Perception of patients with retinal pathology on aspects of visual function and their management.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) are highly prevalent. OBJECTIVE: To explore perceptions of patients with AMD or DR about the impact of the disease and treatment on their daily living activities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Semi-structured interviews with a questionnaire developed from validated patient reported outcomes questionnaires. The questionnaire consisted of 19 questions about the disease and 9 about the treatment. The questions (items) were answered on a scale from 1 to 9. In addition, the patient interviewed was invited to make free comments on each question. Nine patients with AMD and 9 with DR were interviewed by videoconference or telephone call. A quantitative analysis of the responses and a qualitative analysis of the comments were carried out. RESULTS: The most relevant item for patients with AMD or DR is "Recognize people when they are nearby", and "Read text in normal size font in a newspaper or book", followed, in patients with AMD, by "Do things what you would like" and, in patients with DR, "Feeling frustrated by the vision problems." Regarding the treatment, the most relevant aspects for both groups is that the treatment works and receiving appropriate information before and after the treatment. The qualitative comments were focused to the disease, the treatment, and to the role of doctors and the health system. CONCLUSION: Quantitative responses and free comments can be useful to improve the care of patients with AMD or DR by physicians and the health system.

Gestação de Substituição em Portugal: Orientações para a prática clínica

Introdução: A aprovação na Assembleia da República, em dezembro de 2021, da lei aplicável à Gestação de Substituição, suscita a reflexão acerca dos aspetos práticos em que o regime se concretizará e das orientações necessárias para os profissionais de saúde envolvidos. Por esse motivo, foram definidos como objetivos: analisar um conjunto de recomendações para a prática clínica no âmbito da Gestação de Substituição em países com experiência no procedimento e promover uma discussão com peritos na área da Procriação Medicamente Assistida. Material e Métodos: Foi realizada uma análise documental das publicações e documentos oficiais sobre o tema que serviu de base para o estudo de desenho qualitativo baseado em grupos focais com diferentes profissionais -médicos e psicólogos- com experiência em Procriação Medicamente Assistida. A discussão foi concretizada através de sessões via Zoom®, realizadas separadamente com os dois grupos focais. Resultados: Na discussão os peritos fizeram as suas apreciações e propostas de melhoria em relação à versão inicial do documento resultante da análise documental. Conclusão: Obteve-se uma versão consolidada do conjunto de orientações para os profissionais de saúde com as dimensões a avaliar e acompanhar junto da gestante e parte beneficiária na Gestação de Substituição.

Introducción : La aprobación por el Parlamento portugués, en diciembre de 2021, de la ley aplicable a la Gestación Subrogada, plantea la reflexión sobre los aspectos prácticos en los que se implementará el esquema y las directrices necesarias para los profesionales de la salud involucrados. Por este motivo, se definieron los siguientes objetivos: analizar un conjunto de recomendaciones para la práctica clínica en el ámbito de la gestación subrogada en países con experiencia en el procedimiento y promover un debate con expertos en el campo de la Reproducción Médicamente Asistida. Material y Métodos : Se realizó un análisis documental de publicaciones y documentos oficiales sobre el tema, que sirvió de base para el estudio de diseño cualitativo basado en focus group con diferentes profesionales -médicos y psicólogos- con experiencia en Reproducción Médicamente Asistida. La discusión se realizó a través de sesiones via Zoom®, celebradas por separado con los dos focus group. Resultados : En la discusión, los expertos realizaron sus apreciaciones y propuestas de mejora respecto a la versión inicial del documento resultante del análisis documental. Conclusión : Se obtuvo una versión consolidada del conjunto de directrices para los profesionales de la salud con las dimensiones para evaluar y dar seguimiento a la madre sustituta y a los beneficiarios en la Gestación Subrogada.

Introduction: The approval by the Portuguese Parliament, in December 2021, of the law applicable to Surrogate Pregnancy, raises reflection on the practical aspects in which the scheme will be implemented and the necessary guidelines for health professionals involved. For this reason, the following objectives were defined: to analyze a set of recommendations for clinical practice in surrogacy in countries with experience in the procedure and to promote a discussion with experts in Medically Assisted Reproduction. Material and Methods: A documental analysis of publications and official documents on the theme was conducted. This served as a basis for the qualitative design study based on focus groups with different professionals -physicians, and psychologists- with experience in Medically Assisted Reproduction. The discussion was realized through sessions via Zoom®, held separately with the two focus groups. Results : In the debate, the experts made their appreciation and proposals for improvement concerning the initial version of the document resulting from the document analysis. Conclusion : A consolidated version of the set of guidelines for health professionals was obtained with the dimensions to evaluate and follow up with the surrogate and beneficiaries in Surrogacy.

Experiences of patients with Parkinson's disease belonging to an association. A qualitative approach.

INTRODUCTION: Parkinson's disease (PD) affects the physical, cognitive, emotional, and social domains of people who suffer it. A good strategy for patients is to belong to an Association, using the services they offer. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore the experiences and perceptions of patients with PD in a Parkinson's Association. METHODS: A sample of participants with PD who met the inclusion criteria was selected through purpose and theoretical sampling. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were used to collect the data, which was analyzed by thematic phenomenological analysis. Different strategies such as triangulation between researchers were used to ensure methodological rigor. RESULTS: The data analyzed from 10 participants led to two themes: the context of the Association, where the importance of interdisciplinary treatments and the relationship with other patients is collected; and how they see their future, which describes the future perspectives that patients with PD have. DISCUSSION: Patients agree on the importance of belonging to the Association, feeling part of a group, while benefiting from receiving therapies from the interdisciplinary team. The Association plays a relevant role in the evolution of the disease, as it influences how patients imagine their future. Developing strategies based on a good therapeutic alliance with professionals at the service of patients promotes the empowerment, adherence and continuity of treatments at home, which results in improving the quality of life of patients with PD.

As dobras do origami: reflexões sobre a implicação em pesquisa / The origami's folds: reflections about the implication in research / Los pliegues del origami: reflexiones sobre la implicación en investigación

INTRODUÇÃO: A análise da implicação na pesquisa se opõe a uma suposta neutralidade resultante do afastamento do objeto, porque o/a pesquisador/a coloca a sua subjetividade em análise, o contexto histórico-social da pesquisa, assim como, a intersubjetividade de todos os envolvidos nela. A implicação integra o processo de construção do conhecimento na busca de maior compreensão dos fenômenos, sendo um dos conceitos fundamentais da psicossociologia. OBJETIVO: O presente estudo objetiva apresentar um relato de experiência sobre a análise da implicação em uma pesquisa clínico-qualitativa respaldada teórico-metodologicamente pela psicossociologia francesa e psicodinâmica do trabalho. Essa investigação ocorreu entre 2018 e 2022, tendo se dado parcialmente no período da pandemia da COVID-19. METODOLOGIA: Empregaram-se os seguintes dispositivos como método de análise da implicação: os diários de campo, as supervisões, as reuniões de equipe, a participação em um grupo de convivência e a psicoterapia individual. Assim, a pesquisadora procurou abordar os seus afetos e sentimentos envolvidos ao longo das etapas da pesquisa. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO: Foi possível, pois, evidenciar a implicação como fonte, paradoxalmente, de processos criativos e, em alguns casos, também de alienação. CONCLUSÃO: Apesar da identificação de alguns destes aspectos negativos da implicação da pesquisadora, se pode ampliar o conhecimento sobre o objeto da pesquisa.

INTRODUCTION: The implication analysis is opposed to a supposed neutrality because the researcher analyzes his own subjectivity, his historical and social context, as well as the intersubjectivity of the actors involved in a research. Implication analysis is one of the fundamental concepts of psychosociology. It enables one to understand phenomena and builds knowledge. OBJECTIVE: The present study aims to present an experience report about an implication analysis of a clinical-qualitative research that was based on French psychosociology and psychodynamics of work theory and methodology. This investigation happened from 2018 to 2022, partially carried out during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD: There were used the following resources to access the implication analysis: dailies, supervisions, team meetings, participation in a reflection group, and individual psychotherapy. Thus, the researcher related feelings and affections involved in each one of the research stages. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: This study highlighted the implication as a source that paradoxically allows creative processes but also, in some cases, alienation. CONCLUSION: Despite some negative aspects of the implication researcher, it was possible to expand the knowledge about the research object.

INTRODUCCIÓN: El análisis de la implicación en la investigación se opone a una supuesta neutralidad resultante de la distancia del objeto porque el investigador analiza su propia subjetividad, el contexto histórico-social de la investigación, así como la intersubjetividad de todos los involucrados en la investigación. La implicación forma parte del proceso de construcción del conocimiento en la búsqueda de una mejor comprensión de los fenómenos, siendo uno de los conceptos fundamentales de la psicosociología. OBJETIVO: Este estudio tiene como objetivo presentar un relato de experiencia sobre el análisis de la implicación en una investigación clínico-cualitativa sustentada teórica y metodológicamente por la psicossociologia francesa y la psicodinámica del trabajo. Esta investigación se llevó a cabo entre 2018 y 2022, habiéndose realizado parcialmente durante el período de la pandemia de COVID-19. MÉTODO: Se utilizaron como método de análisis de la implicación los siguientes dispositivos: diarios de campo, supervisiones, reuniones de equipo, participación en un grupo de convivencia y psicoterapia individual. Así, la investigadora buscó abordar sus afectos y sentimientos involucrados a lo largo de las etapas de la investigación. RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN: Este estudio destacó la implicación como fuente, paradójicamente, de procesos creativos y, en algunos casos, alienación. CONCLUSIÓN: A pesar de la identificación de algunos de estos aspectos negativos de la implicación de la investigadora, se logró ampliar el conocimiento sobre el objeto de investigación.

Investigación cualitativa en el contexto de la Salud Pública: actualización de conceptos

Los enfoques cualitativos en la investigación han sido fundamentales en las ciencias sociales y son cruciales para el estudio de la salud y los servicios sanitarios. Con el progreso en medicina, mayor especialización, expectativas crecientes de los pacientes y la complejidad de los servicios de salud, los profesionales se enfrentan a un entorno laboral cada vez más complicado. Los métodos cualitativos, aunque distintos de las técnicas experimentales y cuantitativas de la investigación clínica y biomédica, son indispensables para la investigación en servicios de salud. Esto se debe a que permiten explorar aspectos no medibles cuantitativamente, como las creencias sobre la salud, y porque proporcionan una base -descriptiva necesaria para la investigación cuantitativa, especialmente en campos con escasa investigación previa.

Qualitative approaches in research have been fundamental in the social sciences and are crucial to the study of health and health services. With progress in medicine, greater specialization, increasing patient expectations and the complexity of health services, professionals face an increasingly complicated work environment. Qualitative methods, although different from the experimental and quantitative techniques of clinical and biomedical research, are essential for health services research. This is because they allow us to explore aspects that are not quantitatively measurable, such as beliefs about health, and because they provide a necessary descriptive basis for quantitative research, especially in fields with little previous research.

Assessing and Achieving Quality in Qualitative Research: Clues for Researchers in Training* / Valorar y lograr la calidad de la investigación cualitativa: claves para investigadores en formación / Avaliar e alcançar a qualidade da pesquisa qualitativa: chaves para pesquisadores em formação

This article deals with the particularities of the quality of qualitative research, under the double lens of valuing it and ensuring it. While achieving the quality of qualitative research concerns only those who have opted for this methodology, assessing it is everyone's business because researchers in training will encounter, in the literature reviews, qualitative studies on which they must reflect and estimate their quality. Appreciating the quality of a research work is a complex activity as it is situated within a context and conducted by individuals who use any of the means available to do so. The means they use are criteria as evaluation guides and criteria checklists. For researchers in training, I suggest some guiding criteria to evaluate qualitative publications and ensure quality during the research process, key issues that they must address.

Este artículo trata sobre las particularidades de la calidad de la investigación cualitativa, bajo la doble lente de valorarla y asegurarla. Mientras que alcanzar la calidad de una investigación cualitativa atañe solo a los que han optado por esta metodología, valorarla es asunto de todos, ya que los investigadores en formación se encontrarán en las revisiones bibliográficas con estudios cualitativos sobre los cuales deberán reflexionar y estimar su calidad. Apreciar la calidad de un trabajo de investigación es una actividad compleja ya que está situada en un contexto y llevada a cabo por personas que usan alguno de los medios disponibles para hacerlo. Los medios que usan son los criterios como guías de evaluación y los listados de verificación de criterios. Para los investigadores en formación sugiero unos criterios guía para la valoración de publicaciones cualitativas y para asegurar la calidad durante el proceso de investigación, unas cuestiones claves a las que deben atender.

Este artigo trata das particularidades da qualidade da pesquisa qualitativa, sob a dupla lente de valorizá-la e garanti-la. Embora alcançar a qualidade da pesquisa qualitativa seja do interesse de quem optou por esta metodologia, Avaliar é tarefa de todos, pois os pesquisadores em formação se encontrarão em revisões bibliográficas com estudos qualitativos, sobre os quais deverão refletir e estimar sua qualidade. Avaliar a qualidade de um trabalho de investigação é uma atividade complexa, pois está situada num context e é realizada por pessoas que utilizam qualquer um dos meios disponíveis para o fazer. Os meios que utilizam são critérios como guias de avaliação e listas de verificação de critérios. Aos pesquisadores em formação, sugiro alguns critérios norteadores para avaliar publicações qualitativas e para garantir a qualidade durante o processo de pesquisa, questões chaves que devem ser abordadas.

[The euthanasia law and professional experiences: tensions in clinical practice]. / La ley de eutanasia y experiencias profesionales: tensiones en la práctica clínica.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the process of assisted death provision in Catalonia and identify the main tensions, difficulties, and/or sources of discomfort related to professional practice. METHOD: A qualitative study was conducted based on interviews (n=29) and focus groups (n=19) with professionals who participated in the euthanasia process. The selection of participants combined the snowball and maximization of variability procedures, taking into account the variables of professional profile, setting, gender, age and territoriality. Intentional and theoretical sampling process. RESULTS: The assisted death process is divided into four main moments: 1) reception of the request, 2) medical-bureaucratic procedure, 3) the actual procedure, and 4) closure. At each of these moments, difficulties arise that can be a source of discomfort and have to do with the limits and tensions between the legal and moral, the conception of one's own professional role, the lack of recognition of some professional roles, stress and overload, the lack of formal and informal support, and the relationship with the patient and his/her family. The bureaucratic-administrative stress derived from a protective law, with both prior and subsequent verifying control, stands out, given that it stresses the professionals immersed in a healthcare system already under high pressure after budget cuts and the COVID-19 epidemic. CONCLUSIONS: Throughout the assisted death process, the sources of distress are diverse and of a psychological, psychosocial, and structural nature. These results may lead to interventions for psychological and peer support, information, training, institutional involvement, and burden reduction.

Construcción de la alimentación en trayectorias vitales de personas mayores

Introducción: La alimentación se construye a partir de experiencias y significados adquiridos en el curso de la vida. Las personas mayores tienen un acervo importante que informa de valores y prácticas culturales aplicadas a la alimentación. El objetivo del estudio fue interpretar los significados que entregan personas mayores a la construcción de su alimentación en trayectorias del curso de vida. Métodos: La investigación utilizó un enfoque cualitativo de alcance exploratorio, utilizando el método de teoría fundamentada de Strauss y Corbin. Para la recolección de datos se aplicó una entrevista semiestructurada entre julio de 2021 y junio de 2022. El tipo de muestreo fue teórico y el análisis de los datos cualitativos respondió al proceso de codificación abierta, axial y selectiva. Resultados: Participaron 54 personas mayores (72% mujeres) con edad promedio de 68,6 años (6,9 años). Las personas mayores construyeron su alimentación con un alto significado a las comidas caseras, con influencia de género femenino durante la niñez y adolescencia. En la adultez, se reconstruye la alimentación al ingresar al mundo laboral. En la actualidad, cimentan la alimentación con un enfoque de cuidados para su salud. Reconocen transiciones y puntos de inflexión en la alimentación provocados por terremotos, pandemia por COVID-19, situación política en el país, embarazos o el diagnóstico de alguna enfermedad crónica. Discusión: Las personas mayores reconocen diversas vivencias en trayectorias vitales que han marcado sus patrones alimentarios. Estas experiencias de vida pueden ser la base de estrategias o acciones en la práctica clínica que aporten a su bienestar.

Introduction: Food is intricately woven into the fabric of our experiences and the meanings accumulated throughout life. Older people possess a rich cultural heritage that shapes the values and practices surrounding food.The aim of the study was to interpret the meanings attributed to older people to the construction of their feeding in life course trajectories. Methods: The research employed a qualitative exploratory approach, utilizing the Grounded Theory method developed by Strauss and Corbin. Data collection took place through semi-structured interviews conducted between July 2021 and June 2022. The sampling method employed was theoretical, and the analysis of qualitative data followed the open, axial, and selective coding process. Results: A total of 54 older individuals (72% women), with an average age of 68.6 years (6,9 years), participated in the study. These individuals constructed their relationship with food, assigning significant value to homemade meals, influenced by gender roles during childhood and adolescence. In adulthood, the relationship with food transformed with entry into the workforce. Currently, their feeding are guided by a health-centric approach. They recognize transitions and turning pointsin food provoked by earthquakes, pandemic by COVID-19, political situation in the country, pregnancies or the diagnosis of a chronic disease. Discussion: Older people recognize a multitude of life experiences that have left imprints on their eating patterns. These life experiences can be the basis for strategies or actions in clinical practice that contribute to their well-being.

Percepción de médicos especialistas sobre la usabilidad de una aplicación móvil de dengue en zonas rurales: un estudio cualitativo / Perception of medical specialists on the usability of a dengue mobile application in rural areas: a qualitative study

RESUMEN Introducción. Las aplicaciones móviles representan una alternativa prometedora para brindar soporte en la gestión de pacientes con dengue. Sin embargo, se desconoce la usabilidad de estas herramientas en el Perú. Objetivo. Evaluar la usabilidad y las recomendaciones de uso de la aplicación Dengue ONQOY en la gestión de pacientes con dengue en zonas rurales de Perú. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo que incluyó entrevistas semiestructuradas a 8 expertos en el tratamiento del dengue, los datos fueron codificados mediante el programa Atlas. Ti. Fueron evaluadas tres categorías: (1) usabilidad informativa, (2) usabilidad de diseño y (3) recomendaciones para su mejoramiento. Resultados. Se destacaron tres aspectos clave: (1) la aplicación es percibida como valiosa para los médicos de primer nivel en áreas periféricas con poca experiencia en dengue debido a su enfoque personalizado y valor académico; (2) se destacó su facilidad de uso y practicidad, aunque se señaló la limitación de la conectividad en algunas áreas; y, (3) se recomendó la inclusión de diagnósticos diferenciales, factores de riesgo adicionales, referencias actualizadas, guías de hidratación y dosis de medicamentos para mejorar la aplicación. Conclusión. Dengue ONQOY fue considerado altamente utilizable por médicos que atienden casos de dengue en el primer nivel de atención en Perú. A pesar de las limitaciones relacionadas con la conectividad y las posibles mejoras en su diseño, su desarrollo e implementación ofrecen una alternativa prometedora para el manejo de pacientes con Dengue en el país.

ABSTRACT Introduction. Mobile applications represent a promising alternative for providing support in the management of Dengue patients. However, the usability of these tools in Peru is unknown. Objectives. To evaluate the usability and usage recommendations of the Dengue ONQOY application in managing Dengue patients in rural areas of Peru. Methods. A qualitative study was conducted, which included semi-structured interviews with 8 experts in Dengue management. Data were coded using Atlas. Ti software. Three categories were assessed: (1) informative usability (2) design usability, and (3) recommendations for improvement. Results. Three key aspects were highlighted. (1) The application is perceived as valuable for first- level doctors in peripheral areas with limited Dengue experience due to its personalized approach and academic value. (2) Its ease of use and practicality were emphasized, although connectivity limitations in some areas were noted. (3) Recommendations for improvement included the inclusion of differential diagnoses, additional risk factors, updated references, hydration guidelines, and medication dosages. Conclusions. Dengue ONQOY is considered highly usable by doctors treating Dengue cases at the primary care level in Peru. Despite connectivity limitations and potential design improvements, its development and implementation offer a promising alternative for managing Dengue patients in the country in this field.

Acompañar una doble hospitalización en pandemia: la experiencia de padres con bebés hospitalizados mientras las madres se encuentran hospitalizadas por COVID-19 / Supporting a double hospitalization during the pandemic: The experience of fathers whose infants were hospitalized while their mothers were also hospitalized due to COVID-19

Introducción. La hospitalización de un hijo en la unidad de pacientes críticos neonatal puede ser altamente estresante para padres y madres, lo cual se intensificó en el contexto de la pandemia por COVID-19. A la fecha, no se han encontrado estudios que describan la experiencia de padres que vivieron la doble hospitalización simultánea de su pareja y de su hijo/a al nacer, durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Objetivos. Explorar la vivencia de los padres de tener a sus hijos/as hospitalizados en Neonatología mientras su pareja se encontraba hospitalizada por agravamiento de COVID-19. Población y método. Cuatro entrevistas semiestructuradas fueron realizadas y analizadas mediante un análisis interpretativo fenomenológico. Resultados. Se identificaron cuatro momentos cuando surgieron emociones específicas: a) inicio del contagio, b) hospitalización de la pareja, c) nacimiento del bebé y d) hospitalización del bebé. Culpa, miedo, angustia de muerte, soledad e incertidumbre aparecen muy tempranamente y luego se combinan con emociones como felicidad y empoderamiento, entre otras. La falta de contacto físico con sus parejas e hijos, y las fallas en la comunicación con los equipos de salud se destacan como factores que obstaculizan el ejercicio del rol paternal, mientras que una comunicación fluida con el equipo y una participación activa en los cuidados del bebé son factores protectores. Los padres cumplen una multiplicidad de roles, en la que prima el rol protector. Conclusiones. La comunicación y la atención centrada en la familia, y la participación activa en los cuidados de los bebés tienen el potencial de proteger contra el impacto de esta experiencia compleja de doble hospitalización.

Introduction. The hospitalization of a baby in the neonatal intensive care unit may be highly stressful for both mothers and fathers, and this was even more intense in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.To date, no studies have been found that describe the experience of fathers who underwent the simultaneous hospitalization of their partner and newborn infant during the COVID-19 pandemic. Objectives. To explore the experience of fathers who had their babies hospitalized in the Neonatal Unit while their partner were hospitalized due to worsening of COVID-19. Population and method. Four semi-structured interviews were conducted and analyzed using an interpretative phenomenological analysis. Results. Four moments were identified when specific emotions arose: a) onset of infection, b) partner hospitalization, c) baby birth, and d) baby hospitalization. Guilt, fear, death anxiety, loneliness, and uncertainty appear very early and are later combined with emotions such as happiness and empowerment, among others. The lack of physical contact with their partners and babies and failures in communication with the health care team stand out as factors that hinder the exercise of the paternal role, while an effective communication with the health care team and active participation in the baby's care are protective factors. Fathers fulfill multiple roles, the most important of which is their role as protectors. Conclusions. Family-centered communication and care and active involvement in baby care may potentially protect against the impact of this complex experience of double hospitalization.

[Abortion in Melilla: barriers to ocean and frontier]. / Aborto en Melilla: barreras de océano y frontera.

OBJECTIVE: To provide insights into the challenges faced by women seeking abortion services in Melilla, Spain. It seeks to describe the journey these women undertake and to identify and analyze the barriers they encounter in accessing abortion care. METHOD: A qualitative research approach was employed, involving a series of eight semi-structured interviews during 2022. Three interviews were conducted with national experts in the field of abortion, while five interviews were conducted with healthcare professionals from the Melilla Health Area who are directly involved in providing abortion services and supporting women throughout the process. The study was guided by a theoretical framework that focuses on barriers to abortion access and sexual and reproductive rights. The collected data was analyzed using content analysis and categorized based on key dimensions of the study. RESULTS: The study identified several significant barriers to abortion care access in Melilla. These include conscientious objection among healthcare providers, the geographical remoteness of Melilla, the legal challenges faced by Moroccan women due to their irregular status, and the requirement of parental consent for minors aged 16 and 17. Consequently, women seeking abortion services are forced to travel to mainland Spain, continue with undesired pregnancies, or resort to unsafe clandestine abortions in Morocco, thereby endangering their lives in the worst cases. CONCLUSIONS: The barriers to abortion access identified in this study represent a violation of women's reproductive rights in Melilla. Urgent action is required to review the current process, ensuring that access is improved and the right to safe abortion is guaranteed for all women residing in Melilla.

[Sexual violence and young people: "it is not something you are born with, but with what you learn"]. / Violencia sexual y jóvenes: «no es algo con lo que naces, sino con lo que aprendes¼.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the perceptions and experiences of young people in Spain about sexual violence (SV), its possible causes, victims and perpetrators.. METHOD: Qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews with 22 young people between 18 and 24 years old. A qualitative content analysis was carried out. RESULTS: In the juvenile narratives, the lack of definition and accuracy about what SV is stands out, except for mentioning rape, lack of consent and use of force in sexual relations. The girls, self-perceived as the main victims, also break with these narratives by providing a broader vision and gender inequalities related. In general, the most prevailed idea is that VS is perpetrated by men against women in heterosexual relationships inside and outside the couple. Regarding explanations, references coexist to both contextual factors (linked to gender inequalities and the social construction of sexual relationships) and behavioural factors (which includes the viewing of pornography). Tentatively proposals for improvement related to sexual and affective education emerge. CONCLUSIONS: In the perceptions of the young people, ambiguity seems to coexist with explicit references to the different ways in which it manifests itself and the influence of gender inequalities. Sex and life experience appear to influence these narratives. It is necessary to promote a more critical perspective on the social construction of SV and intimate relationships in the young population.

Web 2.0 as a new support for breastfeeding: Perception of mothers and professionals through a qualitative approach.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this paper is to explore the influence of Web 2.0 as a complementary support network to traditional networks for the promotion of breastfeeding (BF). METHOD: Qualitative and exploratory study carried out from September 8 to December 31, 2022, at the Las Vegas Health Centre (Corvera), Health Service of the Principality of Asturias (SESPA). The participants were 5 professional experts in BF and 7 breastfeeding mothers, who made up two focus groups, selected by convenience sampling. The analysis consisted of transcription of data, in-depth reading, analysis by grouping concepts and classification of the information into categories. RESULTS: After the final analysis, seven categories were identified, organised according to the proximity of the topic and the proposed objective, based on the most significant discourses of the study: difficulties during BF, importance of receiving help: first support networks, other support networks, A health system with deficiencies, pandemic and BF 2.0, Health 2.0 and apps in BF: new form of support and characteristics of an "ideal" app on BF. CONCLUSIONS: Web 2.0 has revolutionised the way mothers access information and support on BF, creating an online support network connecting mothers and professionals around the world, providing up-to-date information and enabling a source of emotional support through the creation of peer groups. This positive influence of Web 2.0 has had a significant impact on promoting BF and empowering mothers to make informed decisions about their breastfeeding process.

O guia brasileiro de atividade física: análise a partir da concepção ampliada de saúde / The brazilian guidelines to physical activity: analysis from the expanded conception of health / La guía brasileña de actividad física: análisis desde la concepción ampliada de la salud

Trata-se de uma pesquisa de caráter documental, com abordagem descritiva e exploratória, com o objetivo de analisar o conteúdo do Guia de Atividade Física para a População Brasileira (GAFPB) a partir da concepção ampliada de saúde. As categorias identificadas foram: Bem-estar e qualidade de vida; Socialização e fortalecimento de vínculos; Autonomia e empoderamento; Participação Social; Ampliação do acesso e complexidades envolvidas. Já as ausências foram: o conceito de saúde no qual o GAFPB foi baseado; associação a um profissional específico; questões relacionadas a populações vulneráveis. Em conclusão, foi possível identificar a presença da concepção ampliada de saúde no GAFPB ao observar o questionamento do privilégio da dimensão biológica e do caráter impositivo e normativo de intervir, se aproximar do debate sobre o desenvolvimento humano e pela relativização do enfoque na quantidade de atividades físicas que deve ser realizada.

This is documentary research with a descriptive and exploratory approach, the objective was to analyze in a categorical-thematic way the content of the Physical Activity Guidelines for the Brazilian Population (GAFPB) based on the expanded conception of health. The categories identified were: Well-being and quality of life; Socialization and strengthening of bonds; Autonomy and empowerment; Social Participation; Expansion of access and complexities involved. The absences were the presentation of the concept of health on which the GAFPB was based; association with a specific professional; issues related to vulnerable populations. In conclusion, it was possible to identify the presence of the expanded conception of health in the GAFPB by questioning the privilege of the biological dimension and the imposing and normative character of intervening, approaching the debate on human development and relativizing the focus on the amount of physical activities that must be performed.

Se trata de una investigación documental con abordaje descriptivo y exploratorio, el objetivo fue analizar de forma categórica-temática el contenido de la Guía de Actividad Física para la Población Brasileña (GAFPB) a partir de la concepción ampliada de la salud. Las categorías identificadas fueron: Bienestar y calidad de vida; Socialización y fortalecimiento de vínculos; Autonomía y empoderamiento; Participación social; Ampliación de acceso y complejidades involucradas. Las ausencias fueron la presentación del concepto de salud en el que se basó la GAFPB; vinculación con un profesional específico; temas relacionados con las poblaciones vulnerables. En conclusión, fue posible identificar la presencia de la concepción ampliada de la salud en el GAFPB al cuestionar el privilegio de la dimensión biológica y el carácter imponente y normativo de intervenir, acercándose al debate sobre el desarrollo humano y relativizando el enfoque en la cantidad de actividades físicas deben ser realizadas.

Compreensão de crianças e pré-adolescentes sobre forças de caráter: um estudo qualitativo / La comprensión de niños y pre-adolescentes sobre las fortalezas de carácter: un estudio cualitativo / Children and pre-adolescents' comprehension of character strengths: a qualitative study

RESUMO. Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar o conhecimento de crianças e pré-adolescentes em relação aos termos que designam as forças de caráter e compreender como percebem a expressão desses traços nos próprios comportamentos e nos de outras pessoas. Foram entrevistados 17 participantes, de oito a 13 anos (M = 10,6; DP = 1,5). Para cada força foram feitas sete perguntas, que investigavam a definição do termo e exemplos da expressão da força nos outros e nos próprios entrevistados. As entrevistas foram gravadas e transcritas para análise de conteúdo, ao fim gerando categorias para cada força. As forças descritas com maior facilidade pelos participantes e suas respectivas definições foram criatividade (capacidade de criar coisas), curiosidade e amor ao aprendizado (busca de conhecimento e novas experiências), honestidade (falar a verdade), amor (comportamento de dar carinho), bondade (ajudar e cuidar do outro), trabalho em equipe (realização de trabalhos colaborativos em brincadeiras ou atividades escolares), perdão (08 categorias a respeito de sua definição, sem destaque para alguma) e esperança (desejar acontecimento futuro). Esses achados podem tornar mais acessível o desenvolvimento e a avaliação das forças nessa faixa etária.

RESUMEN. Este estudio buscó analizar el conocimiento de niños y pre-adolescentes sobre los términos que fueron designados como fortalezas de carácter, y comprender cómo perciben estos rasgos en sus proprios comportamientos y en los de otras personas. Diecisiete participantes entre ocho y trece años fueron entrevistados (M = 10.6; SD = 1.5). Para cada fortaleza, se hicieron siete preguntas, que investigaron la definición del término y ejemplos prácticos de su expresión. Las entrevistas fueron grabadas y transcritas para el análisis de contenido, creando categorías para cada fortaleza. Las fortalezas descritas por los participantes con mayor facilidad y sus respectivas definiciones fueron: creatividad (capacidad de crear cosas), curiosidad y amor por el aprendizaje (búsqueda de conocimiento y nuevas experiencias), honestidad (decir la verdad), amor (comportamientos afectivos), amabilidad (ayudar y cuidar a los demás), trabajo en equipo (desempeño del trabajo colaborativo en juegos o actividades escolares), perdón (ocho categorías con respecto a su definición, sin énfasis en ninguna) y esperanza (deseo por un evento futuro). Estos hallazgos pueden facilitar el desarrollo y la evaluación de las fortalezas con este grupo de edad.

ABSTRACT This study aims to analyze the children and pre-adolescents' knowledge regarding terms that designate character strengths and to understand how they perceive the expression of these traits in their and other people's behavior. Seventeen participants aged eight to thirteen were interviewed (M = 10.6; SD = 1.5). For each strength, seven questions were asked, which investigated the definition and examples of the strength expression. The interviews were recorded and transcribed for content analysis, generating categories for each strength. The strengths most easily described by the participants and their respective definitions were: creativity (ability to create things), curiosity and love for learning (searching for knowledge and new experiences), honesty (speaking the truth), love (acts involving affection), kindness (helping and caring for others), teamwork (collaborative works in games or school activities), forgiveness (eight categories regarding their definition, without highlighting any) and hope (longing for a future event). These findings may make developing and evaluating character strengths in this age group more accessible.

Why are pregnant women physically inactive? A qualitative study on the beliefs and perceptions about physical activity during pregnancy / Por que as gestantes não são fisicamente ativas? Um estudo qualitativo sobre as crenças e percepções em relação à atividade física durante a gestação / ¿Por qué las mujeres embarazadas no hacen actividad física? Un estudio cualitativo sobre las creencias y percepciones relacionadas con la actividad física durante el embarazo

This study aimed to describe the beliefs and perceptions of pregnant women and healthcare providers about physical activity during pregnancy. Using a qualitative approach, 30 pregnant women and the 14 healthcare providers caring for them were interviewed in the second trimester of pregnancy. We included women who maintained, decreased, or stopped physical activity since becoming pregnant. They were divided into low (≤ 8 years) and high schooling (> 8 years). Semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted and guided by three key questions: (1) When does physical activity during pregnancy start to be considered a wrong behavior?; (2) What are the main barriers (biological or others) to physical activity?; and (3) Do the actions of healthcare providers and people close to pregnant women reinforce barriers? Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and analyzed based on recurring themes. All women changed their physical activity behavior (decreased or stopped) when they discovered their pregnancy. Fear of miscarriage, contractions, bleeding, and of causing malformations in the baby were the most reported reasons for decreasing or stopping physical activity. Participants also lacked access to consistent information and healthcare providers' support on the benefits of physical activity. Despite the current international recommendations to regular physical activity during pregnancy, uncertainty regarding its benefits remains. Interventions to promote physical activity during this period should include the training of healthcare providers so they can advise and discard ideas contrary to mother-child health benefits.

Este estudo objetivou descrever as crenças e percepções de gestantes e profissionais de saúde em relação a prática de atividade física durante a gestação. Usando uma abordagem qualitativa, 30 gestantes e 14 profissionais de saúde que atendiam essas mulheres foram entrevistados durante o segundo trimestre de gravidez. Foram incluídas mulheres que mantiveram, diminuíram ou pararam de praticar atividade física desde o início gravidez. Elas foram divididas em baixa (≤ 8 anos) e alta escolaridade (> 8 anos). Foram conduzidas entrevistas semiestruturadas e aprofundadas, orientadas por três perguntas-chave: (1) Quando a atividade física durante a gestação passa a ser considerada um comportamento errado? (2) Quais as principais barreiras (biológicas ou outras) para a prática de atividade física? (3) Estas barreiras são reforçadas pelas ações dos profissionais de saúde e das pessoas próximas à gestante? As entrevistas foram gravadas em áudio, transcritas e analisadas a partir de temas recorrentes. Todas as mulheres mudaram a prática de atividade física (diminuíram ou pararam) quando souberam da gravidez. O medo de aborto espontâneo, contrações e/ou sangramento e o medo de causar malformações no bebê foram os motivos mais relatados para diminuir ou parar a atividade física. Os participantes também não tiveram acesso a informações confiáveis e apoio dos profissionais de saúde sobre os benefícios da atividade física. Apesar das recomendações internacionais atuais para a prática regular de atividade física durante a gestação, a incerteza quanto aos seus benefícios continua sendo comum. As intervenções para promover a atividade física durante esse período devem incluir o treinamento de profissionais de saúde para que eles possam aconselhar e descartar ideias contrárias aos benefícios para a saúde materna e infantil.

El objetivo de este estudio fue describir las creencias y percepciones de mujeres embarazadas y profesionales de la salud con respecto a la práctica de actividad física durante el embarazo. Utilizando un enfoque cualitativo, se entrevistaron 30 mujeres embarazadas y 14 profesionales de salud que cuidaban a estas mujeres durante el segundo trimestre del embarazo. Se incluyeron mujeres que mantuvieron, redujeron o dejaron de practicar actividad física desde el inicio del embarazo. Ellas se dividieron en baja (≤ 8 años) y alta escolaridad (> 8 años). Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas y en profundidad, guiadas por tres preguntas clave: (1) ¿Cuándo se considera que la actividad física durante el embarazo es un comportamiento incorrecto? (2) ¿Cuáles son las barreras (biológicas u otras) principales para la práctica de actividad física? (3) ¿Estas barreras se refuerzan por las acciones de los profesionales de salud y de las personas cercanas a la mujer embarazada? Las entrevistas fueron grabadas en audio, transcritas y analizadas a partir de temas recurrentes. Todas las mujeres cambiaron la práctica de actividad física (redujeron o dejaron de practicarla) cuando descubrieron el embarazo. El miedo a sufrir un aborto espontáneo, contracciones y/o sangrado y el miedo a provocar malformaciones en el bebé fueron los motivos más relatados para reducir o dejar de practicar la actividad física. Los participantes también no han tenido acceso a informaciones confiables ni apoyo de los profesionales de salud sobre los beneficios de la actividad física. A pesar de las recomendaciones internacionales actuales para la práctica regular de actividad física durante el embarazo, la incertidumbre cuanto a sus beneficios sigue siendo común. Las intervenciones para promover la actividad física durante este periodo deben incluir la capacitación de profesionales de salud para que puedan aconsejar y descartar ideas contrarias a los beneficios para la salud materna e infantil.

Mapping the literature on the qualitative approach to childhood asthma from 1996 to 2018: a bibliometric analysis / Mapeo de la literatura sobre el enfoque cualitativo del asma infantil desde 1996 hasta 2018: un análisis bibliométrico

Resumo Objectives: to describe the scientific production of qualitative studies in childhood asthma. Methods: bibliometric analysis. Articles were from Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane, and PubMed (1996-2018), using the search terms asthma, children, qualitative research, qualitative study, qualitative analysis, ethnographic, phenomenology and narrative. Results: 258 articles were retrieved from 143 journals, representing 1.2% of scientific articles on childhood asthma. The growth rate was high. Authorship included 969 authors (85.3% occasional) from 279 institutions. 94.2% were co-authored and 3.5% were international collaborations. The greatest number of articles were from the United States (45.3%), United Kingdom (17.4%) and Canada (7.4%). The categories with the highest number of articles were Nursing & Public, Environmental & Occupational Health (18.2%), Respiratory System (10.1%) and Allergy (7.7%). 99.7% of the articles were in English. Conclusion: these results show a lack of consolidation of the literature based on qualitative studies on childhood asthma with a high percentage of occasional authors and limited international collaboration, indicating a need to strengthen this approach.

Resumen Objetivos: describir la producción científica de los estudios cualitativos sobre el asma infantil. Métodos: análisis bibliométrico. Los artículos procedían de Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane y PubMed (1996-2018), utilizando los términos de búsqueda asthma, children, qualitative research, qualitative study, qualitative analysis, ethnographic, phenomenology y narrative. Resultados: se recuperaron 258 artículos de 143 revistas, lo que representa el 1,2% de los artículos científicos sobre asma infantil. La tasa de crecimiento fue elevada. La autoría incluyó 969 autores (85,3% ocasionales) de 279 instituciones. El 94,2% fueron coautores y el 3,5% colaboraciones internacionales. El mayor número de artículos procedió de Estados Unidos (45,3%), Reino Unido (17,4%) y Canadá (7,4%). Las categorías con mayor número de artículos fueron Enfermería y Salud Pública, Ambiental y Ocupacional (18,2%), Aparato Respiratorio (10,1%) y Alergia (7,7%). El 99,7% de los artículos estaban en inglés. Conclusión: estos resultados muestran una falta de consolidación de la literatura basada en estudios cualitativos sobre el asma infantil, con un alto porcentaje de autores ocasionales y una limitada colaboración internacional, lo que indica la necesidad de reforzar este enfoque.

Adolescentes a vivenciar o cancro parental: um estudo qualitativo / Adolescents experiencing parental cancer: a qualitative study / Adolescentes que experimentan cáncer en sus padres: un estudio cualitativo

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar necessidades dos adolescentes vivenciando o cancro parental. Método: estudo qualitativo exploratório e descritivo. Coleta de dados foi realizada através de entrevistas semiestruturadas em 2021. Amostra de conveniência foi composta por adolescentes dos 14-19 anos, com pais com doença oncológica na fase de tratamento, acompanhados em um hospital oncológico português. Tratamento de dados foi realizado com recurso à análise de conteúdo. Resultados: da análise das 13 entrevistas, emergiram cinco domínios: Confronto com a doença; Conhecimento sobre a doença; Experiências anteriores com a doença oncológica; Vivência do cancro parental; e Alterações somáticas. Os resultados evidenciam que os adolescentes vivenciando cancro parental apresentam necessidades emocionais, educacionais e psicossociais. Conclusão: este estudo permitiu conhecer as necessidades dos adolescentes, compreendendo as dificuldades sentidas e os desafios que a experiência acarreta. Os resultados permitirão sustentar o desenho de um programa de intervenção de enfermagem para a díade que vivencia o cancro parental.

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the needs of adolescents experiencing parental cancer. Method: an exploratory and descriptive qualitative study. Data collection was carried out through semi-structured interviews in 2021. The convenience sample was composed of adolescents aged 14-19, with parents with oncological disease in the treatment phase, followed in a Portuguese oncology hospital. Data processing was carried out using content analysis. Results: from the analysis of the 13 interviews, five domains emerged: Coping with the disease; Knowledge about the disease; Previous experiences with the oncological disease; Experiencing parental cancer; and Somatic changes. The results show that adolescents experiencing parental cancer have emotional, educational and psychosocial needs. Conclusion: this study allowed us to understand adolescents' needs, understanding the difficulties experienced and the challenges that the experience entails. The results will support the design of a nursing intervention program for the dyad experiencing parental cancer.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar las necesidades de los adolescentes que experimentan cáncer en sus padres. Método: estudio cualitativo exploratorio y descriptivo. La recolección de datos se realizó mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas en 2021. La muestra por conveniencia estuvo compuesta por adolescentes de 14 a 19 años, con padres con enfermedad oncológica en fase de tratamiento, seguidos en un hospital oncológico portugués. El procesamiento de los datos se realizó mediante análisis de contenido. Resultados: del análisis de las 13 entrevistas surgieron cinco dominios: Enfrentamiento a la enfermedad; Conocimiento sobre la enfermedad; Experiencias previas con la enfermedad oncológica; Experiencia del cáncer de los padres; y Cambios somáticos. Los resultados muestran que los adolescentes que padecen cáncer en sus padres tienen necesidades emocionales, educativas y psicosociales. Conclusión: este estudio permitió comprender las necesidades de los adolescentes, comprendiendo las dificultades vividas y los desafíos que conlleva la experiencia. Los resultados apoyarán el diseño de un programa de intervención de enfermería para la díada que sufre cáncer en sus padres.

O cuidado ao paciente com câncer sob a ótica de enfermeiros da atenção primária à saúde / Cancer patient care from the perspective of primary health care nurses / La atención al paciente oncológico desde la perspectiva de los enfermeros de atención primaria a la salud

RESUMO Objetivo: descrever a percepção de enfermeiros sobre o cuidado ao paciente com câncer na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Método: estudo qualitativo, desenvolvido em 26 Centros de Saúde da Família de um município do Oeste catarinense - Brasil, entre setembro e outubro de 2022. Participaram 33 enfermeiros, que responderam um questionário on-line. O texto foi interpretado com base nos preceitos conceituais da cultura organizacional da teoria administrativa de Chiavenatto. Questões objetivas foram analisadas pela frequência das respostas; para as dissertativas, utilizou-se o Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Resultados: os enfermeiros percebem-se despreparados e identificam ausência de protocolos e fluxos organizacionais. Considerações finais: na Atenção Primária à Saúde há a crença consolidada no cotidiano laboral e que se torna integrante da cultura organizacional dos serviços de saúde, que o paciente com câncer deve seguir para o cuidado especializado. Nota-se desconhecimento das políticas de saúde, o que implica o profissional na atenção ao paciente com câncer.

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe nurses' perceptions of cancer patient care in Primary Health Care. Method: A qualitative study was conducted in 26 Family Health Centers in a municipality in western Santa Catarina - Brazil, between September and October 2022. A total of 33 nurses took part and completed an online questionnaire. The text was interpreted based on the conceptual precepts of organizational culture from Chiavenatto's administrative theory. The frequency of responses analyzed objective questions; the Collective Subject Discourse was used for the essay questions. Results: Nurses perceive themselves as unprepared and identify a lack of protocols and organizational flows. Final considerations: In primary Health Care, there is a belief consolidated in everyday work and becomes part of the organizational culture of health services, that cancer patients should go on to specialist care. There is a lack of knowledge of health policies, which implicates professionals in caring for cancer patients.

RESUMEN Objetivo: describir las percepciones de los enfermeros sobre la atención al paciente oncológico en Atención Primaria. Método: estudio cualitativo realizado en 26 Centros de Salud de la Familia de un municipio del oeste de Santa Catarina - Brasil, entre septiembre y octubre de 2022. Participaron 33 enfermeros que cumplimentaron un cuestionario en línea. El texto se interpretó basándose en los preceptos conceptuales de la cultura organizativa de la teoría administrativa de Chiavenatto. Las preguntas objetivas se analizaron por la frecuencia de las respuestas; para las preguntas de ensayo, se utilizó el discurso del sujeto colectivo. Resultados: los enfermeros no se sienten preparados e identifican una falta de protocolos y flujos organizativos. Consideraciones finales: en Atención Primaria existe la creencia, consolidada en el trabajo diario y que se ha convertido en parte integrante de la cultura organizativa de los servicios sanitarios, de que los pacientes con cáncer deben pasar a la atención especializada. Existe un desconocimiento de las políticas sanitarias, que implica a los profesionales en la atención a los pacientes con cáncer.

Miscelânea de sentimentos: reflexões de quem sobreviveu a covid-19 / Mixture of feelings: reflections of those who survived covid-19 / Mezcla de sentimientos: reflejos de quienes sobrevivieron al covid-19

O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender os sentimentos atribuídos à pandemia da COVID-19 por indivíduos que vivenciaram a doença. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo que utilizou como referencial teórico o Interacionismo Simbólico e metodológico a Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados vertente construtivista, realizado em um município de médio porte situado na região noroeste do Paraná. A coleta de dados ocorreu no período de abril a novembro de 2021, por meio de entrevistas individuais mediadas por tecnologias. Os informantes foram 19 indivíduos hospitalizados pela COVID-19. A análise seguiu a codificação aberta e focalizada proposta pelo método. Os resultados demonstram como houve a ressignificação da pandemia da COVID-19 por indivíduos hospitalizados pela doença, sendo que este momento levou a uma maior valorização da vida e mudanças comportamentais. Conclui-se que os sentimentos revelaram uma nova percepção de vida diante do contexto da pandemia de COVID-19, com alterações de rotinas, sentimentos e readaptações, o que gerou o desenvolvimento de estratégias de enfrentamento.

The objective of this study was to understand the feelings attributed to the COVID-19 pandemic by individuals who experienced the disease. This is a qualitative study that used Symbolic and methodological Interactionism as a theoretical framework, the Data-Based Theory, constructivist aspect, carried out in a medium-sized municipality located in the northwest region of Paraná. Data collection took place from April to November 2021, through individual interviews mediated by technology. The informants were 19 individuals hospitalized by COVID-19. The analysis followed the open and focused coding proposed by the method. The results demonstrate how the COVID-19 pandemic was given new meaning by individuals hospitalized for the disease, and this moment led to a greater appreciation of life and behavioral changes. It is concluded that the feelings revealed a new perception of life, given the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, with changes in routines, feelings and readaptations, which generated the development of coping strategies.

El objetivo de este estudio fue comprender los sentimientos atribuidos a la pandemia de COVID-19 por parte de las personas que vivieron la enfermedad. Se trata de un estudio cualitativo que utilizó como marco teórico el Interaccionismo simbólico y metodológico, la Teoría Basada en Datos, vertiente constructivista, realizado en un municipio de mediano tamaño ubicado en la región noroeste de Paraná. La recolección de datos se realizó de abril a noviembre de 2021, a través de entrevistas individuales mediadas por tecnología. Los informantes fueron 19 personas hospitalizadas por COVID-19. El análisis siguió la codificación abierta y enfocada propuesta por el método. Los resultados demuestran cómo las personas hospitalizadas por la enfermedad dieron un nuevo significado a la pandemia de COVID-19, y este momento condujo a una mayor apreciación de la vida y cambios de comportamiento. Se concluye que los sentimientos revelaron una nueva percepción de la vida, dado el contexto de pandemia COVID-19, con cambios en rutinas, sentimientos y readaptaciones, que generaron el desarrollo de estrategias de afrontamiento.