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1.
Infant Ment Health J ; 44(3): 348-361, 2023 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36938714

RESUMO

Despite high rates of traumatic experiences reported among Hispanic/Latino/a immigrants in the U.S., the effect of post-traumatic stress on parenting stress among Hispanic/Latino/a immigrant parents with young children has been overlooked. The present study tested the direct and indirect relationships of self-reported maternal post-traumatic stress symptoms on parenting stress, and the mediating role of protective factors among Hispanic/Latino/a mothers with young children. Baseline data collected from mothers participating in a community-based child-parent dyadic intervention were analyzed. Measures included the post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Checklist, the Protective Factors Survey, and the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI). The sample included 80 mothers with a child between ages 0-6 years. About 75% of these mothers were migrants from Central America. A multivariate regression analysis showed that maternal post-traumatic stress symptoms predicted higher levels of PSI, and two protective factors (social support and family functioning/resilience) fully mediated the relationship between maternal post-traumatic stress symptoms and PSI. Higher social support and family functioning/resiliency may have protective effects on Hispanic/Latino/a mothers with post-traumatic stress, leading to lower levels of stress related to parenting. Findings underscore the importance of interventions that enhance access to social support and promote family functioning/resilience for Hispanic/Latino/a immigrant mothers with trauma histories to cope better with parenting stress.


A pesar de las altas tasas de experiencias traumáticas entre inmigrantes hispano/latinos/as en Estados Unidos, el efecto del estrés postraumático en la crianza entre progenitores inmigrantes hispano/latinos/as con niños pequeños ha pasado desapercibido. El presente estudio puso a prueba las directas e indirectas relaciones de síntomas de estrés postraumático materno auto reportado sobre el estrés de crianza, así como el papel mediador de factores de protección entre madres hispano/latinas con niños pequeños. Se analizaron los datos de referencia obtenidos de madres participantes en una intervención diádica progenitor-niño con base comunitaria. Entre las medidas se incluyeron la lista de verificación de Trastorno de Estrés Postraumático (PTSD), la Encuesta de Factores de Protección, así como el Formulario Corto del Índice de Estrés de Crianza (PSI). El grupo muestra contaba con 80 madres con un niño entre 0 y 6 años de edad. Cerca del 75% de estas madres eran inmigrantes de América Central. Un análisis de regresión multivariado mostró que los síntomas de estrés postraumático materno predecían más altos niveles de PSI, y dos factores de protección (apoyo social y funcionamiento y resiliencia familiar) completamente mediaron la relación entre los síntomas de estrés postraumático materno y PSI. Un más alto apoyo social y funcionamiento y resiliencia de la familia pudiera tener efectos de protección sobre madres hispanas/latinas con estrés postraumático, llevando a más bajos niveles de estrés relacionado con la crianza. Los resultados resaltan la importancia de mejorar el acceso al apoyo social y promover el funcionamiento y resiliencia de la familia para madres inmigrantes hispanas/latinas con un historial de trauma y así poder arreglárselas mejor con el estrés de crianza.


En dépit de taux élevés d'expériences traumatiques rapportés chez les immigrés hispaniques/latinos et latinas aux Etats-Unis d'Amérique l'effet du stress post-traumatique sur le stress de parentage chez les parents hispaniques/latinos et latinas immigrés avec de jeunes enfants est souvent oublié. Cette étude a testé les relations directes et indirectes des symptômes de stress post-traumatique maternel auto-rapporté sur le stress de parentage et le rôle médiateur de facteurs de protection chez les mères hispaniques/latinas avec de jeunes enfants. Les données de base recueillies de mères participant à une intervention dyadique enfant-parent Communautaire ont été analysées. Les mesures ont inclus la Checklist TSPT, le Sondage de Facteurs Protecteurs (Protective Factors Survey), et le Formulaire Court de l'Index de Stress de Parentage (Parenting Stress Index-Short Form, soit PSI). L'échantillon a inclus 80 mères avec un enfant entre l'âge de 0-6 ans. A peu près 75% de ces mères avaient immigré de l'Amérique Centrale. Une analyse de régression multivariée a montré que les symptômes de stress post-traumatique maternel a prédit des niveaux plus élevés de PSI et seuls deux facteurs protecteurs (le soutien social et le fonctionnement/la résilience familial(e) ont totalement médiatisé la relation entre les symptômes de stress post-traumatique et le PSI. Un soutien social plus élevé et le fonctionnement/la résilience familial(e) peuvent avoir des effets protecteurs sur les mères hispaniques/latinas avec du stress post-traumatique, menant à des niveaux moins élevés de stress lié au parentage. Les résultats soulignent l'importance des interventions qui renforcent l'accès au soutien social et promeuvent le fonctionnement/la résilience familial(e) pour les mères hispaniques/latinas avec un passé de trauma pour mieux faire face au stress de parentage.


Assuntos
Emigrantes e Imigrantes , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos , Feminino , Humanos , Estados Unidos , Pré-Escolar , Poder Familiar , Análise de Mediação , Pais , Mães , Hispânico ou Latino , Apoio Social
3.
Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse ; 48(1): 100-109, 2022 01 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34843425

RESUMO

Background: Hispanic college students experience minority stressors and are therefore at greater risk of experiencing alcohol-related consequences. Resilience may protect against problem drinking and related consequences, yet its relationship to drinking motives remains unexplored. Given that drinking motives precede both alcohol use and its consequences, investigating the role of resilience in such associations may inform interventions to reduce alcohol-related health disparities.Objectives: The current study investigated whether greater resilience predicted fewer drinking motives, lower alcohol consumption, and reduced the negative impact of drinking motives on alcohol consequences among Hispanic college students.Methods: Resilience, drinking motives and alcohol consequences were assessed among 443 students living on the U.S./Mexico border recruited via e-mail (68% female; Mage = 22.6 years, SD = 5.09). Linear regressions assessed whether drinking motives (i.e., coping, conformity, social, enhancement) and resilience predicted alcohol consumption. A linear regression also assessed resilience, drinking motives, and alcohol consumption as potential predictors of alcohol consequences. Lastly, linear regressions tested the moderating effects of resilience between each drinking motive and alcohol consumption as well as alcohol consequences.Results: Greater resilience predicted fewer alcohol-related consequences (ß = -.024, p = .028). Additionally, resilience moderated the relationships social (ß = -.095, p = .050) and enhancement drinking motives (ß = -.084, p = .050) had with alcohol consequences. Higher social and enhancement motives were not associated with alcohol consequences among resilient individuals.Conclusion: Strengthening resilience among Hispanic students whose drinking is motivated by a desire for socialization or mood enhancement may protect against alcohol-related consequences.


Antecedente: Estudiantes universitarios Hispanos pueden presentar condiciones de estrés de minoría y por tanto corren un mayor riesgo de sufrir consecuencias relacionadas con el alcohol. Puede que la resiliencia proteja contra de beber en exceso y consecuencias relacionadas, aún su relación con motivos de beber permanece inexplorada. Dado que motivos para beber preceden el consumo de beber en exceso y sus consecuencias, investigar el rol de resiliencia en estas asocia-ciones puede informar intervenciones para reducir las disparidades de salud relacionadas con el consumo de alcohol. Objetivo: El estudio actual investigo si la resiliencia predecía menos motivos para beber, consumo del alcohol y rebajaba el impacto negativo de los motivos para beber en las consecuencias del alcohol entre los estudiantes universitarios Hispanos. Métodos: Se evaluó la resiliencia, los motivos para beber y las consecuencias del alcohol entre 443 estudiantes universitarios en la frontera entre Estados Unidos y México reclutados por correo electrónico (68% mujeres; Medad = 22.6 años, SD = 5.09). Regresión lineales evaluaron si los motivos para beber (es decir, afrontamiento, aprobación, socialización, mejoramiento) y la resiliencia predecían consumo del alcohol. Una regresión lineal también evaluó la resiliencia, los motivos para beber y consumo del alcohol como posibles predictores de las consecuencias del alcohol. Por último, las regresiones lineales probaron los efectos moderadores de la resiliencia entre cada motivo de beber y el consumo del alcohol, así como las consecuencias del alcohol.


Assuntos
Consumo de Álcool na Faculdade , Adaptação Psicológica , Adulto , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas , Feminino , Hispânico ou Latino , Humanos , Masculino , Motivação , Estudantes , Universidades , Adulto Jovem
4.
Reumatol Clin (Engl Ed) ; 17(10): 601-606, 2021 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34823828

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to investigate the demographic and clinical characteristics of Venezuelan patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) seen in a tertiary hospital. METHODS: Consecutive patients 18 years and older who fulfilled the 2013 ACR/EULAR classification criteria for SSc and who were followed up in the outpatient clinic of the Division of Rheumatology at the Hospital Universitario de Caracas were selected for the study. Demographic and clinical variables were registered at the time of inclusion using a standard protocol. RESULTS: Forty-eight SSc patients were included; 46 (95.8%) were female; the mean age was 55.1±13.7 (mean±SD) years and all were of Hispanic ethnicity. Thirty-one (64.6%) had limited SSc and 17 (35.4%) had diffuse SSc. The mean duration of disease was 13.4±11.7 (mean±SD) years, 16.74±12.99 years for limited SSc and 7.52±5.25 years for diffuse SSc (p=0.0077). Raynaud's phenomenon was the most frequent manifestation (100%), followed by arthritis (68.8%), telangiectasia (60.4%), dyspnea (60.4%), dysphagia (58.3%) and puffy hands (56.3%). The modified Rodnan Skin Score (mRSS) and the frequency of dyspnea were higher in those with diffuse as compared to limited SSc (p=0.0211 and p=0.0003, respectively). We performed high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the lungs in 31 patients; 14 (45.2%) had evidence of interstitial lung disease (ILD), 11 (68.8%) with diffuse SSc (p=0.0052). The most frequent anti-nuclear antibody pattern was nucleolar, accounting for 18 (42.8%) of the cases. Anti-centromere antibodies were present in 16.7% of the cases and were associated with the limited SSc subset (p=0.0443) and with calcinosis (p=0.0020). Anti-topoisomerase antibodies were associated with ILD (p=0.0077). CONCLUSIONS: Typical clinical and serological manifestations were present in this sample of Venezuelan patients with SSc, with an expected distribution according to disease subtype. The autoantibody profile allows clinicians to identify those patients with limited forms of the disease and those without pulmonary involvement.


Assuntos
Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais , Doença de Raynaud , Escleroderma Sistêmico , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Hispânico ou Latino , Humanos , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Escleroderma Sistêmico/epidemiologia , Centros de Atenção Terciária
5.
ARS med. (Santiago, En línea) ; 46(2): 67-73, jun. 10,2021.
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1353417

RESUMO

Introduction: Many Mexican immigrants to the US are medically underserved and have a higher risk for type 2 diabetes; early identifica-tion of risk factors can prompt referrals to lifestyle changes and primary care in this population. We used a cross-sectional study design to assess diabetes risk using an existing community partnership, a public health professional, and a lay health promoter model to identify individuals at high risk for diabetes without imposing tests that are difficult to perform or sustain in a community setting. Materials and Methods: Between January 1st, 2018, and December 31st, 2019, a community-based approach for type 2 diabetes-risk screening was conducted by lay health workers using a standard protocol including an educational component, the FINDRISC questionnaire, and capillary plasma glucose criteria. Basic descriptive statistics were obtained for demographic, lifestyle, and diabetes risk factors. Results:Our team screened 783 adult individuals (444 females and 339 males) for type 2 diabetes risk. 29% of participants (35.6% of females and 20.6% of males) were at high risk of type 2 diabetes because they had FINDRISC scores of 14 or higher. We also identified other risk factors, 79% of females and 86% of males were overweight or obese, and 39% had high blood pressure; consequently, we referred 427 patients to their PCP or a new medical home. Conclusions: The use of a community-based intervention using the FINDRISC type 2 diabetes risk assessment tool is a suitable, easy to perform intervention that can be applied in community settings by community lay health promoters.


Introducción: un gran número de mexicanos que viven en los Estados Unidos están medicamente desatendidos y tienen alto riesgo de desarrollar diabetes. La identificación oportuna de factores de riesgo puede iniciar el proceso de referencia a programas de mejora de estilo de vida y a primer nivel de atención. Presentamos un estudio transversal diseñado para evaluar el riesgo de diabetes utilizando alianzas comunitarias pre-existentes, un profesional en salud pública y un modelo de promotores comunitarios de salud para identificar personas con alto riesgo de diabetes sin usar estudios de laboratorio complejos. Material y métodos: entre enero de 2018 y diciembre de 2019 se aplicó un programa comunitario para detector riesgo de diabetes por miembros de la comunidad utilizando un protocolo estandarizado que incluyo un componente educativo, el cuestionario FINDRISC y criterios de glucosa capilar. Se hicieron estudios esta-disticos basicos en demografia, estilos de vida y factores de riesgo de diabetes. Resultados: 783 personas (444 mujeres y 339 hombres) fueron evaluados para determinar su riesgo de diabetes. 29% de los participantes (35.6% de las mujeres y 20,6% de los hombres) tuvieron un resultado mayor o igual a 14 en la escala FINDRISC lo que indica alto riesgo de desarrollar diabetes. Se identificaron otros factores de riesgo, 79% de las mujeres y 86% de los hombres tenían sobrepeso u obesidad. Se detectó hipertensión en 39% de la muestra. Como consecuencia de esta intervención se refirieron 427 personas a primer nivel de atención. Conclusiones: La detección de individuos de alto riesgo de diabetes a nivel comunitario utilizando la escala FINDRISC por miembros de la comunidad es factible y de fácil aplicación.


Assuntos
Migrantes , Inquéritos e Questionários , Populações Vulneráveis , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Colorado , Diagnóstico , México
6.
Fam Process ; 60(4): 1134-1151, 2021 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33908027

RESUMO

Group parenting programs based on cognitive-behavioral and social learning principles are effective in improving child behavior problems and positive parenting. However, most programs target non-Hispanic, White, English-speaking families and are largely inaccessible to a growing Hispanic and non-White population in the United States. We sought to examine the extent to which researchers have culturally adapted group parenting programs by conducting a systematic review of the literature. We identified 41 articles on 23 distinct culturally adapted programs. Most cultural adaptations focused on language translation and staffing, with less focus on modification of concepts and methods, and on optimizing the fit between the target cultural group and the program goals. Only one of the adapted programs engaged a framework to systematically record and publish the adaptation process. Fewer than half of the culturally adapted programs were rigorously evaluated. Additional investment in cultural adaptation and subsequent evaluation of parenting programs is critical to meet the needs of all US families.


Los programas grupales de crianza basados en principios cognitivo-conductuales y de aprendizaje social son eficaces a la hora de mejorar los problemas de conducta de los niños y la crianza positiva. Sin embargo, la mayoría de los programas están orientados a familias no hispanas, blancas y angloparlantes, y son, en su gran mayoría, inaccesibles para una población hispana y no blanca cada vez mayor de los Estados Unidos. Nos propusimos analizar el grado en el cual los investigadores han adaptado culturalmente los programas grupales de crianza realizando un análisis sistemático de las publicaciones. Identificamos 41 artículos sobre 23 programas diferentes adaptados culturalmente. La mayoría de las adaptaciones culturales se centraron en la traducción a idiomas y la contratación de personal, haciendo menos hincapié en la modificación de conceptos y métodos, y en la optimización de la compatibilidad entre el grupo cultural meta y los objetivos del programa. Solo uno de los programas adaptados incorporó un marco para registrar sistemáticamente y publicar el proceso de adaptación. Menos de la mitad de los programas culturalmente adaptados se evaluaron rigurosamente. Es fundamental que se invierta más en adaptación cultural y en evaluaciones posteriores de los programas de crianza para satisfacer las necesidades de todas las familias de los Estados Unidos.


Assuntos
Poder Familiar , Comportamento Problema , Adaptação Fisiológica , Criança , Hispânico ou Latino , Humanos , Estados Unidos
7.
Fam Process ; 60(4): 1488-1506, 2021 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33438248

RESUMO

Disclosure of sexual identity and/or gender orientation is difficult for youth and is associated with elevated adverse health risks, particularly when there is parental rejection. There are limited studies conducted with Hispanic sexual minority youth (HSMY) and their families to understand the disclosure process, how the family unit changes and adapts following disclosure, and the implications for preventive interventions for HSMY and their families. This paper explores the lived experiences of youth and parents throughout the disclosure process. A phenomenological approach was used to interview 15 parent-youth dyads (N = 30) to understand what it means for Hispanic youth to disclose their sexual identity and/or gender orientation. Three themes that best described the experience emerged from the participant interviews; the experience of disclosing included intrapersonal challenges, navigating disclosure, and conceptualizing acceptance. The authors highlight implications for preventive interventions that can help these families undergoing the unique process of disclosure.


La revelación de la identidad sexual o la orientación de género es difícil para los jóvenes y está asociada con riesgos adversos elevados para la salud, particularmente cuando existe rechazo por parte de los padres. Se han realizado pocos estudios con jóvenes de minorías sexuales hispanas y sus familias para comprender el proceso de revelación, cómo el núcleo familiar cambia y se adapta después de la revelación, y las consecuencias para las intervenciones preventivas orientadas a los jóvenes de minorías sexuales hispanas y sus familias. En este artículo se analizan las experiencias vividas de los jóvenes y sus padres a lo largo del proceso de revelación. Se utilizó un método fenomenológico para entrevistar a 15 díadas de padres y jóvenes (N = 30) a fin de comprender qué significa para los jóvenes hispanos revelar su identidad sexual o su orientación de género. De las entrevistas a los participantes surgieron tres temas que describieron mejor la experiencia; la experiencia de la revelación incluyó desafíos intrapersonales, el paso por la revelación y la conceptualización de la aceptación. Los autores destacan las implicancias para las intervenciones preventivas que pueden ayudar a estas familias a atravesar el proceso único de la revelación.


Assuntos
Minorias Sexuais e de Gênero , Adolescente , Revelação , Identidade de Gênero , Hispânico ou Latino , Humanos , Pais , Comportamento Sexual
8.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33039312

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to investigate the demographic and clinical characteristics of Venezuelan patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) seen in a tertiary hospital. METHODS: Consecutive patients 18 years and older who fulfilled the 2013 ACR/EULAR classification criteria for SSc and who were followed up in the outpatient clinic of the Division of Rheumatology at the Hospital Universitario de Caracas were selected for the study. Demographic and clinical variables were registered at the time of inclusion using a standard protocol. RESULTS: Forty-eight SSc patients were included; 46 (95.8%) were female; the mean age was 55.1±13.7 (mean±SD) years and all were of Hispanic ethnicity. Thirty-one (64.6%) had limited SSc and 17 (35.4%) had diffuse SSc. The mean duration of disease was 13.4±11.7 (mean±SD) years, 16.74±12.99 years for limited SSc and 7.52±5.25 years for diffuse SSc (p=0.0077). Raynaud's phenomenon was the most frequent manifestation (100%), followed by arthritis (68.8%), telangiectasia (60.4%), dyspnea (60.4%), dysphagia (58.3%) and puffy hands (56.3%). The modified Rodnan Skin Score (mRSS) and the frequency of dyspnea were higher in those with diffuse as compared to limited SSc (p=0.0211 and p=0.0003, respectively). We performed high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the lungs in 31 patients; 14 (45.2%) had evidence of interstitial lung disease (ILD), 11 (68.8%) with diffuse SSc (p=0.0052). The most frequent anti-nuclear antibody pattern was nucleolar, accounting for 18 (42.8%) of the cases. Anti-centromere antibodies were present in 16.7% of the cases and were associated with the limited SSc subset (p=0.0443) and with calcinosis (p=0.0020). Anti-topoisomerase antibodies were associated with ILD (p=0.0077). CONCLUSIONS: Typical clinical and serological manifestations were present in this sample of Venezuelan patients with SSc, with an expected distribution according to disease subtype. The autoantibody profile allows clinicians to identify those patients with limited forms of the disease and those without pulmonary involvement.

9.
Health Promot Pract ; : 1524839918812419, 2018 Dec 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30501526

RESUMO

Resumen Con el propósito de prevenir lesiones y enfermedades ocupacionales, diseñamos un currículo de seguridad y salud para trabajadores inmigrantes en la industria lechera para aumentar el conocimiento, fomentar prácticas de seguridad, y reducir inequidades en la comunicación. El currículo se basa principalmente en la Taxonomía para el Aprendizaje Significativo-TAS ( Taxonomy of Significant Learning) e incorpora teorías de la conducta y de aprendizaje para adultos, así como también los principios de control de riesgos ocupacionales. Los entrenamientos se implementaron con 836 trabajadores de habla hispana de 67 lecherías en el estado de Wisconsin, en los Estados Unidos. El 67% de los trabajadores reportaron nunca haber recibido entrenamiento acerca de la seguridad en las lecherías, el 65% reportó haber trabajado en lecherías durante 5 años o menos, y el 26% de los trabajadores reportaron haber sufrido alguna lesión mientras trabajaban en la lechería. La evaluación cuantitativa y cualitativa de los entrenamientos sugiere que nuestro currículo efectivamente aumentó el conocimiento y fomentó la contemplación de prácticas de seguridad de los trabajadores. El aumento del conocimiento en general del 25% es estadísticamente significativo (p < .01). Los trabajadores recordaron al menos un concepto clave del contenido, expresaron sentirse confiados en adoptar al menos una conducta de seguridad, y mencionaron su intención de comunicar sus preocupaciones de seguridad a sus jefes en la lechería. De acuerdo a nuestro conocimiento, esta es la primera vez que se aplica la TAS en la educación acerca de seguridad y salud ocupacional. Este currículo puede ayudar a los productores en la industria lechera a cumplir con el entrenamiento anual de los trabajadores requerido por la Administración de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional de los E. U. ( Occupational Safety and Health Administration-OSHA), ofreciendo este entrenamiento básico en seguridad y salud a sus trabajadores durante su etapa inicial de empleo.

10.
Rev. costarric. salud pública ; 25(1): 47-58, ene.-jun. 2016. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-844765

RESUMO

ResumenPropósito:Conocer la asociación entre algunos factores de riesgo cardiovascular y la presión arterial en reposo de estudiantes universitarios costarricenses.Metodología:una muestra total de 269 estudiantes universitarios (138 varones, 131 mujeres; edad promedio= 19,1 ± 2,8 años) respondieron instrumentos de medición sobre datos demográficos, antecedentes familiares de hipertensión, consumo de alcohol, cantidad de tragos ingeridos semanalmente, hábito de fumar, cantidad de cigarros fumados por día, cantidad de METs de actividad física realizada semanalmente y estado de salud general. Se obtuvo de cada sujeto la presión arterial sistólica (PAs) y diastólica (PAd) en reposo, índice de masa corporal (IMC), índice cintura/cadera (ICC), porcentaje de grasa determinado utilizando el densitómetro óseo (DEXA, marca General Electric) y consumo máximo de oxígeno (VO2max) de forma indirecta. Los datos obtenidos se analizaron mediante Regresión Lineal Múltiple, específicamente aplicando 2 Regresiones de Modelos Lineales Generales (MLG).Resultados:Las variables predictoras incluidas en el modelo explican 28,3% (R2model = 0,283) de la variación en la PAs y un 15,8% (R2model = 0,158) de la variación en la PAd. Los factores que predicen de forma significativa la PAs son Género (p = 0,02) e IMC (p = 0,001) y la PAd es el IMC (p = 0,004). La PAs en reposo, ajustado por la cantidad de cigarros fumados diariamente, la cantidad de tragos consumidos en una semana, el IMC, el ICC, el porcentaje de grasa corporal, el VO2max y la cantidad de METs de actividad física realizados semanalmente, fue 15,8mmHg mayor en hombres en comparación con las mujeres (p = 0,02). Por cada aumento de un kg/m2 en el IMC aumentaron 2,5mmHg y 1,5mmHg la PAs y PAd respectivamente.Conclusión:Al ser el IMC el factor de riesgo modificable, la opción para controlar y retrasar la aparición de hipertensión en jóvenes universitarios, es realizar esfuerzos para mantener un peso saludable en esta población.


AbstractPurpose: The study was designed to determine the association between selected cardiovascular risk factors and resting blood pressure in Costa Rican college students.Methods: Volunteers were 269 students (138 males and 131 females; mean age = 19,1 ± 2,8 yrs.), who completed questionnaires on demographics, family history of hypertension, alcohol intake, quantity of weekly liquor drinks, smoking habits, number of daily cigarettes smoked, physical activity (METs/week), and the general health status. In addition, measurements were obtained on resting systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), percent body fat (% body fat) determined by full-body Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DEXA, Lunar Prodigy, General Electric, Madison, WI), and maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max). Multiple regression analysis was used to assess the relationships between the 12 predictor variables using a general lineal model, with both, systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure as dependent variables.Results: The predictor variables entered in the model explained 28,3% (R2model = 0,283) of the variance of SBP values and 15,8% (R2model = 0,158) of the variance in DBP values. Gender (p = 0,02) and BMI (p = 0,001) were significant predictors of SBP, and BMI (p = 0,004) was a significant predictor of DBP. The mean SBP adjusted for the number of daily cigarettes smoked, quantity of weekly liquor drinks, BMI, WHR, % body fat, VO2max and METs/week was 15,8 mm Hg higher in males compared to females (p = 0,02). For every increment of 1 kg/m2 in BMI, both, SBP and DBP increased by 2,5 and 1,5 mm Hg, respectively.Conclusions: The modifiable risk factor BMI was associated to changes in both, SBP and DBP, in Costa Rican college students. Serious efforts should be made to achieve a healthy body weight in a population at high risk for hypertension.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Saúde do Estudante , Aptidão Cardiorrespiratória , Hipertensão/diagnóstico , Estudantes , Sistema Cardiovascular , Medição de Risco
11.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 21(3): 955-966, Mar. 2016. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-775773

RESUMO

Resumen Las altas tasas desempleo observadas en Estados Unidos durante la reciente crisis económica, que además son diferenciadas de acuerdo al origen étnico, hacen pertinente indagar acerca de cómo este problema se relaciona con la salud mental de los empleados y desempleados. Por tanto, en este artículo analizamos la relación entre desempleo y salud mental de los inmigrantes mexicanos, mexicanos nacidos en EE.UU, y otros hispanos en comparación con nativos blancos no hispanos y afroestadounidenses. Para alcanzar este propósito calculamos prevalencias, razones de prevalencias y razones de momios en la población entre 18 y 65 años en la fuerza laboral. Utilizamos información de la National Health Interview Survey (1999 y 2009). Encontramos que en tiempos de crisis aumenta la prevalencia de Tensión Psicológica no Específica (TPNE) en la fuerza laboral para todos los grupos étnicos. Las razones de prevalencias indican que los desempleados tienen mayor riesgo de presentar una TPNE que los empleados, particularmente los hispanos no mexicanos, en contraste, los inmigrantes mexicanos muestran riesgos más bajos.


Abstract The high unemployment rates observed in the United States during the recent economic crisis, that moreover vary between ethnic groups, make it relevant to inquire into how this problem is linked to the mental health of employed and unemployed persons. Therefore, in this paper the relationship between unemployment and mental health among Mexican immigrants, Mexicans born in the US, and other Hispanics in comparison with non-Hispanic native whites and Afro-Americans in the US is analyzed. To achieve this objective prevalence, prevalence ratios and odds ratios for the population between 18 and 65 years of age in the labor force was calculated using data from the 1999 and 2009 National Health Interview Surveys. It was seen that in times of crisis the prevalence of Non-Specific Psychological Disorders (NSPD) in the labor force increased in all ethnic groups. The prevalence ratios indicate that the unemployed face a higher risk of suffering from NSPD than the employed, especially for the non-Mexican Hispanics. Mexican immigrants, in contrast, show the lowest risks.


Assuntos
Desemprego/psicologia , Hispânico ou Latino , Saúde Mental , Emigrantes e Imigrantes/psicologia , Estados Unidos , Prevalência , População Branca , México/etnologia
12.
J Optom ; 7(3): 161-7, 2014.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25000872

RESUMO

PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of refractive conditions in the adult population that visited primary care optometry clinics in Puerto Rico. METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional study of patients examined at the Inter American University of Puerto Rico School of Optometry Eye Institute Clinics between 2004 and 2010. Subjects considered had best corrected visual acuity by standardized subjective refraction of 20/40 or better. The refractive errors were classified by the spherical equivalent (SE): sphere+½ cylinder. Myopia was classified as a SE>-0.50D, hyperopia as a SE>+0.50 D, and emmetropia as a SE between -0.50 and +0.50, both included. Astigmatism equal or higher than 0.25 D in minus cylinder form was used. Patients with documented history of cataract extraction (pseudophakia or aphakia), amblyopia, refractive surgery or other corneal/ocular surgery were excluded from the study. RESULTS: A total of 784 randomly selected subjects older than 40 years of age were selected. The estimated prevalence (95%, confidence interval) among all subjects was hyperopia 51.5% (48.0-55.0), emmetropia 33.8% (30.5-37.2), myopia 14.7% (12.1-17.2) and astigmatism 69.6% (68.8-73.3). Hyperopia was more common in females than males although the difference was not statistically significant. The mean spherical equivalent values was hyperopic until 70 y/o and decreased slightly as the population ages. CONCLUSION: Hyperopia is the most common refractive error and its prevalence and seems to increase among the aging population who visited the clinics. Further programs and studies must be developed to address the refractive errors needs of the adult Puerto Rican population.


Assuntos
Erros de Refração/epidemiologia , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Porto Rico/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Distribuição por Sexo
13.
Endocrinol Nutr ; 60(10): 570-6, 2013 Dec.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23791773

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To define an echocardiographically-assessed cut-off point for epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) thickness associated to metabolic syndrome (MS) components in Venezuelan subjects. METHODS: Fifty-two subjects aged 20-65 years diagnosed with MS according to International Diabetes Federation criteria and 45 sex- and age-matched controls were selected. Blood glucose and plasma lipids were tested; EAT thickness and left ventricular mass were measured by echocardiography. RESULTS: No significant age and sex differences were found between the two groups. Body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly higher (P=.0001) in the MS group. This group showed significantly higher levels of fasting blood glucose (P=.0001), total cholesterol (P=.002), LDL-C (P=.007), non-HDL-C (P=.0001), triglycerides (P=.0001), Tg-HDL-C ratio (P=.0001), and lower HDL-C levels (P=.0001) as compared to the control group. EAT thickness (P=.0001) and left ventricular mass (P=.017) were significantly higher in the MS group. The ROC curve showed an AUC of 0.852 (P=.0001) with a power of the test of 0.99. A 5-mm EAT thickness showed a sensitivity of 84.62% (95%CI: 71.9-93.1) and a specificity of 71.11% (95%CI: 55.7-83.6) for predicting MS. The odds ratio of this population for experiencing MS due to an EAT ≥ 5 mm was 8.25 (95%CI: 3.15-21.56; P=.0001). CONCLUSION: An EAT value ≥ 5 mm has good sensitivity and specificity for predicting MS in the Venezuelan population.


Assuntos
Tecido Adiposo/anatomia & histologia , Síndrome Metabólica/epidemiologia , Pericárdio/anatomia & histologia , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tamanho do Órgão , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Venezuela , Adulto Jovem
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