 2022 08 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35896329

RESUMO

Guns are present in many households in the U.S., including those with children. Safe storage of guns at home can mitigate the increased risks of both the unintentional and intentional injury that in-home gun access presents; yet estimates suggest fewer than half of gun owners store their weapon(s) safely. Unsafe storage in homes with children is especially problematic given that gun-owning parents make incorrect assumptions about both children's awareness of firearm storage locations, and their actions upon encountering an unsecured gun. There is limited identification and understanding of why some parents do not engage in safe storage practices. Using 2019 survey data from an internet-based sample of gun-owning adults with children at home, this study explores various potential correlates of unsafe storage. Findings suggest that unsafe storage occurs not in response to crime/victimization fears, but from broader, group- and status-based threats. Understanding the complex factors preventing gun-owning parents from implementing safe storage practices has important implications for both victimization scholarship and public health/injury prevention efforts.


Assuntos
Armas de Fogo , Adulto , Criança , Características da Família , Medo , Humanos , Pais , Inquéritos e Questionários
16.
Violence Vict ; 37(3): 381-395, 2022 06 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35654485

RESUMO

Although fear of crime is an important issue for international students in a host country, this issue has not been explored in Turkey. The current study aims to fill this gap with data from a sample of 377 international students from a large urban university in Istanbul. The current study applies the incivilities thesis to fear of crime by including individual-level variables, perceived safety, and the perceived crime problem in Istanbul. The structural equation model (SEM) results show that social and physical incivilities do not mediate the relationship between international students' demographic characteristics and fear of crime. The findings indicate that gender is one of the important variables shaping internationals students' fear of crime and the perceived crime problem in Istanbul. By highlighting the importance of investigating international students' fear of crime, the study has important implications for stakeholders in host societies.


Assuntos
Crime , Estudantes , Medo , Humanos , Turquia , Universidades
17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35162252

RESUMO

While the majority of studies on the fear of crime focus on the impact of violent and property crimes at the population level, financial fraud against senior citizens is often under-investigated. This study uses data collected from 1061 older citizens in the community through a cross-sectional survey in Hong Kong to examine the levels of fear and perceived risk among Chinese senior citizens toward financial fraud and the factors behind them. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the explanatory power of four theoretical perspectives (vulnerability, victimization, social integration, and satisfaction with police) on fear and perceived risk of fraud victimization. The results indicate significant predictive effects of victimization experience and satisfaction with police fairness and integrity on both the fear and the perceived risk of fraud among respondents. The findings not only confirm the differential impact of theoretical explanations on these constructs but can also contribute to crime prevention policy and practice in an aging society.


Assuntos
Vítimas de Crime , Idoso , Crime , Estudos Transversais , Medo , Fraude , Hong Kong , Humanos
18.
J Crime Justice ; 45(4): 484-505, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36778103

RESUMO

Given notable recent spikes in gun purchases in the U.S., we revisit the 'fear and loathing' hypothesis of firearm demand by (1) establishing how crime/victimization fears are shaped by broader economic, cultural, and racial status anxieties (those emerging from group status threats [loathing]) and (2) illustrating how both fear and loathing matter for protective gun ownership and gun carry (among owners), and openness to future protective ownership among non-owners. Using data from a nationwide survey of adults in the U.S. (n = 2,262) collected in 2019, we find that fears of crime and victimization are often more strongly associated with status anxieties than with safety threats. Both status anxieties and victimization are associated with protective ownership and carry. Among non-owners, those higher in cultural anxiety are especially likely to be open toward future protective gun ownership. This study illustrates the multidimensional fear-guns link, wherein both status-related threats and victimization-related fears shape why individuals own guns, and how they use guns.

19.
Gerontologist ; 62(6): 900-910, 2022 07 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34698842

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: An increasing number of older adults are aging in place in public housing. Public housing is perceived to have higher rates of crime that have detrimental impacts on health and well-being. We used a qualitative approach to understand the experiences of safety and unsafety for older adults in public housing. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Participants included older adult tenants (n = 58) as well as service providers (n = 58) who offer supports directly in the buildings. Semistructured qualitative interviews and focus groups were used to explore (a) what makes the buildings feel unsafe, (b) how safety concerns affect access to support services, and (c) strategies used to promote safety. RESULTS: Participants acknowledged the importance of safety for creating a home-like environment; however, many described feeling unsafe at home or work. Participants described extreme examples of antisocial behaviors that were pervasive and viewed as commonplace. Lack of building security was a key issue, which was compounded by a perceived lack of accountability. While service providers were willing to accept a certain level of risk, many acknowledged that unsafe situations forced them to withdraw in-home services or stop community programs, further contributing to feelings of unsafety. In the absence of effective formal security, participants described several measures taken to mitigate risk. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS: Our findings point to the need for enhanced physical and environmental safety infrastructure, improved building management, increased on-site security, as well as other proactive measures to reduce risk by creating a greater sense of connection and community within the buildings.


Assuntos
Vida Independente , Habitação Popular , Idoso , Crime , Habitação , Humanos , Gestão da Segurança
20.
J Community Psychol ; 50(2): 965-982, 2022 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34432305

RESUMO

This article examines the impact of collective efficacy on perceptions of crime-related insecurity at three different levels: (1) the home; (2) the neighborhood; and (3) neighborhood future. In contrast to previous research, this analysis reconceptualizes collective efficacy by adopting an action orientation that allows for the analysis of collective efficacy as a neighborhood mobilization process referred to as actualized collective efficacy. Nation-wide survey data from Mexico was utilized to develop three different hierarchical models for each of the three levels of insecurity. Results demonstrated that different indicators of actualized collective efficacy have distinct impacts on the different levels of perception of insecurity. Specifically, demonstrated neighborhood capacity to address civil concerns reduced perceptions of neighborhood insecurity while demonstrated capacity targeting criminal concerns improved perceptions of a neighborhood's future as it relates to crime. However, no effects were detected for perceptions of insecurity within the home.


Assuntos
Crime , Características de Residência , Humanos , México
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