Different effects of high-protein/low-carbohydrate versus standard hypocaloric diet on insulin resistance and lipid profile: Role of rs16147 variant of neuropeptide Y.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Few studies have assessed the effect of the NPY gene rs16147 variant on metabolic response following a dietary intervention. We evaluated the effect of rs16147 on body weight and biochemical changes after a high-protein/low-carbohydrate hypocaloric diet compared with a standard severe hypocaloric diet over 9 months. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A population of 270 obese individuals was enrolled. At baseline, participants were randomly allocated to one of two hypocaloric diets, high protein (Diet HP) or standard (Diet S), for a period of 9 months. RESULTS: After both diets, all genotypes showed decreased body mass index, weight, fat mass, waist circumference, and leptin levels. Participants with the minor allele (A) assigned to the HP diet showed decreases in total cholesterol (-6.5 ±â€¯4.8 vs 10.1 ±â€¯4.1 mg/dL; p < 0.05), LDL cholesterol (-5.9 ±â€¯3.8 vs 9.6 ±â€¯2.4 mg/dL; p < 0.05), triglycerides (-1.0 ±â€¯4.8 vs 16.2 ±â€¯4.1 mg/dL; p < 0.05), insulin (-0.5 ±â€¯2.8 vs 1.7 ±â€¯2.1 UI/L; p < 0.05), HOMA-IR (-0.2 ±â€¯2.1 vs 0.5 ±â€¯2.0 units; p < 0.05), and CRP (-0.3 ±â€¯0.4 vs 1.3 ±â€¯0.2 mg/dL; p < 0.05). Participants with the minor allele assigned to diet S also showed decreases in total cholesterol (-6.1 ±â€¯4.1 vs 14.4 ±â€¯3.1 mg/dL; p < 0.05), LDL-cholesterol (-3.1 ±â€¯2.8 vs 15.0 ±â€¯3.1 mg/dL; p < 0.05), triglycerides (-6.9 ±â€¯4.1 vs 13.2 ±â€¯4.0 mg/dL; p < 0.05), insulin (-0.3 ±â€¯2.1 vs. -1.2 ±â€¯0.2 UI/L: p < 0.05), HOMA-IR (-0.3 ±â€¯2.1 vs. -1.6 ±â€¯1.1 units: p < 0.05), and CRP (-0.4 ±â€¯0.1 vs 1.1 ±â€¯0.2 mg/dL; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: In obese Caucasians, the presence of the A allele of the rs16147 genetic variant produces a better metabolic response that is secondary to weight loss with two different hypocaloric diets.

The Relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and Depression According to the rs16139NPY Gene.

Objective: Obesity and depression are likely to interact mutually, which makes it unclear whether obesity causes depression or depression leads to obesity, and how the genotypes have a role in obesity and depression. Method: This cross- sectional study was conducted on a sample of 400 individuals from the participants in the third phase of the comprehensive Iranian Multicenter Osteoporosis Study (IMOS). Anthropometric measurements and depression were assessed. PCR-RFLP was used to investigate the NPY polymorphism. Binary logistic regression model was employed to determine depression as the dependent factor and gene polymorphism. Results: The frequency of NPY rs16139 was 6%. No significant association was found between NPY genotypes and depression (p >0.05). Furthermore, the results suggest that those with central obesity had an increased chance of developing depression (P = 0.02). Conclusion: The frequency of NPY polymorphism was 6%. Our study could not find a correlation between rs16139 and depression.