[Psychiatric care teams: taking care and forgetting about it]. / Les équipes de soins en psychiatrie ou prendre soin à s'en oublier.

The psychiatric care team offers comprehensive, personalized support, raising public awareness, promoting mental equilibrium and combating stigmatization. Its role includes collaboration, communication, designing adapted treatment plans and creating a climate of trust to influence the quality of care. In this way, she contributes to a more inclusive and caring society. As such, her own state of well-being deserves special attention. However, they often work in a highly degraded ecosystem that can be likened to psychiatry in a war zone.

Comparing the Yield of Recombinant Human Factor VII Protein Expressed by the rDNA-Promoter with the CMV-Promoter in Iranian Lizard Leishmania.

Background: Iranian Lizard Leishmania (I.L.L) is a nonpathogenic Leishmania strain. Due to its advantages, several recombinant proteins have been produced in this host. However, I.L.L shows a lower yield of recombinant protein expression compared to other commercial hosts. Considering the role of protease enzymes in protein digestion, we selected cysteine protease B (CPB) to investigate its impact on recombinant protein yield in I.L.L. Methods: we generated gene knockouts by utilizing homologous recombination (HR) and CRISPR methods. To assess the efficacy of the designed construct, we compared the yield of recombinant human factor VII (rhFVII) production between cells transfected with the pLEXSY-hyg2-FVII vector and the CMV-promoter-based construct (pF7cmvneo). Results: The knockout of a single CPB gene allele through the HR method or the complete knockout of all alleles through the CRISPR method led to cell death. This outcome suggests that even the deletion of a single CPB gene allele diminishes the protein to a level insufficient for the survival of I.L.L, indicating a critical dependency on the presence of this protein for the organism's viability. rhFVII exhibited a greater expression yield with the pLEXSY construct compared to the pF7cmvneo construct in I.L.L. The lower expression rate of pF7cmvneo may be influenced by epigenetic factors related to the CPC gene or the RNA polymerase used for the expression of that promoter. Conclusion: Therefore, considering alternative integration targets for CMV-promoter-based constructs and incorporating UTR sequences of I.L.L high-expression proteins in the vector may enhance recombinant protein expression rates.

Maritime cybersecurity: are onboard systems ready?

Recent maritime cybersecurity accidents reveal that shipping is facing increased exposure to cyber threats, especially due to the fast-growing digitalisation of the sector, leaving vessels and their onboard systems vulnerable to cyberattacks. This research aims at evaluating the relationship among the critical dimensions influencing cybersecurity performance in the maritime industry. To achieve this, six critical dimensions related to cybersecurity preparedness are first identified through literature review, namely 'regulations', 'company procedures' from a managerial perspective and 'shipboard systems readiness', 'training and awareness', 'human factor' and 'compliance monitoring' at an operation level. A Likert-scale questionnaire is designed and used to collect empirical data from 133 seafarers and shore-based staff. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) is applied to examine the causal relationships between the six dimensions and shipboard cybersecurity performance. The results show that 'regulations' positively influence shipping companies' cybersecurity-related 'procedures', which in turn positively affects 'shipboard systems readiness', 'training and awareness', and 'monitoring'. Further, 'training and awareness' positively influences the cybersecurity performance of ships. The results have profound implications for the shipping industry on how to strengthen their cyber practices in order to improve their cybersecurity performance. Recommendations for future academic research related to maritime cybersecurity are also provided.

The role of smart technology, managerial initiatives and human factors on sustainable manufacturing: a case study of Indonesian oil and gas workers.

This study aims to analyse and determine the effect of Big Data, the Internet of Things (IoT), and physical-cyber system variables on human factors in refinery industry operators and the influence of human factors and managerial initiatives on sustainable manufacturing. The method used in this study is a quantitative method using partial least square-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The respondents in this study were workers of Indonesia's upstream oil and gas sector. The results of this study indicate that Big Data, IoT, and Physical Cyber Systems (PCS) have a positive and significant effect on the human factor. In addition, there is a significant relationship between human factors and sustainable manufacturing. Furthermore, it is also found that there is a relationship between managerial initiatives and sustainable manufacturing. However, the managerial initiative cannot moderate the human factor and sustainable manufacturing.

This research explores the profound influence of Industry 4.0 technologies, encompassing big data, IoT, and physical-cyber systems (PCS), on the human aspects of Indonesia's oil and gas sector. The outcomes of this study offer valuable perspectives on how Industry 4.0 technologies can revolutionise the Indonesian oil and gas industry while underscoring the significance of factoring in human elements and sustainable practices within this dynamic landscape.

Human factors engineering simulated analysis in administrative, operational and maintenance loops of nuclear reactor control unit using artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques.

The nuclear reactor control unit employs human factor engineering to ensure efficient operations and prevent any catastrophic incidents. This sector is of utmost importance for public safety. This study focuses on simulated analysis of specific areas of nuclear reactor control, specifically administration, operation, and maintenance, using artificial intelligence software. The investigation yields effective artificial intelligence algorithms that capture the essential and non-essential components of numerous parameters to be monitored in nuclear reactor control. The investigation further examines the interdependencies between various parameters and validates the statistical outputs of the model through attribution analysis. Furthermore, a Multivariant ANOVA analysis is conducted to identify the interactive plots and mean plots of crucial parameters interactions. The artificial intelligence algorithms demonstrate the correlation between the number of vacant staff jobs and both the frequency of license event reports each year and the ratio of contract employees to regular employees in the administrative domain. An AI method uncovers the relationships between the operator failing rate (OFR), operator processed errors (OEE), and operations at limited time frames (OLC). The AI algorithm reveals the interdependence between equipment in the out of service (EOS), progressive maintenance schedule (PRMR), and preventive maintenance schedules (PMRC). Effective machine learning neural network models are derived from generative adversarial network (GAN) algorithms and proposed for administrative, operational and maintenance loops of nuclear reactor control unit.

The human factor and ergonomics in Patient Safety.

The human condition is linked to error in any activity that is performed, and the healthcare world is no exception. The origin of human error does not lie within the perversity of human nature, instead, it has its origins in latent failures in the healthcare environment and is a consequence of the processes and procedures applied. The science of the Human Factor deals with the application of knowledge to people (capabilities, characteristics and limitations), with the design and the management of the equipment they use and with the environments in which they work and the activities they carry out. Part of the Human Factor are the non-technical skills. These skills greatly influence people's behavior and, therefore, their performance and the quality of healthcare in a very complex socio-technical system.

Spatial patterns, factors, and ethnic differences: A study on ethnic minority villages in Yunnan, China.

This paper takes ethnic minority villages in Yunnan province of China, which have significant characteristics of multi-ethnic integration, as the research object. Through various spatial statistical analysis methods, we analyzed the overall distribution characteristics of ethnic villages in Yunnan, the distribution difference among various ethnic groups, and the influencing factors of the distribution pattern. It was found that: (1) The ethnic minority villages in Yunnan generally exhibit a kernel density characteristic of "three concentrated areas and multiple scattered points" and distribution characteristic of "hot spots in the west and cold spots in the east". Each ethnic group has a relatively concentrated region, presenting significant ethnic autocorrelation. (2) The differences in the relationship between villages and landscape among various ethnic groups have given rise to a unique three-dimensional distribution pattern, which is relate to ethnic origin and livelihood culture. Meanwhile, Han traditional villages tend to occupy areas with relatively better geographical conditions. (3) Natural factors, such as topographic relief, the distance between ethnic villages and rivers, and elevation, have a significant impact on the distribution of ethnic villages in Yunnan. Meanwhile, test results of social and human factors, including the distance from central cities, per capita GDP, and the gross annual output values of primary industry, indicate that the development of social economy and the promotion of urbanization pose challenges to the preservation of ethnic villages.

How are we handling protein drugs in hospitals? A human factors and systems engineering approach to compare two hospitals and suggest a best practice.

Biopharmaceuticals are complex biological molecules that require careful storage and handling to ensure medication integrity. In this study, a work system analysis of real-world protein drug (PD) handling was performed with the following goals: identify main barriers and facilitators for successful adherence to accepted recommendations in PD handling, analyse differences in two organizations, and define a Best Current Practice in the real-life handling of PDs based on the results of the work system analysis. Observational study was held in two university hospitals in Spain and Sweden. Based on the Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety (SEIPS) model, the tools chosen were: the PETT scan, in order to indicate the presence of barriers or facilitators for the PETT components (People, Environment, Tools, Tasks); the Tasks and tools matrices to construct a checklist to record direct observations during the real-life handling of biopharmaceuticals, and the Journey map to depict the work process. Observations were performed between March and November 2022. Each episode of direct observation included a single protein drug in some point of the supply chain and considered all the elements in the work system. Based on the results of the work system analysis and the literature review, the authors propose a list of items which could be assumed as Best Current Practice for PDs handling in hospitals. There were a total of 34 observations involving 19 PDs. Regarding People involved in the work process, there was a diversity of professionals with different previous training and knowledge, leading to an information gap. With respect to Environment, some structural and organizational differences between hospitals lead to risks related to the time exposure of PDs to room temperature and mechanical stress. Some differences also existed in the Tools and Tasks involved in the process, being especially relevant to the lack of compatibility information of PDs with new technologies, such as pneumatic tube system, robotic reconstitution, or closed-system transfer devices. Finally, 15 suggestions for best current practice are proposed. Main barriers found for compliance with accepted recommendations were related to the information gap detected in professionals involved in the handling of protein drugs, unmonitored temperature, and the lack of compatibility information of protein drugs with some new technologies. By applying a Human Factors and Systems Engineering Approach, the comparison of two European hospitals has led to a suggested list of Best Current Practices in the handling of protein drugs in a hospital.

Analysis of factors associated with needlestick injuries of clinical nurses by applying a human factor analysis and classification system: A nationwide cross-sectional survey.

AIMS: This study aims to investigate the current situation of needlestick injuries (NSIs) of clinical nurses and identify associated factors by using the theoretical framework of the human factors analysis and classification system (HFACS). DESIGN: A nationwide cross-sectional survey was conducted. METHODS: Multi-stage sampling was used to investigate 3336 nurses in 14 Chinese hospitals. Descriptive statistics and univariate and multivariate logistic regression were employed to reveal the rate of NSIs and their associated factors. RESULTS: A total of 970 nurses (29.1%) reported having experienced at least one NSI in the past year. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that good hospital safety climate and clinical nurses in intensive care unit (ICU) and emergency department had protective effects against NSIs compared with nurses in internal medicine department. The nurse, senior nurse, and nurse in charge have significantly increased the risk for NSIs compared with the associate chief nurse or above. Patients with poor vision but wearing glasses and poor vision but not wearing glasses were more prone to have NSIs. Working in the operating room compared with internal medicine, average weekly working time of >45 h compared with ≤40 h and poor general health led to increased risk of NSIs. CONCLUSION: The rate of NSIs in clinical nurses was high in China. Individual factors including professional title, department, visual acuity and general mental health and organisational factors including weekly working hours and hospital safety atmosphere were significantly correlated with the occurrence of NSIs. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Nursing managers should focused on physical and psychological conditions of clinical nurses, and organisational support is required to enhance the hospital safety atmosphere. NO PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: Contributions from patients or the public are irrelevant because this study aims to explore current situation and factors associated with NSIs in clinical nurses.

Advancing injection force modeling and viscosity-dependent injectability evaluation for prefilled syringes.

The development of PFS requires a detailed understanding of the forces occurring during the drug administration process and patient's capability. This research describes an advanced mathematic injection force model that consisting hydrodynamic force and friction force. The hydrodynamic force follows the basic law of Hagen-Poiseuille but refines the modeling approach by delving into specific properties of drug viscosity (Newtonian and Shear-thinning) and syringe shape constant, while the friction force was accounted from empty barrel injection force. Additionally, we take actual temperature of injection into consideration, providing more accurate predication. The results show that the derivation of the needle dimension constant and the rheological behavior of the protein solutions are critical parameters. Also, the counter pressure generated by the tissue has been considered in actual administration to address the issue of the inaccuracies of current injection force evaluation preformed in air, especially when the viscosity of the injected drug solution is below 9.0 cP (injecting with 1 mL L PFS staked with 29G ½ inch needle). Human factor studies on patients' capability against medication viscosity filled the gap in design space of PFS drug product and available viscosity data in very early phase.

Looking beyond the screen: A systematic review of safety in control rooms.

As a complex socio-technical system, the Control Room (CR) is central to many industries, such as process, aviation, transportation, and mining. CRs' complexity impacts the safety, operational, engineering, regulatory, and financial performance of the system. In this study, a search strategy was defined and applied to three reputable databases: Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed. The search results underwent a two-stage screening process based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria were investigating the safety in the CR, full-text availability, and writing in English. The exclusion criteria were unrelated to the safety in the CR, non-English Language, and non-original studies. A total of 59 studies were included in the analysis. The included articles were systematically reviewed from the Human Reliability Assessment (HRA) and Human Factors Engineering (HFE) perspectives. Since these records covered various subjects related to human reliability and human factor aspects, a categorization step was added to the study process. In this step, all included studies were categorized based on their subjects. A total of 7 categories were identified, including reliability (17 documents), safety performance (13 documents), decision-support systems (7 documents), fire safety (2 documents), communication/teamwork (11 documents), situation awareness (4 documents), and others (5 documents). Finally, the included studies in each category were analyzed and discussed. The results of this study help identify different aspects of safety in the control room and plan to improve their safety weaknesses, which ultimately leads to an increase in the efficiency of employees and various industries.

Human factor engineering of point-of-care near infrared spectroscopy device for intracranial hemorrhage detection in Traumatic Brain Injury: A multi-center comparative study using a hybrid methodology.

OBJECTIVE: This study assessed machine learning powered Near-infrared spectroscopy based (mNIRS) device's usability and human factor ergonomics in four distinct healthcare provider groups. BACKGROUND: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a global concern with significant well-being implications. Timely intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) detection is crucial. mNIRS offers efficient non-invasive TBI screening. METHODS: Two device utilization stages involved operators (N = 21) and TBI-suspected subjects (n = 120). A hybrid approach used qualitative and quantitative methods, utilizing a 57-item survey and task completion time. RESULTS: All groups positively perceived user-interface, physical, cognitive, and organizational ergonomics. The device's ease of use, calibration, size, cognitive support, and integration gained appreciation. Training reduced task completion time from 16.5 to 13.2 s. CONCLUSION: mNIRS-based CEREBO® proves usable for TBI point-of-care assessment. Positive feedback from diverse healthcare groups validates design and cost-effectiveness alignment. A hybrid approach, training, and practice scans enhance usage and experience.

Comparative study on electroencephalography characteristics of professional and non-professional drivers in tunnel sections: A field investigation.

BACKGROUND: The tunnel section is a complex traffic scenario and an accident prone area. There are differences in the performance of different driving groups in tunnel environments, which may have an impact on traffic safety. OBJECTIVE: To study the differences in the impact of tunnel environment on professional and non-professional drivers. METHODS: Based on the vehicle experimental data, the electroencephalography (EEG) power was compared for professional and non-professional drivers. The impact of illumination changes and longitudinal slope on different driving groups was analyzed. RESULTS: At tunnel entrance with severely reduced lighting, the adaptation time of non-professional drivers to the light environment is 1.5 times that of professional drivers. When driving on the longitudinal slope, professional drivers perform better. The greater the longitudinal slope, the more obvious the advantages of professional drivers. However, in areas with relatively good traffic conditions, professional drivers are more prone to be distracted. CONCLUSION: Professional and non-professional drivers have their own advantages and disadvantages in the tunnel environment. In general, the driving adaptability of professional drivers is better than that of non-professional drivers in tunnel sections. The research conclusions provide a reference for driver safety training.

Using HFACS to understand human error in railway dispatcher performance: a study of proactive safety inspection records.

This study analyzes 4,095 proactive safety inspection records obtained from a large dispatching centre by utilising the HFACS framework. These proactive safety inspection records offer comprehensive documentation of incidents, capturing major accidents and numerous minor discrepancies and lapses that often go unnoticed in accident reports. The analysis revealed that most incidents were attributed to unsafe actions, primarily skill-based errors and poor decision-making. Additionally, contributing factors such as adverse mental states, personal readiness, and crew resource management were found to play a significant role as preconditions for unsafe acts. Path analyses further established a significant correlation between factors such as unsafe supervision, preconditions for unsafe acts, and the occurrence of unsafe acts. In our discussion, we critically evaluate the strengths and limitations of proactive safety inspection records in safety research. Moreover, we emphasise these findings' potential to enhance safety within the railway industry.

Based on a substantial dataset comprising proactive safety inspection records of railway dispatchers rather than the incident reports utilised in prior studies, this paper presents a causal model of human error among railway dispatchers in combination with HFACS and critically evaluates the strengths and limitations of active safety inspection records.

El rol del factor humano en el éxito de la práctica clínica odontológica / The role of the human factor in the success of dental clinical practice

Resumen Los fracasos y complicaciones en el campo de la cirugía bucal son analizados generalmente desde un punto de vista técnico o biológico. En términos generales, a partir del espíritu fragmentario del conocimiento, se tiende a enfocar la atención odontológica en la parte técnica y teórica. Actualmente se están produciendo cambios socioculturales que están generando modificaciones en los paradigmas de la atención odontológica, considerando también la comunicación con el paciente y la situación psicológica tanto del paciente como del equipo profesional. En este editorial se busca reflexionar sobre estos temas analizando perspectivas más integradas para lograr un mayor equilibrio en la atención profesional.

Abstract Failures and complications in the field of oral surgery are generally analyzed from a technical or biological point of view. In general terms, based on the fragmentary spirit of knowledge, dental care tends to be focused on the technical and theoretical knowledge. We are currently witnessing sociocultural changes that are producing modifications in the paradigms of dental care, also considering communication with the patient and the psychological situation of both the patient and the professional team. This editorial seeks to reflect on these issues, considering the most integrated visions to achieve greater balance in professional care.

El rol del factor humano en el éxito de la práctica clínica odontológica / The role of the human factor in the success of dental clinical practice

Los fracasos y complicaciones en el campo de la cirugía bucal son analizados generalmente desde un punto de vista técnico o biológico. En términos generales, a partir del es- píritu fragmentario del conocimiento, se tiende a enfocar la atención odontológica en la parte técnica y teórica. Actual- mente se están produciendo cambios socioculturales que están generando modificaciones en los paradigmas de la atención odontológica, considerando también la comunicación con el paciente y la situación psicológica tanto del paciente como del equipo profesional. En este editorial se busca reflexionar so- bre estos temas analizando perspectivas más integradas para lograr un mayor equilibrio en la atención profesional (AU)

Failures and complications in the field of oral surgery are generally analyzed from a technical or biological point of view. In general terms, based on the fragmentary spirit of knowledge, dental care tends to be focused on the technical and theoretical knowledge. We are currently witnessing so- ciocultural changes that are producing modifications in the paradigms of dental care, also considering communication with the patient and the psychological situation of both the patient and the professional team. This editorial seeks to re- flect on these issues, considering the most integrated visions to achieve greater balance in professional care (AU)

Spatiotemporal variation and driving factor of vegetation coverage from 2000 to 2020 in southern Jiangxi Province, China.

Vegetation plays a critical role in the water and carbon cycling and energy flow, serving as an indicator for regulating land carbon balance and reflecting climate change and human activities. We analyzed the spatiotemporal variations of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) during the growing season in southern Jiangxi from 2000 to 2020, using statistical methods, including the Mann-Kendall test, Theil-Sen Median analysis, Hurst index, and coefficient of variation. We employed the geodetector model to comprehensively assess the impacts of climate, topography, soil and human factors on spatial differentiation of vegetation NDVI. The results showed NDVI exhibited an upward fluctuating trend with a rate of 0.003 per year from 2000 to 2020. The proportion of high-grade and medium-high-grade NDVI areas were 55.8% and 41.9%, respectively, while the areas with low and relatively low fluctuations accounted for 92.3%. The proportions of areas showing extremely significant improvement and significant improvement were 40.4% and 19.4%, respectively. In contrast, the combined proportion of areas displaying extremely significant degradation and significant degradation was only 2.2%. The proportions of areas demonstrating continuous improvement and future improvement were 28.0% and 60.2%, respectively. Elevation, precipitation, relative humidity, temperature, landform type, land use type, population density, and nighttime light were identified as the major factors for the vairations of NDVI in the study area, followed by slope, soil type, and GDP, while slope aspect and vegetation type had indirect influence. Throughout the study period, NDVI in southern Jiangxi was overall stable, with future changes primarily indicating improvement. Notably, human factors such as land use type, population density, and nighttime light index exhibited an upward trend in their impacts on NDVI.

BinaRena: a dedicated interactive platform for human-guided exploration and binning of metagenomes.

BACKGROUND: Exploring metagenomic contigs and "binning" them into metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) are essential for the delineation of functional and evolutionary guilds within microbial communities. Despite the advances in automated binning algorithms, their capabilities in recovering MAGs with accuracy and biological relevance are so far limited. Researchers often find that human involvement is necessary to achieve representative binning results. This manual process however is expertise demanding and labor intensive, and it deserves to be supported by software infrastructure. RESULTS: We present BinaRena, a comprehensive and versatile graphic interface dedicated to aiding human operators to explore metagenome assemblies via customizable visualization and to associate contigs with bins. Contigs are rendered as an interactive scatter plot based on various data types, including sequence metrics, coverage profiles, taxonomic assignments, and functional annotations. Various contig-level operations are permitted, such as selection, masking, highlighting, focusing, and searching. Binning plans can be conveniently edited, inspected, and compared visually or using metrics including silhouette coefficient and adjusted Rand index. Completeness and contamination of user-selected contigs can be calculated in real time. In demonstration of BinaRena's usability, we show that it facilitated biological pattern discovery, hypothesis generation, and bin refinement in a complex tropical peatland metagenome. It enabled isolation of pathogenic genomes within closely related populations from the gut microbiota of diarrheal human subjects. It significantly improved overall binning quality after curating results of automated binners using a simulated marine dataset. CONCLUSIONS: BinaRena is an installation-free, dependency-free, client-end web application that operates directly in any modern web browser, facilitating ease of deployment and accessibility for researchers of all skill levels. The program is hosted at https://github.com/qiyunlab/binarena , together with documentation, tutorials, example data, and a live demo. It effectively supports human researchers in intuitive interpretation and fine tuning of metagenomic data. Video Abstract.

Emergency team competencies: scoping review for the development of a tool to support the briefing and debriefing activities of emergency healthcare providers.

Globally, at least one adverse event occurs in 10% of patients using emergency, inpatient, outpatient, surgical and primary care services. Particularly in emergency health care, this problem is exacerbated by additional variables such as patient criticality, high-risk diagnostic and therapeutic interventions and varying levels of healthcare provider training. In relation to the last point, briefing and debriefing activities during an emergency reinforce staff training and support them in managing work resources, planning interventions and improving future performance. The aim of the scoping review is to explore the state of the art in human factors applied to emergency situations and to develop a new tool to support healthcare professionals in conducting evidence-based briefings and debriefings. This review was developed using a search strategy based on the Arksey and O'Malley's six-step framework for scoping reviews. The literature analysed and the data identified, which are heterogeneous due to different study methodologies, objectives and types of interventions, suggest that human factors applied to emergency situations are still under-researched. At the end of the data extraction, analysis process, authors' reviews, discussion rounds and comparison with the multidisciplinary team of healthcare providers, 42 behaviours, 33 elements and 8 domains were considered relevant and included in the Emergency Team Comptencies (ETC) briefing and debriefing tool, ranked in order of priority as follows: communication, decision-making, clinical skills, situational awareness, leadership, task management, collaboration and stress and fatigue management. Further research is needed to investigate human factors applied to emergency situations and to generate new evidence to improve clinical practice and reduce the risk of error. In the near future, further studies will be conducted by the authors to test the validity of the Emergency Team Competencies tool in objectively measuring the performance of professionals and multidisciplinary teams.