Capacitive pressure sensors based on microstructured polymer-derived SiCN ceramics for high-temperature applications.

Traditional silicon-based pressure sensors cannot meet demand of pressure information acquisition in high-temperature extreme environments due to their low sensitivity, limited detection temperature and complex processing. Herein, a capacitive pressure sensor is fabricated using polymer-derived SiCN ceramics with convex microstructures via a sample replication strategy. Its performance is measured at different pressures (0-800 kPa) from room temperature to 500 °C. The results show that the SiCN ceramic capacitive pressure sensor exhibits low hysteresis, good non-linearity of 0.26 %, outstanding repeatability and high sensitivity of 0.197 pF/MPa under room temperature. When the test temperature reaches 500 °C, the performance of the prepared capacitive pressure sensor has no degradation, keeping competent sensitivity of 0.214 pF/MPa and nonlinear error of 0.24 %. Therefore, benefitting from the preeminent high-temperature properties, e.g., excellent oxidation/corrosion resistance and thermal stability, SiCN ceramics capacitive pressure sensors have great potential in the application of high-temperature and harsh environments.

Soybean gene GmMLP34 regulates Arabidopsis negative response to high temperature stress.

The functions of major latex proteins (MLPs) in plant defense and stress responses have been widely documented; however, their roles in HT stress response in soybeans have not been elucidated. This study investigated the role of GmMLP34, a member of the major latex protein (MLP) family, in the response of soybeans to HT stress. Transcriptome analysis of HT-resistant (JD21) and HT-sensitive (HD14) soybean leaves under HT stress (43.40 ± 1.70 °C) and field conditions revealed differential expression of GmMLP34. Further examination across different HT-resistant varieties showed that GmMLP34 was down-regulated in the leaves of 6 HT-resistant varieties (85.7 %) and up-regulated in the leaves of 6 HT-sensitive varieties (85.7 %) under the HT treatment (45 °C for 3 h). The results of this study indicate that ectopic expression of the GmMLP34 gene in Arabidopsis led to a significant decrease in the survival rate of seedling when compared to the wild type (WT) under HT stress conditions of 37/28 °C (day/night) for 5 d, Moreover, the results indicated a significant decrease in primary root length and lateral root number under 45 °C/3 h HT stress followed by 12 h room temperature recovery. Additionally, the levels of abscisic acid (ABA), and flavonoids, and the activity of the peroxidase (POD) enzyme in the antioxidant system was decreased, while the activity of the superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme increased in GmMLP34-overexpressing transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. The expression levels of the HT-response genes AtCHS1 and AtCHI2-A, were significantly down-regulated, whereas that of AtGBP1 was significantly up-regulated. These results suggest that GmMLP34 negatively regulates the response of Arabidopsis thaliana to HT stress by modulating flavonoid synthesis, hormone synthesis, and the antioxidant enzyme system. These findings provide theoretical information for the genetic improvement of HT tolerance in soybean and contribute to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying plant responses to abiotic stress.

How Do the Four Core Factors of High Entropy Affect the Electrochemical Properties of Energy-Storage Materials?

High-entropy materials (HEMs) are extremely popular for electrochemical energy storage nowadays. However, the detailed effects of four core factors of high entropy on the electrochemical properties of HEMs are still unclear. Here, a high-entropy La1/4Ce1/4Pr1/4Nd1/4Nb3O9 (HE-LaNb3O9) oxide is prepared through multiple rare-metal-ion substitution in LaNb3O9, and uses HE-LaNb3O9 as a model material to systematically study the effects of the four core factors of high entropy on electrochemical energy-storage materials. The high-entropy effect lowers the calcination temperature for obtaining pure HE-LaNb3O9. The lattice distortion in HE-LaNb3O9 leads to its decreased unit-cell-volume variations, which benefits its cyclability. Based on the restrained diffusion arising from the lattice distortion, the Li+ diffusivity of HE-LaNb3O9 at room temperature (25 °C) is limited, which causes its lowered rate capability. However, the Li+ diffusivity of HE-LaNb3O9 at high temperature (60 °C) becomes faster than that of LaNb3O9, which is attributed to the alleviated lattice distortion at the high-temperature, resulting in higher rate capability. The cocktail effects in HE-LaNb3O9 enable its larger electronic conductivity, better electrochemical activity, more intensive Nb5+ ↔ Nb3+ redox reaction, and larger reversible capacity. The insight gained here can provide a guide for the rational design of new HEMs with good energy-storage properties.

Remodeling of the extracellular matrix by serine proteases as a prerequisite for cancer initiation and progression.

The extracellular matrix (ECM) serves as a physical scaffold for tissues that is composed of structural proteins such as laminins, collagens, proteoglycans and fibronectin, forming a three dimensional network, and a wide variety of other matrix proteins with ECM-remodeling and signaling functions. The activity of ECM-associated signaling proteins is tightly regulated. Thus, the ECM serves as a reservoir for water and growth regulatory signals. The ECM architecture is dynamically modulated by multiple serine proteases that process both structural and signaling proteins to regulate physiological processes such as organogenesis and tissue homeostasis but they also contribute to pathological events, especially cancer progression. Here, we review the current literature regarding the role of ECM remodeling by serine proteases (KLKs, uPA, furin, HtrAs, granzymes, matriptase, hepsin) in tumorigenesis.

Synergy of Nanocrystallinity, Temperature, and "the Third Element Effect" for Uncommon Oxidation Resistance of Fe-Cr-Al Alloys.

Nanocrystalline structure, oxidation temperature, and "The Third Element Effect" are among the factors that can profoundly govern the characteristics of the oxide scales that develop on oxidation-resistant alloys, thereby, their synergistic effect can considerably influence alloys' oxidation kinetics. As a result of the synergy, certain iron-chromium-aluminium (Fe-Cr-Al) alloy showed superior oxidation resistance at 800 °C than at 700 °C (whereas oxidation resistance commonly decreases with the increase in temperature). The superior resistance at higher temperatures is considerably enhanced when the structure of the alloy is nanocrystalline vis-à-vis the common microcrystalline structure. Nanocrystalline alloy oxidizes at a negligible rate (c.f., its microcrystalline counterpart). The characterization of the oxide scale demonstrates that the oxidation temperature governs the formation of the protective oxide scale with/without the assistance of the "Third element Effect". The findings may potentially have considerable commercial implications.

Defect Engineering with Rational Dopants Modulation for High-Temperature Energy Harvesting in Lead-Free Piezoceramics.

High temperature piezoelectric energy harvester (HT-PEH) is an important solution to replace chemical battery to achieve independent power supply of HT wireless sensors. However, simultaneously excellent performances, including high figure of merit (FOM), insulation resistivity (ρ) and depolarization temperature (Td) are indispensable but hard to achieve in lead-free piezoceramics, especially operating at 250 °C has not been reported before. Herein, well-balanced performances are achieved in BiFeO3-BaTiO3 ceramics via innovative defect engineering with respect to delicate manganese doping. Due to the synergistic effect of enhancing electrostrictive coefficient by polarization configuration optimization, regulating iron ion oxidation state by high valence manganese ion and stabilizing domain orientation by defect dipole, comprehensive excellent electrical performances (Td = 340 °C, ρ250 °C > 107 Ω cm and FOM250 °C = 4905 × 10-15 m2 N-1) are realized at the solid solubility limit of manganese ions. The HT-PEHs assembled using the rationally designed piezoceramic can allow for fast charging of commercial electrolytic capacitor at 250 °C with high energy conversion efficiency (η = 11.43%). These characteristics demonstrate that defect engineering tailored BF-BT can satisfy high-end HT-PEHs requirements, paving a new way in developing self-powered wireless sensors working in HT environments.

Recent advances toward chromium oxidation and reduction reaction mechanisms during thermal treatment of solid waste: A critical review.

Chromium is widely presented in industrial solid wastes like tannery sludge, electroplating sludge and metallurgical slag. These industrial solid wastes usually undergo thermal treatment process to reduce volume and toxicity. However, a significant amount of low-toxicity and low-mobility Cr(III) is determined to be oxidized to highly-toxic and highly-mobile Cr(VI) at high temperature, posing a greater threat to humans and the ecological environment. This paper summarizes the forms of Cr in solid wastes containing Cr, redox reactions mechanisms for different Cr forms, and methods to inhibit Cr(VI) formation during thermal treatment process. The Cr(III) compounds in solid waste containing Cr mainly include Cr(III) hydrates, Cr(III) oxides, Cr(III) hosting spinels and Organic-Cr(III). Cr(III) hydrates are usually oxidized at temperatures above 100 °C, even without the induction of alkali and alkaline earth metals. Compared to the direct reaction of Cr(III) oxides and spinels with O2, Cr(III) can be induced to oxidize at lower temperatures by alkali and alkaline earth metals. A large amount of Cr(III) is oxidized usually at 600-900 °C. Organic-Cr is generally pyrolyzed to CrO3(g), CrO2Cl(g) and Cr2O3(s) at high temperature. CrO2Cl(g) can be released directly into the atmosphere with CrO3(g), or captured by CaO to form CaCrO4. The reduction of Cr(VI) at high temperatures includes the decomposition of unstable Cr(VI) compounds driven solely by temperature, as well as reduction facilitated by acidic oxides. The reduction of Cr(VI) at high temperatures involves the decomposition of unstable Cr(VI) compounds, driven solely by temperature, as well as reduction facilitated by acidic oxides. Typical unstable Cr(VI) compounds include CrO3 and CaCrO4, which begin to decompose at temperatures above 270 °C and 1000 °C, respectively. Cr(III) oxidation and Cr(VI) reduction at high temperature are strongly dependent on the system basicity and the temperature. Subsequently, reducing oxygen content in atmosphere and the system basicity by adding common acidic oxides such as silicon dioxide, phosphate and sulfates exhibited a significant effect on inhibiting Cr(VI) formation during heating solid waste containing Cr. However, Cr oxidation and reduction mechanisms at molecular level have not yet been explored, and more effective measures to inhibit Cr(III) oxidation during thermal treatment of solid waste also should be developed in further works.

Exogenous Salicylic Acid Regulates Fruiting Body Development, Secondary Metabolite Accumulation, Cell Wall Integrity, and Endogenous Salicylic Acid Content under Heat Stress in Pleurotus ostreatus.

High-temperature or heat stress (HS) represents a significant environmental challenge that adversely affects crop growth and poses a substantial threat to agricultural production. Pleurotus ostreatus, recognized as the second most widely cultivated edible fungus worldwide, is particularly susceptible to the detrimental effects of HS. Enhancing the HS resistance of P. ostreatus is crucial for increasing its yield. In a prior investigation, we discovered that salicylic acid (SA) enhanced the resistance of P. ostreatus mycelia to HS through a metabolic rearrangement. The present study further investigated the effects of SA on P. ostreatus under HS. Cultivation experiments revealed that exogenous SA improved the mycelium recovery growth rate, yield, and fruiting body quality after HS. Further experiments revealed that exogenous SA mitigated the damage to the MAPK-Slt2 signal produced by HS while maintaining cell wall integrity. Furthermore, we hypothesized that the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase pathway might serve as a source for SA. In this context, we identified two salicylic hydroxylases, Po1102164 and Po1104438. Both HS and exogenous SA were found to elevate intracellular SA levels, thereby enhancing the resistance of P. ostreatus to HS.

A high temperature-resistant, strong, and self-healing double-network hydrogel for profile control in oil recovery.

Hydrogels are widely used in profile control to plug high-permeability zones in oil recovery. In this study, a novel double-network (DN) hydrogel is developed for profile control. The two networks of the prepared hydrogel are polyacrylamide (PAAm) crosslinked by N,N'-Methylenebisacrylamide (MBAA) and konjac glucomannan (KGM) crosslinked by borax (B), respectively. The two networks are interconnected by their interpenetrating structures and hydrogen bonds. Based on the results of a series of evaluation experiments, the AAm/KGM DN hydrogels developed in this study exhibit a strong mechanical strength with their fracture stresses exceeding 0.137 MPa. Meanwhile, the AAm/KGM DN hydrogels can remain thermally stable after being heated at 130 °C for 24 h, indicating the good high-temperature resistance of the new sample. Moreover, the prepared AAm/KGM DN hydrogels present excellent self-healing performance due to the abundant hydrogen bonds in their structures, which helps form stable and long-term plugging in porous media. In addition, the pure PAAm hydrogel and the AAm/KGM DN hydrogel are sheared into two dispersed particle gel (DPG) suspensions to investigate their plugging performances. The results demonstrate that the AAm/KGM DN DPG can effectively plug a high-permeability sandpack with a plugging efficiency of 93.2 %, while the pure AAm DPG can only provide a much lower plugging efficiency of 60.5 %. The AAm/KGM DN hydrogel developed in this study, with its high mechanical strength, high-temperature resistance, and self-healing capability, offers a promising new candidate for profile control in oil recovery.

The Synthesis of Needle-Like Monocrystalline Diamonds with a High Aspect Ratio up to 14.

Diamond exhibits nontrivial hardness and abrasion, ultra-high thermal conductivity, and light transmission over a wide wavelength range. All these properties are anisotropic. There is considerable literature on the synthesis of large-sized monocrystalline diamonds but the synthesis of highly oriented monocrystalline diamonds is limited. Here, [100] oriented monocrystalline needle-like diamonds are successfully synthesized with an aspect ratio of up to 14 by controlling the temperature gradient and carbon concentration gradient using FeCo alloy as the catalyst at ≈5.8 GPa and 1473 K. The distinctive morphology and microstructure of needle-like diamonds are characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Focused Ion Beam-Transmission Electron Microscopy. A four-stage growth model is established to elucidate the growth mechanism along the [100], which sheds light on the synthesis of diamonds with predetermines crystal orientations. Increasing the aspect ratio of needle-like diamonds further may enable the development of diamond fibers and assist in the fabrication of laser diamonds with specific orientation requirements.

Effects of High-Temperature Stress on Biological Characteristics of Coccophagus japonicus Compere.

The parasitoid, Coccophagus japonicus Compere (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) is a dominant natural enemy of Parasaissetia nigra Nietner (Hemiptera: Coccidae), an important pest of rubber trees. Much of Chinese rubber is cultivated in hotter regions such as Yunnan and Hainan, exposing applied parasitoids to non-optimal temperatures. Therefore, C. japonicus must adapt to avoid temperature-related impacts on survival and population expansion. In this study, we monitored the survival rate, developmental duration, parasitism rate, and fecundity of C. japonicus during short-term exposures to 36 °C, 38 °C, and 40 °C for 2, 4, and 6 h, as well as continuous exposures to 32 °C and 34 °C for 3 days. The results show that short-term exposure to high-temperature stress leads to decreased survival rate of C. japonicus larvae and pupae, with survival rates declining as temperature and duration increase. High-temperature stress also delayed insect development, reduced mature egg production, shortened the body length of newly emerged females, and decreased female lifespans. Moreover, continuous high-temperature stress was found to significantly impact the development and reproduction of C. japonicus. Compared with the CK (27 °C), 3 d of continuous exposure to 34 °C prolonged developmental duration, shortened the body length and lifespan of newly emerged females, reduced survival rate and single female fecundity, and significantly decreased offspring numbers and parasitism rates. Temperatures of 36 °C, 38 °C, and 40 °C decreased the mortality time of adult females to 28.78, 16.04, and 7.91 h, respectively. Adverse temperatures also affected the insects' functional response, with 8 h of stress at 36 °C, 38 °C, and 40 °C causing the control efficiency of C. japonicus on P. nigra. This level of stress in the parasitoids was found to reduce the immediate attack rate and search effect, prolong processing time, and attenuate interference between small prey. Parasitoid efficiency was lowest following exposure to 40 °C. In this study, we determined the range of high temperatures that C. japonicus populations can tolerate under short- or long-term stress, providing guidance for future field applications.

Customized Preparation of Heat-Resistant Fully Flexible Sensors Based on Coaxial 3D Printing.

The conventional behavior recognition strategy for wearable sensors used in high-temperature environments typically requires an external power supply, and the manufacturing process is cumbersome. Herein, we present a rational design strategy based on fully flexible printable materials and a customized device-manufacturing process for skin-conformable triboelectric nanogenerator sensors. In detail, using high temperature-resistant ink and 3D printing technology to manufacture a coaxial triboelectric nanogenerator (C-TENG) sensor, the C-TENG exhibits high stretchability (>400%), a wide working range (>250 °C), and high output voltage (>100 V). The C-TENG can be worn on various parts of the human body, providing a robust skin-device interface that recognizes diverse human behaviors. Using machine learning algorithms, behaviors such as walking, running, sitting, squatting, climbing stairs, and falling can be identified, achieving 100% behavior recognition accuracy through the selective input and optimization of an appropriate dataset. This paper provides a research perspective for the customization, extension, and rapid fabrication of heat-resistant, fully flexible TENGs.

Superior Piezoelectric Performance in Textured CaBi2Nb2O9 Ferroelectric Ceramics through Rare-Earth Gadolinium Doping and Spark Plasma Sintering.

High-performance piezoelectric ceramics with excellent thermal stability are crucial for high-temperature piezoelectric sensor applications. However, conventional fabrication processes offer limited enhancements in piezoelectric performance. In this study, we achieved a significant breakthrough in the piezoelectric performance of highly textured CaBi2Nb2O9 (CBN) ceramics by incorporating rare-earth gadolinium doping and utilizing spark plasma sintering. The resulting Ca0.97Gd0.03Bi2Nb2O9 (CBN-3Gd) ceramics exhibited superior piezoelectric properties, with a high piezoelectric constant d33 of 26 pC/N and a high Curie temperature TC of 946 °C. We employed piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) to observe the morphology and dimensions of the ferroelectric domains, revealing a rod-shaped 3D domain configuration. This configuration facilitated polarization rotation in the textured ceramics, as analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and polarization-electric field (P-E) hysteresis loops. Furthermore, the textured CBN-3Gd ceramics demonstrated exceptional thermal stability and reliability. The piezoelectric constant d33 decreased by only 11.8% over a temperature range of room temperature to 500 °C, and the DC electrical resistivity remained at 6.7 × 105 Ω cm at 600 °C. This work not only highlights the great potential of textured CBN-based ceramics for high-temperature piezoelectric sensors but also provides a viable strategy for enhancing the performance of piezoelectric materials with large aspect ratio micromorphology.

Evaluation of the Na-EDTMP/borax system as a non-dispersing, high temperature retarder for oil well cement.

For well cementing at temperatures above 120 °C, thermal thinning depicts a major problem, promoting particle sedimentation via decreasing slurry viscosities. This is partly caused by dispersing properties of common high temperature retarder systems and can lead to imperfect zonal isolation, endangering the stability of the wellbore. Counteracting additives tend to start losing their effectiveness at temperatures >140 °C. Other options are often not economically sufficient, increase system complexity or show negative interactions with other additives. Hence, this work presents a comprehensive study on the sodium ethylenediamine tetra(methylene phosphonate) (Na-EDTMP)/borax retarder system, which was found to combine sufficient retardation with low thermal thinning, leading to an enhanced slurry stability at high temperatures. Thickening times (TT's) from 7 to 13 h (increasing with temperature) were achieved from atmospheric pressure and 50 °C up to high pressures and temperatures (HP/HT) of 19.0 kpsi and 200 °C bottom hole circulating temperature (BHCT). Furthermore, On/off-cycle HP/HT consistometer tests at 160 and 190 °C and rheological measurements were performed to examine stability of the slurry's viscosity. Experiments with fluid-loss additives show potential compatibility with other additives. Total retarder dosages of 0.97-2.64 % bwoc (by weight of cement) were applied. Compared to prior literature, higher Na-EDTMP/borax ratios (0.29-0.34 vs. 0.055) were found to improve retarding performance probably by enhancing synergetic effects. The slurries featured a sufficient initial viscosity (<40 Bc) and a constant pumpability (10-25 Bc) during the tests followed by a swift setting and compressive strength (CS) development. Additionally, high slurry stability was shown and compatibility with common fluid-loss additives is probable. Main disadvantage was the relatively high sensitivity of the system, especially at moderate temperatures, requiring exact dosage. Summarizing, the Na-EDTMP/borax retarder system might present a low-complexity opportunity for common high temperature retarders, avoiding thermal thinning while improving slurry stability.

High temperatures and traffic accident crimes: Evidence from more than 470,000 offenses in China.

How does climate change affect road safety? This study examines the impacts of high temperatures on the crime of causing traffic casualties based on comprehensive data covering more than 470,000 offenses from verdicts published by Chinese courts. Using 2014-2018 city-level daily panel data, we find that a day with a daily maximum temperature above 100 °F leads to a significant 11.9 % increase in traffic accident crime compared with days with a mild temperature. Heterogeneity analyses reveal that people aged 45 and above, samples on weekdays, and samples in regions with high population densities are more vulnerable to the effects of extreme heat. More importantly, we find no lagged or cumulative effects and little evidence of adaptation. Finally, by using traffic congestion index data, we observe that drivers can engage in avoidance behavior on hot days, suggesting that our estimates may provide a lower bound on the effect of extreme heat on traffic accident crime.

High-temperature stress in strawberry: understanding physiological, biochemical and molecular responses.

MAIN CONCLUSION: Heat stress reduces strawberry growth and fruit quality by impairing photosynthesis, disrupting hormone regulation, and altering mineral nutrition. Multi-omics studies show extensive transcriptional, post-transcriptional, proteomic and metabolomic under high temperatures. Garden strawberry is a globally cultivated, economically important fruit crop highly susceptible to episodic heat waves and chronically rising temperatures associated with climate change. Heat stress negatively affects the growth, development, and quality of strawberries. Elevated temperatures affect photosynthesis, respiration, water balance, hormone signaling, and carbohydrate metabolism in strawberries. Heat stress reduces the size and number of leaves, the number of crowns, the differentiation of flower buds, and the viability of pollen and fruit set, ultimately leading to a lower yield. On a physiological level, heat stress reduces membrane stability, increases the production of reactive oxygen species, and reduces the antioxidant capacity of strawberries. Heat-tolerant varieties have better physiological and biochemical adaptation mechanisms compared to heat-sensitive varieties. Breeding heat-tolerant strawberry cultivars involves selection for traits such as increased leaf temperature, membrane thermostability, and chlorophyll content. Multi-omics studies show extensive transcriptional, post-transcriptional, proteomic, metabolomic, and ionomic reprogramming at high temperatures. Integrative-omics approaches combine multiple omics datasets to obtain a systemic understanding of the responses to heat stress in strawberries. This article summarizes the deciphering of strawberry responses to heat stress using physiological, biochemical, and molecular approaches that will enable the development of resilient adaptation strategies that sustain strawberry production under global climate change.

High-Temperature-Resistant Dual-Scale Ceramic Nanofiber Films toward Improved Air Filtration.

Currently, air pollution primarily arises from industrial emissions, coal combustion, and automobile exhaust, posing significant challenges for mitigation. This highlights the urgent need for advanced and efficient filtration materials with low pressure drop and high-temperature resistance. Traditionally, improving filtration property has involved increasing the thickness of the filtration materials, which consequently leads to higher costs. Here, dual-scale mullite nanofiber (MNF) films containing interwoven thick nanofibers (606 nm) and thin nanofibers (186 nm) are prepared using solution blow spinning. The dual-scale structure design enables the films to maintain a low pressure drop while achieving high filtration efficiency. At an airflow velocity of 5.3 cm s-1, the films with an areal density of 3.8 mg cm-2, achieve a filtration efficiency of 98.23% and a pressure drop of 141 Pa for PM0.3. In addition, the MNF films exhibit excellent flexibility and high-temperature resistance, making them have great potential for use in high-temperature flue gas filtration.

Heat stress causes chromatin accessibility and related gene expression changes in crown tissues of barley (Hordeum vulgare).

Plant responses to stress caused by high temperatures involve changes occurring at the molecular, metabolic, and physiological levels. Understanding the mechanisms by which plants recognize signals to activate this response is a prerequisite for identifying key genes and signaling pathways and for obtaining heat-tolerant plants. We demonstrated the first implementation of an assay for transposase-accessible chromatin to identify open chromatin regions (OCRs) in crown tissues of barley using three genotypes carrying different allelic forms of the sdw1 gene encoding gibberellin 20-oxidase subjected to elevated temperatures. In parallel, we performed gene expression analysis, which allowed us to relate changes in chromatin state to changes in transcriptional activity. The obtained data revealed that the hypersensitive chromatin regions within the genes were more repeatable than those outside the gene intervals. We observed that prolonged exposure to high temperatures increased chromatin accessibility. Genes with OCRs in their regulatory regions were involved in stress signaling and tolerance, including calcium-dependent protein kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK3), receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase (RLK), TIFY domain-containing transcriptional regulator, bZIP transcription factor, and regulatory protein NPR1. The effect of genotype on gene expression was not as pronounced as that of temperature. By combining results from the differential analysis of chromatin accessibility and expression profiles, we identified genes with high temperature-induced changes in chromatin accessibility associated with expression alterations. Importantly, our data revealed a relationship between the loss of chromatin accessibility in response to heat and the downregulation of genes related to gibberellin signaling.

Food Preservation in the Industrial Revolution Epoch: Innovative High Pressure Processing (HPP, HPT) for the 21st-Century Sustainable Society.

The paper presents the 'progressive review' for high pressure preservation/processing (HPP) (cold pasteurization) of foods and the next-generation high-pressure and high temperature (HPHT, HPT) food sterilization technologies. It recalls the basics of HPP and HPT, showing their key features and advantages. It does not repeat detailed results regarding HPP and HPT implementations for specific foods, available in numerous excellent review papers. This report focuses on HPP and HPT-related issues that remain challenging and can hinder further progress. For HPP implementations, the reliable modeling of microorganisms' number decay after different times of high pressure treatment or product storage is essential. This report indicates significant problems with model equations standard nonlinear fitting paradigm and introduces the distortion-sensitive routine enabling the ultimate validation. An innovative concept based on the barocaloric effect is proposed for the new generation of HPT technology. The required high temperature appears only for a strictly defined short time period controlled by the maximal pressure value. Results of the feasibility test using neopentyl glycol as the barocaloric medium are presented. Attention is also paid to feedback interactions between socioeconomic and technological issues in the ongoing Industrial Revolution epoch. It indicates economic constraints for HPP and HPT developments and emerging business possibilities. The discussion recalls the inherent feedback interactions between technological and socioeconomic innovations as the driving force for the Industrial Revolution epoch.

Characterizing the Contribution of Strain Specificity to the Microbiota Structure and Metabolites of Muqu and Fresh High-Temperature Daqu.

In this study, the differences in physicochemical properties, microbial community structure, and metabolic characteristics between various fortified Muqu and their corresponding high-temperature Daqu (HTD) were investigated using multiphase detection methods. The results demonstrated that the physicochemical properties, community structure, dominant bacterial composition, and metabolic components varied significantly among the different types of fortified HTD. The differences between HTDs became more pronounced when fortified HTD was used as Muqu. Compared to HTD, Muqu exhibited a more complex volatile profile, while HTD contained higher levels of characteristic non-volatile components. The cultivable bacteria count in Muqu was significantly higher than that in HTD, while the cultivable fungi count was slightly lower than that in HTD. The fungal profiles in HTD were primarily associated with starch hydrolysis and ethanol synthesis, while bacterial activity was more prominent in Muqu. Additionally, pyrazine synthesis was mainly attributed to fungi in Muqu and bacteria in HTD. Source Tracker analysis indicated that 8.11% of the bacteria and 26.76% of the fungi originated from Muqu. This study provides a theoretical foundation for the controlled production of HTD, contributing to improvements in its quality and consistency.