(Dis)satisfaction With Body Image, Lifestyles and Life Satisfaction in Higher Education Students / (In)satisfacción con la imagen corporal, estilos de vida y satisfacción con la vida en estudiantes de enseñanza superior

Abstract Objective: Body image is a predictor of physical, psychological, and social health. Therefore, it can be an indicator for detecting health problems, to be used in the context of higher education. The aim of this study was to assess body image satisfaction in higher education students and to determine whether body image dissatisfaction is related to lifestyle behaviours and life satisfaction. Methodology: This study included 166 Portuguese higher education students. Body image was assessed using the Figure Rating Scale. Active choices during everyday life were assessed using the Active Choice Index. The questionnaire also included questions about sleep behaviour and tobacco and alcohol consumption. Satisfaction with Life was assessed using a five-item scale previously adapted for the Portuguese population. Results: There was a predominance of boys dissatisfied with thinness (26.10%), while the majority of girls revealed that they were dissatisfied due to being overweight (55.70%). The results indicate statistically significant differences between boys and girls in terms of body image categories (p<0.001). However, when we analysed the behaviours separately according to gender, there were no differences. Active behaviours, as well as the other health behaviours analysed (hours of sleep per week and alcohol and tobacco consumption) did not differ between the different levels of body image satisfaction (p>0.05). Conclusion: Most of the students are dissatisfied with their body image, with the majority of girls showing dissatisfaction due to being overweight. Lifestyles and life satisfaction do not differ between students who are satisfied and those who are dissatisfied with their body image.

Resumen Objetivo: La imagen corporal es un factor predictivo de la salud psicológica, física y social. Por lo tanto, puede ser un indicador para detectar problemas de salud, para utilizar en el contexto de la educación superior. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la satisfacción con la imagen corporal en estudiantes de enseñanza superior y determinar si la insatisfacción con la imagen corporal está relacionada con los comportamientos de estilo de vida y la satisfacción con la vida. Metodología: En este estudio participaron 166 estudiantes portugueses de enseñanza superior. La imagen corporal se evaluó mediante la escala Figure Rating Scale. Las elecciones activas durante la vida cotidiana se evaluaron mediante el Active Choice Index. El cuestionario también incluía preguntas sobre el comportamiento durante el sueño y el consumo de tabaco y alcohol. La satisfacción con la vida se evaluó mediante una escala de cinco ítems previamente adaptada a la población portuguesa. Resultados: Predominaron los chicos insatisfechos por delgadez (26.10%), mientras que la mayoría de las chicas revelaron estar insatisfechas por sobrepeso (55.70%). Los resultados indican diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre chicos y chicas en cuanto a las categorías de imagen corporal (p<0.001). Sin embargo, al analizar los comportamientos por separado en función del sexo, no se observaron diferencias. Las conductas activas, así como las demás conductas de salud analizadas (horas de sueño semanales y consumo de alcohol y tabaco) no difirieron entre los distintos niveles de satisfacción con la imagen corporal (p>0.05). Conclusiones: La mayoría de los estudiantes están insatisfechos con su imagen corporal, siendo mayoritaria la insatisfacción de las chicas por sobrepeso. Los estilos de vida y la satisfacción vital no difieren entre los alumnos satisfechos y los insatisfechos con su imagen corporal.

Stakeholder perceptions of physical literacy: results from a national consultation in England.

Background: There is a lack of evidence of stakeholder perspective and understanding of physical literacy among relevant stakeholders from England. As part of research commissioned by Sport England to develop a physical literacy consensus statement for England, this study presents findings from the first national consultation with stakeholders in England. Methods: One hundred and ninety-three individual stakeholders (50.3%) from education, community sport, national governing bodies of sport, physical activity and sport coaching sectors completed an online survey consisting of fixed item and open ended questions designed to examine their knowledge, understanding, perceptions and practices relating to physical literacy. Results: Responses from stakeholders suggested there was confusion in use of the term physical literacy in practice and confusion regarding the definition of physical literacy. Most respondents suggested they were involved in physical literacy related activity and understood the term. However, when probed the physical literacy related activity they referred to was likely not actually physical literacy related. Understanding of the term physical literacy was inconsistent in general. Stakeholders considered the affective, social, physical and cognitive areas (domains) of learning to be most important for developing a positive relationship with movement, sport and physical activity for life. Conclusions: While stakeholders are aware of the term "physical literacy" and hold value of it within their practice, there remain key misconceptions relating to what physical literacy is, and debate as to whether any existing definitions truly capture the construct of physical literacy.

The effect of cumulative exposure with unhealthy lifestyles on the H-type hypertension among Chinese adults: a community-based, propensity-score-matched, and case-control study.

Objective: To assess whether cumulative exposure of unhealthy lifestyles is associated with HTH in Chinese adults and to explore the combination of unhealthy lifestyles. Methods: This study combined a community-based cross-sectional study with a 1:1 matched case-control study using propensity scores among adults in six randomly selected districts from Hunan Province, China. We recruited 5,258 people, of whom 4,012 met the criteria. Lifestyles and personal characteristics were collected by a questionnaire. Lifestyle score was calculated using cigarette smoking, heavy alcohol consumption, inactive exercise, unhealthy diet and abnormal BMI. HTH was defined as having a diagnosis of essential hypertension with Hcy ≥ 15 umol/L. Logistic regression models and multivariate analyses were used to explore the associations. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) and attributable risk proportion (ARP) for the association of HTH with lifestyle score. The dose-response relationship was evaluated using restricted cubic splines method. Results: Of the 4,012 adults, 793 had HTH, with a population prevalence of 19.8%. In the propensity-score-matched case-control study, 1,228 (614 cases and 614 controls) were included, and those with at least four unhealthy lifestyle factors had a higher risk of HTH than those with 0 unhealthy lifestyle factor (adjusted OR = 2.60, 95%CI:1.42-4.78), with an ARP of the cumulative exposure of unhealthy lifestyle was 28.23% (95% CI: 6.34-37.86%). For three unhealthy lifestyles group, the combination of heavy alcohol consumption, unhealthy diet and BMI ≥24 Kg/m2 was most associated with HTH (OR = 7.49, 95%CI: 1.12-50.08). For four unhealthy lifestyles group, the combination of smoking, heavy alcohol consumption, unhealthy diet and BMI ≥24 Kg/m2 had the greatest correlation with HTH (OR = 3.75, 95%CI: 1.24-7.38). Notably, there was a monotonically increasing curve (J-shaped) relationship between unhealthy lifestyles and the risk of HTH (p = 0.014). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that there was a significant cumulative exposure effect of unhealthy lifestyles on the risk of HTH, with the largest effect combination being heavy alcohol consumption, unhealthy diet and BMI ≥24 Kg/m2. Targeted interventions that reducing heavy alcohol consumption, quitting smoking, promoting physical activity and a healthy diet, and keep a normal BMI could substantially reduce the burden of HTH.

Telehealth Lifestyle Pilot Study for Improving Occupational Performance in Older Adults.

Occupation-centered lifestyle interventions improve health and delay age-related declines in older adults; however, little is known about the impact of a brief telehealth lifestyle program delivered individually. This pilot investigated the Holistic Occupational Performance Empowerment (HOPE) program on occupational performance and health-related quality of life. Twelve community-dwelling older adults completed six weekly lifestyle sessions to enhance behavior change toward individualized health goals. Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS) and the Short Form 20-Item Survey (SF-20) were administered preintervention and postintervention to measure program outcomes. Among 36 health-related goals, 69.4% achieved or exceeded the expected level of attainment. A paired samples t-test revealed statistically higher posttest GAS scores compared with pretest scores, indicating significant improvements in occupational performance. SF-20 mental health scores increased postintervention, although not significantly. Preliminary findings suggest that HOPE could positively impact occupational performance in community-dwelling older adults warranting a future large-scale randomized controlled trial.

Virtual Program for Improving Healthy Lifestyles in SeniorsPrevious occupational therapy (OT) programs focusing on lifestyle (e.g., physical activity, stress management) have been successful in improving the health of seniors living independently in the community; however, little is known about lifestyle programs delivered virtually (i.e., videoconferencing over the computer). This article examines the meaningful daily activities of seniors before and after participation in a 6-week virtual OT lifestyle program. Twelve seniors participated in the program which included goal setting, problem-solving, health education, and reflection. Each participant focused on three personalized goals for a healthier lifestyle throughout the program. Nearly 70% of goals achieved or exceeded the expectations of the seniors. This initial finding shows that the virtual OT lifestyle program can positively impact seniors and support healthy aging. More research is needed to determine if the results can be replicated with other seniors, including those from diverse backgrounds and living situations.

Prevalence of Major Risk Factors and Assessment of 10-Year Risk for Cardiovascular Diseases Among Adults in Yaoundé, Cameroon: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Objective This study aimed to assess the prevalence of major risk factors for cardiovascular disease and the 10-year cardiovascular risk in an adult population residing in Yaoundé, Cameroon. Methodology We conducted a cross-sectional survey in 10 purposively selected neighbourhoods of Yaoundé, involving one adult per household who consented to participate. We collected data on personal and family history, lifestyle and nutritional habits, anthropometric parameters, and blood pressure, and calculated prevalence rates with 95% CI. Results The study involved 411 participants (172 males) with a median age of 28 years (IQR 23-40 years). Prevalence of CVD risk factors in our study population were family history of heart attack (4.4%; 95% CI 2.8-6.8%), stroke (7.5%; 95% CI 5.3-10.5%), harmful alcohol consumption (40.4%; 95% CI 35.8-45.3%), current smoking (5.1%; 95% CI 3.3-7.7%), second-hand smoking (26.6%; 95% CI 22.6-31.1%), low physical activity (66.4; 95% CI 61.7- 70.8%), inadequate fruit/vegetable intake (36.6%; 95% CI 31.4-42.1%), self-reported anxiety (83.5%; 95% CI 79.6-86.8%) and depression (52.3%; 95% CI 47.4-57.1%), overweight (27.0%, 95% CI 22.9 to 31.5%), obesity (25.1%, 95% CI 21.1 to 29.5%), abdominal obesity (65.9%; 95% CI 61.1-70.2%), excess body fat (46.3%; 95% CI 41.4-51.1%), suspected prehypertension (58.3%; 95% CI 51.1-65%) and hypertension (41.8%; 95% CI 35-48.9%). Furthermore, 40% of overall participants had a moderate-to-high 10-year CVD risk. Independent factors such as a personal history of other chronic diseases and parental history of either diabetes or hypertension combined with behaviours like harmful alcohol consumption and mean blood pressure might significantly influence the cardiovascular risk of our study population Conclusion In Yaoundé, Cameroon, many adults have major risk factors for cardiovascular disease, with nearly one-third of young adults at moderate to high risk of developing CVD within the next decade. Thus, it is crucial to implement targeted interventions to mitigate the risk of CVD.

[Changes in dietary habits in relation to multiple sclerosis diagnosis]. / Cambios en los hábitos alimentarios en relación con el diagnóstico de esclerosis múltiple.

INTRODUCTION: Diet in people with multiple sclerosis (pcMS) is of interest due to its potential benefit. The objective is to evaluate the changes in eating habits in pcEM, their opinion, sources of information, perception of effect and quality of current diet. METHODS: Cross-sectional observational study based on an online survey. The pcEM were convened by a patient association (ALCEM). Demographic, disease, and dietary change data were collected. Diet quality was assessed with the modified Cardiovascular Diet Questionnaire-2 (CDQ-2). RESULTS: Two hundred and eight pcEM, 82% women, age: 41.5 (± 10.9), 47% reported changes in diet, of these 52% maintained an omnivorous diet (vs. 85% p>0.01), 14% gluten-free, 9% ketogenic/low carbohydrate, 5% lacto-ovo vegetarian, 4% pescetarian. The percentage of overweight was lower, and the quality of the diet was better (more fruits and vegetables, less saturated fat, more unsaturated fat) among those who modified their diet compared to those who did not (CDQ-2: 10.2(7.6) vs. 3.9(6.5) p<0.01), including in those who remained omnivores (CDQ-2: 8.1(6.7) vs. 4.1(6.1) p<0. 01). The 83% maintained the change, with 92% perceiving positive results. Main source of information: Doctor or nutritionist: 39%. There was discordance between the information received from the treating neurologists and their own opinion and expectations. DISCUSSION: The pcEM made changes in their eating habits, resulting in healthy eating, although only 40% had their doctor or nutritionist as an informant. More studies on the topic and a multidisciplinary approach are necessary.

Introducción: La alimentación en personas con esclerosis múltiple (pcEM) reviste interés por su potencial beneficio. El objetivo es evaluar los cambios en hábitos alimentarios en pcEM, su opinión, fuentes de información, percepción de efecto y calidad de alimentación actual. Métodos: Estudio observacional transversal basado en una encuesta online. Las pcEM fueron convocadas por una asociación de pacientes (ALCEM). Se recolectaron datos demográficos, de la enfermedad y del cambio en la dieta. La calidad de la alimentación se evaluó con el Cuestionario de Dieta Cardiovascular-2 modificado (CDQ-2). Resultados: Doscientos ocho pcEM, 82% mujeres, edad: 41.5 (± 10.9), 47% refirieron cambios en la alimentación, de éstos el 52% mantiene dieta omnívora (vs. 85% p>0.01), 14% libre de gluten, 9% cetogénica/ baja en hidratos de carbono, 5% ovolactovegetariana, 4% pescetariana. El porcentaje de sobrepeso fue menor y la calidad de dieta fue mejor (más frutas y verduras, menos grasas saturadas, más grasas insaturadas) entre los que modificaron su dieta comparados con los que no (CDQ-2: 10.2(7.6) vs. 3.9(6.5) p<0.01), inclusive en los que se mantuvieron omnívoros (CDQ-2: 8.1(6.7) vs. 4.1(6.1) p<0.01). 83% mantuvo el cambio, con percepción de resultados positivos en 92%. Fuente de información principal: Médico o nutricionista: 39%. Hubo discordancia entre la información que reciben de los neurólogos tratantes y la opinión propia y expectativas. Discusión: Las pcEM realizaron cambios en sus hábitos alimentarios, resultando en alimentación saludable, aunque solo un 40% tuvo como informante a su médico o nutricionista. Son necesarios más estudios sobre el tema y un abordaje multidisciplinario.

Life-Course Socioeconomic Trajectories and Biological Aging: The Importance of Lifestyles and Physical Wellbeing.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Studies investigating the associations between life-course socioeconomic status (SES) and biological aging (the difference between biological and chronological age, Δage) have mostly been focused on epigenetic clocks and on a limited number of mediators. The aim of this study was to investigate this relationship using a blood-based aging clock, as well as the potential mediation of different factors including lifestyles or their proxies and physical and mental wellbeing. METHODS: A deep-learning aging clock based on 36 blood markers was deployed, in a large Italian population cohort: the Moli-sani study (N = 4772; ≥35 years; 48% men). SES was defined as an eight-level trajectory over the life course, which was tested with Δage in linear models incrementally adjusted for age, sex, and prevalent health conditions. Moreover, the proportion of associations explained by diverse potential mediators, including diet, smoking, physical activity, alcohol, body mass index (BMI), and physical and mental quality of life (QoL) was estimated. RESULTS: Compared to participants with a stably high SES, those showing an educational and financial downward trajectory were older than their CA (ß (95%CI) = 1.28 (0.73-1.83) years), as were those with a stably low SES (0.75 (0.25-01.25) years). These associations were largely explained by the tested mediators (overall proportion: 36.2% and 66.3%, respectively), prominently by physical QoL (20.7% and 41.0%), BMI (16.8% and 34.3%), lifestyle (10.6% and 24.6%), and dietary inflammatory score (5.3% and 9.2%). CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that life-course socioeconomic inequalities are associated with accelerated biological aging, suggesting physical wellbeing and pro-inflammatory lifestyles as potential public health targets to slow down this process in susceptible socioeconomic strata of the population.

The Triple E project: a factorial randomised controlled trial to enhance engagement with eHealth approaches to improve health risk behaviours among adolescents.

BACKGROUND: Digital, or eHealth, interventions are highly promising approaches to help adolescents improve their health behaviours and reduce their risk of chronic disease. However, they often have low uptake and retention. There is also a paucity of high-quality research into the predictors of eHealth engagement, and a lack of studies that have systematically evaluated existing engagement strategies in adolescent populations. This paper describes the protocol for a randomised controlled trial which primarily aims to assess the effectiveness of different strategies in increasing engagement with a healthy lifestyles app, Health4Life. Associations between the engagement strategies and improvements in adolescent health behaviours (healthy eating, physical activity, sleep, recreational screen time, smoking, alcohol use) will also be examined, along with potential predictors of adolescents' intentions to use health apps and their use of the Health4Life app. METHODS: The current study will aim to recruit 336 adolescent and parent/guardian dyads (total sample N = 672) primarily through Australia wide online advertising. All adolescent participants will have access to the Health4Life app (a multiple health behaviour change, self-monitoring mobile app). The trial will employ a 24 factorial design, where participants will be randomly allocated to receive 1 of 16 different combinations of the four engagement strategies to be evaluated: text messages, access to a health coach, access to additional gamified app content, and provision of parent/guardian information resources. Adolescents and parents/guardians will both complete consent processes, baseline assessments, and a follow-up assessment after 3 months. All participants will also be invited to complete a qualitative interview shortly after follow-up. The primary outcome, app engagement, will be assessed via an App Engagement Index (Ei) using data collected in the Health4Life app and the Mobile App Rating Scale - User version. DISCUSSION: This research will contribute significantly to building our understanding of the types of strategies that are most effective in increasing adolescents' engagement with health apps and which factors may predict adolescents' use of health apps. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The trial is registered at the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12623000399695). Date registered: 19/04/2023.

Digital health literacy among undergraduate nursing students in China: associations with health lifestyles and psychological resilience.

BACKGROUND: Digital health literacy (DHL) is pivotal for individuals to access trustworthy health information and make informed decisions, closely intertwined with health behaviors and psychological resilience-these factors collectively shape an individual's approach to health management. Despite extensive research on digital health literacy in broader populations, the specific dynamics of digital health literacy in relation to health behaviors and psychological resilience among undergraduate nursing students in China remain understudied, highlighting a gap that this research endeavors to address. This study aims to assess the levels of digital health literacy among undergraduate nursing students in China, and to explore its association with health lifestyles and psychological resilience, which are considered influential factors. METHODS: Employing a descriptive cross-sectional research design, eligible Chinese nursing undergraduates were surveyed from June to October 2023. This study recruited a total of 418 undergraduate nursing students. After excluding 11 students on leave, 407 students participated in questionnaire completion and submission. The College Students' Digital Health Literacy Scale, Healthy Lifestyle Assessment Scale and The Psychological Resilience Scale were used in this study. RESULTS: The mean scores for digital health literacy, health lifestyles, and psychological resilience were 74.78 ± 8.44, 127.14 ± 11.22, and 79.21 ± 11.02, respectively. Pearson correlation analysis results indicated that the correlations between digital health literacy and both health lifestyles (r = 0.707, P < 0.01) and psychological resilience (r = 0.638, P < 0.01) were statistically significant and positive. The multiple linear regression analysis revealed that volunteer activity experience, academic performance, physical fitness, psychological traits, health lifestyle, and psychological resilience significantly predicted digital health literacy (F = 58.091, P < 0.001, R² = 0.678, adjusted R² = 0.666). Specifically, excellent academic performance (ß = 0.210, P < 0.001) and good physical fitness (ß = 0.188, P = 0.002) were the strongest predictors of higher digital health literacy. CONCLUSIONS: There is a correlation between the digital health literacy of nursing undergraduates and their health lifestyles and psychological resilience. Future research should consider interventions in digital health literacy for undergraduate nursing students in China from the perspectives of health lifestyles and psychological resilience.

Sleep quality among Italian university students: the UnSleep multicenter study.

Background: Scientific evidence demonstrates that poor sleep quality can lead to various health problems. This study aimed to investigate sleep patterns among Italian university students and identify several factors that may contribute to its quality. Study design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: An electronic questionnaire regarding sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle, and sleep-related habits, including the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire, was distributed between January 2022 and July 2023 among students belonging to 12 universities located in Northern, Central, and Southern Italy. Results: On a total of 1,674 questionnaires collected, the participants (mean age 24.06±4.56 years, 71.3% F) reported an average number of hours of nocturnal sleep equal to 6.89±1.28 hours. A total of 927 (54.6%) of respondents showed a poor sleep quality (PSQI >5). Regression analysis showed that better sleep quality is associated with lower age, attending universities in Northern Italy, less time spent on electronic devices during the day, not being used to study at night and not playing videogames before sleep. Conclusion: From a public health perspective, our findings suggest that public health operators should raise the awareness of young adults about the importance of sleep quality for maintaining good health, as well as the impact that certain behaviors can have on sleep.

Parental Competence and Pornography Use among Hispanic Adolescents.

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to determine the association between parental competence (warmth, demandingness, and parental education in fortitude and in privacy) and pornography use. METHODS: This study presents cross-sectional data from an ongoing international study (YOURLIFE Project) about the opinions and lifestyles of adolescents with respect to affectivity, love, and sexuality. Adolescents (N = 2516) aged 12-15 from Chile, Mexico, Peru, and Spain were included. Multiple logistic regressions were performed to analyze the association between family assets (parental demandingness, warmth, and parental fortitude and privacy education) and pornography use. RESULTS: The results indicated an association between parental warmth and pornography use among boys and girls. Furthermore, privacy education was highly associated with less pornography use only in girls. Parental demandingness and parental fortitude education were not associated with pornography use. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that new educational perspectives including privacy issues should be considered within programs for pornography use prevention among adolescents. Parents should incorporate these variables when discussing pornography with their adolescents and not only focus on filters or demandingness.

An Overview of Health-Promoting Programs and Healthy Lifestyles for Adolescents and Young People: A Scoping Review.

The health of children, adolescents, and young adults is a primary global concern. In 2021, there were 2.1 million deaths among children and adolescents. Injuries, violence, communicable diseases, nutritional deficiencies, substance use, non-communicable diseases, and mental health disorders are among the leading causes of death in this age group. Background/objectives: This scoping review aims to identify and describe health promotion and healthy lifestyle programs developed worldwide targeting adolescents and young adults. Methods: A total of 106 programs were included, of which 8 were selected through scientific databases and 98 through other research methods (e.g., government websites and other online sources). Results: The results show that Europe, North America, New Zealand, and the United States of America are the continents and countries with the highest number of programs. Most programs originated before 2020 and are aimed at children, adolescents, and young adults. Mental health, substance and non-substance dependencies, and sexual and reproductive health were the most frequent areas among the available youth programs. Most programs do not mention evaluating or monitoring the services provided. Conclusions: This work allows for a deeper understanding of the programs available for adolescents and young adults, providing an overview of their characteristics. Moreover, it emphasizes the importance of increasing the number of available programs, especially in countries with higher morbidity and mortality rates among the young population. The programs must be based on population studies to better meet their needs. Lastly, programs should become sustainable and integrated into national public policies, accompanied by ongoing training, supervision, and intervision of professionals working in these contexts.

Assessing the Knowledge and Awareness of Obstructive Sleep Apnea among Patient Families in Saudi Arabia: A Qualitative Study.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), if left untreated, can have major negative effects on health, such as an elevated risk of diabetes, heart disease, and stroke. Increasing people's knowledge of this illness might lessen the stigma associated with sleep problems and motivate them to get treatment if they think they might have OSA. Aim of the Study: This study aims to assess the knowledge and awareness of OSA among patients' families in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A phenomenological-oriented study with in-depth interviews was used to collect data from 28 participants. Results: Two themes and subthemes emerged from the interviews, revealing significant knowledge gaps, especially regarding the health risks and management of OSA. Only a few participants were aware of the serious health implications of untreated OSA. Furthermore, many did not know about effective management strategies for OSA. Conclusion: The level of awareness and knowledge among participants was poor, with participants' lifestyles significantly affected by having relatives with OSA. They expressed concerns about challenges with CPAP adherence and recommended various coping techniques to support affected individuals.

Socioeconomic determinants and self-rated health among hotel housekeepers in the Balearic Islands (Spain).

Background: Hotel housekeepers constitute an important occupational group in the Balearic Islands (Spain). Housekeeping is considered low-skilled and precarious and typically involves high physical demands and time pressure. The aim of this study is to analyze the association between the socioeconomic determinants of health and hotel housekeepers' self-rated health. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in Primary Health Care in the Balearic Islands (November 2018-February 2019). Hotel housekeepers over 18 years of age with free access to the Balearic Public Health System who had been employed during 2018 were eligible. Results: We enrolled 1,043 hotel housekeepers; the mean score of health perceived status was 72.4/100 (SD 19.0). Those with a lower self-perceived health were statistically significant older, had Spanish nationality, lower level of studies, permanent or recurring seasonal contract, financial difficulties, a higher level of occupational stress, an external locus of control, reported work-life balance difficulties, were former smokers, insufficiently physical active and obese. We found lower scores in self-perceived health status score of -7.159 (CI95% -10.20- -4.12) among hotel housekeepers with osteoarthritis; -6.858 (CI95% -11.89- -1.82) among those with chronic depression; -3.697 (CI95% -6.08- -1.31) among those who reported difficulties in work-life balance; -2.414 (CI95% -4.69- -0.13) among participants who performed insufficient physical activity; -2.107 (CI% -4.44- -0.23) among those who reported financial strain. Lower self-rated health was also associated to a higher perceived stress, -1.440 (CI95% -2.09- -0.79); BMI (kg/m2), -0.299 (CI95% -0.53- -0.07); and longer time working as HH -0.177 (CI95% -0.33- -0.03). Conclusion: Our results underscore the importance of psychosocial (such as difficulties in work-life balance and occupational stress) and material factors (such as financial difficulties) when explaining differences in self-perceived health. Public health interventions aimed at improving health status must consider inequalities in material and working conditions.

Examining Well-Being and Healthy Lifestyle Interventions among Nursing Students Worldwide: A Scoping Review.

Purpose: The purpose of this scoping review was to identify intervention studies related to well-being and healthy lifestyles in nursing students to identify research gaps in the literature for future research. Methods: The review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI), JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis, and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews checklist. Five databases were searched to retrieve the articles assessed by this review: APA PsycINFO, CINAHL Complete, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Inclusion criteria included articles with a sample population of nursing students; addressed the well-being, wellness, health, or healthy lifestyle(s) of nursing students; tested an intervention(s), lifestyle change, behavioral change interventions, or behavior change technique. Findings: Twenty-four articles were included for analysis. Three categories of interventions were found: interventions related to (1) educational and curricular strategies, (2) psychological related interventions, and (3) supportive environments. Conclusion: This review adds to the literature by identifying future interventions that can increase the well-being of nursing students. The ability to cope with the stressors of school and competing demands is essential to meet academic requirements and goals. Therefore, understanding how to address nursing student well-being is vital to the future of the nursing profession.

Weight Status Determines the Impact of a School-Based Nutrition Education Intervention on Lifestyle Behaviors in Children.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the impact of the FLUYE school-based intervention on children's lifestyle behaviors, Mediterranean diet adherence, and emotional well-being in Spain. The objective was to promote healthy habits through nutrition education, physical activity, and emotional support within the school environment, with a focus on addressing the needs of both normal-weight and overweight/obese children. METHODS: A total of 552 children aged 3 to 12 years participated in the study, with data collected at baseline (T0) and follow-up (T1). The intervention was designed to integrate health education into the school curriculum, emphasizing the development of personal competencies in diet, physical activity, and emotional well-being. The analysis included changes in dietary habits, screen time, physical activity, and psychosocial outcomes, with comparisons made between the normal-weight and overweight/obese groups. RESULTS: Significant improvements were observed in water consumption and reductions in sugar-sweetened beverage intake across both weight groups. However, an increase in screen time, particularly among normal-weight children, highlighted ongoing challenges in reducing sedentary behavior. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet improved more significantly in the overweight/obese group, suggesting the program's effectiveness in promoting healthier eating patterns among at-risk children. Emotional well-being and self-esteem also saw significant enhancements, with children reporting increased feelings of pride and positivity post-intervention. CONCLUSIONS: The FLUYE program effectively improved various aspects of children's lifestyle behaviors, particularly in dietary habits and emotional well-being. These findings underscore the importance of comprehensive, school-based interventions that address both physical and psychosocial aspects of health, especially for children at higher risk for obesity.

Mental Health and (Online) Behaviors during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain: A Network-Based Approach.

The COVID-19 pandemic has contributed to the increase in mortality and morbidity rates globally, but it has also led to a generalized worsening of mental health and risk behaviors in different population groups regardless of the measures adopted by different governments. In this paper, using data from a Spanish survey of emotional well-being, we aim to explore through mixed graphical models the complex structure of relationships between the mental health of populations, their lifestyles, and forms of cultural and leisure consumption during the pandemic. The results bring to light some interesting findings, such as the association between teleworking and greater rest or greater stress with the use of social media, a variable that enables the connection with other mental health problems of greater severity. Increased physical activity and the consumption of streaming content at home, as well as increased care for family, friends, and neighbors, are some of the variables that show relevant associations. These findings highlight the usefulness and versatility of this network approach for the study of health behaviors and health outcomes, which offer the researcher a holistic and organic view of the relational structure of complex data characterized by high dimensionality and variables with different levels of measurement.

Understanding the impact of the pandemic on university students: Changes in sleep, eating patterns, and psychological well-being.

BACKGROUND: Covid-19 is one of the world's major pandemics. It has affected millions of people in various ways. OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the influence of pandemic-induced shifts in eating and sleeping behaviors on the psychological well-being of university students. METHODS: The study adopted a cross-sectional research design. A total of 604 students participated in the study. The Personal Form, the Psychological Well-Being Index, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were used to collect data. The research was conducted between October 2021 and December 2022. RESULTS: The participants reported a mean psychological well-being score of 40.76±9.38, alongside a Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score of 7.46±3.30. Analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between the mean psychological well-being scores and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores (p <  0.01). Throughout the pandemic, the participants experienced a decline in physical activity, an increase in their body weight, and a change in their eating habits. While psychological well-being remained relatively high, sleep quality was notably poor. Notably, improvements in psychological well-being corresponded with enhancements in sleep quality, suggesting a reciprocal relationship between the two variables. CONCLUSIONS: The pandemic negatively impacted the physical activity and body weight of young adults. This study highlights the importance of promoting physical activity among university students during pandemics and similar crises to reduce adverse effects on body weight. It also highlights the importance of educating students about the importance of healthy sleep and how to maintain good sleep hygiene.

A smartphone coaching program ("Bouge Grossesse") improves daily physical activity in pregnant women.

BACKGROUND: Physical activity has been shown to reduce obstetrical risks however pregnant women reduce their physical activity and sedentary behaviors increase. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to evaluate the impact of a smartphone application developed to increase daily physical activity in pregnant women. METHODS: We enrolled 250 pregnant women in a prospective randomized controlled study. These women were instructed to download either an intervention application called «Bouge Grossesse¼ (coaching program and a pedometer; n=125) or a Placebo application (pedometer only; n=125). Primary outcome was defined as a daily increase of 2000 steps/day between day 1 and day 90 or 10 000 steps/week between week 1 and week 12. Data was analyzed with intention to treat. Secondary outcomes were the number of steps at week 12 and the evolution of quality of life measured by WHO score, EIFEL score and SPIEGEL scale, and on maternal and fetal outcomes. RESULTS: Patients were enrolled between August 2017 and February 2019. They were retrospectively registered after September 2018. We found a significant difference in the primary outcome between the two groups in favor of the intervention group (22.4% success vs 3.2% in the control group, P<.001) but only 43 women in the intervention group (34.4%) and 16 women in the placebo group (12.8%) completed the 12-week coaching program. There were no significant differences in the SPIEGEL, EIFEL and WHO scores. The mean number of daily steps at week 12 was significantly higher in the intervention group (6900.0 vs 4371.9, P<.001). CONCLUSION: The mobile health intervention « Bouge Grossesse ¼ significantly increased physical activity in pregnant women but we observed a high percentage of withdrawals from the 12-week program. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This clinical trial was registered under the number NCT03688087 ClinicalTrials.gov.

Association of healthy lifestyles with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality among individuals with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: results from the DFTJ cohort.

AIM: To examine the associations of healthy lifestyles with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality among adults with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), and whether the association was mediated by systemic immune-inflammatory biomarkers (SIIBs). METHODS: The study included 10,347 subjects with MASLD, who were enrolled in the Dongfeng-Tongji cohort study. The healthy lifestyles referred to non-smoking, being physically active (≥7.5 metabolic equivalents-hours/week), low-risk alcohol consumption (1-14 g/day for women and 1-28 g/day for men), and optimal sleep duration (≥6 to ≤8 h/day). Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine the relationship between each lifestyle and SIIBs with the risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality. A mediation analysis was conducted to investigate the role of SIIBs on the association between healthy lifestyles and mortality. RESULTS: There were 418 MASLD subjects dead till the follow-up of 2018, including 259 deaths from cardiovascular disease (CVD). Compared to MASLD participants with 0-1 healthy lifestyle score (HLS), those with 3-4 HLS had the lowest risk of all-cause mortality [hazard ratio (HR), 0.46; 95% CI, (0.36-0.60)], and CVD mortality [HR (95%CI), 0.41 (0.29-0.58)]. Mediation analyses indicated that SIIBs mediated the association between healthy lifestyles and mortality, with proportions ranging from 2.5% to 6.1%. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that adherence to healthy lifestyles can significantly reduce mortality for MASLD patients, and the decreased SIIBs may partially explain the protection mechanism of healthy lifestyles.