Comparative effectiveness of two lipid emulsions in preventing retinopathy of prematurity in preterm infants requiring parenteral nutrition. / [Artículo traducido] Efectividad comparativa de 2 emulsiones lipídicas en la prevención de la retinopatía del prematuro en neonatos pretérmino que requieren nutrición parenteral.

OBJECTIVES: The main aim was to compare the effects of two parenteral lipid emulsions on retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) incidence, severity, and need for treatment. Secondary aim was to compare the effect on weight gain in the first 6 weeks of life. METHODS: Single-center, observational, retrospective study analyzing preterm infants with a gestational age < 31 weeks and a birth weight < 1,251 g, born between April 2015 and December 2018. The infants' medical records were reviewed to collect clinical data. Parenteral nutrition details were obtained from the hospital pharmacy database. RESULTS: In total, 180 patients were included: 90 received ClinOleic® and 90 received SMOFlipid®. No significant differences were observed for the incidence of ROP (40% in ClinOleic® group and 41% in SMOFlipid® group, p=0.88) or ROP requiring treatment (4% and 10% respectively, p=0.152). Weekly weight gain was similar in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed no difference between the two groups regarding ROP, ROP requiring treatment or weekly weight gain in the first 6 weeks of life.

Evolution of interconsultal activity to endocrinology and nutrition in hospitalization floor in a third level hospital.

INTRODUCTION: Endocrinology and Nutrition (EyN) is an outpatient and hospital medical specialty. This study aims to understand the evolution of the activity of interdepartmental consultation (IC) carried out by EyN in hospitalization floor of a third level hospital, comparing its evolution with other medical specialties, and comparing endocrine IC with nutritional IC. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Longitudinal and retrospective study which analyzes IC notes of EyN and other medical specialties between 01-01-2013 and 31-12-2022. RESULTS: A total of 76093 IC notes (12623 patients) were performed by the EyN service (average age 65.4 years; 59% male) with an average of 4.8 notes per patient. Average annual growth was 7% in notes and 4% in patients (versus 6% and 3% of all other medical services, differences statistically significant). Of all patients hospitalized for 4 or more days, EyN went from attending 7.9% (2013) to 12.3% (2022). 66% of the IC performed by EyN was for nutritional cause and 34% for other pathologies. CONCLUSIONS: The EyN service is the one that most patients attend in hospital IC activity, with growth over the last few years greater than other medical specialties. Nutritional pathology is the main reason for IC.

[Exploring Needs, Motivations, and Limitations Towards Healthy Eating and Digital Resources: A Qualitative Study in a Mexican Primary Education Setting]. / Exploración de necesidades, motivaciones y limitaciones en relación con la alimentación saludable y recursos digitales: un estudio cualitativo en un entorno de educación primaria en México.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the needs, motivations, and limitations related to healthy eating and digital materials, as well as to identify patterns for their design as a strategy aimed at Mexican families. DESIGN: A qualitative observational study of the phenomenon through focus group sessions. LOCATION: A public primary education center in the city of Querétaro, Mexico. PARTICIPANTS: Children aged 9 to 11 years and parents, mothers, or caregivers with children in primary education. METHOD: Twelve sessions were conducted with three groups of students and two sessions with parents, mothers, or caregivers using an interview guide. Various digital materials, developed based on social cognitive theory, were presented during the sessions. The sessions were recorded with the participants' or their guardians' prior consent and transcribed for analysis. Coding was performed for key points of analysis, and information saturation was confirmed. RESULTS: Students expressed motivation towards digital material that promotes play and experimentation, especially within the family context. The main perceived barrier was the caregivers' resistance to change. Parents expressed motivation and a need for explanatory material on diseases, with economic and time-related barriers. CONCLUSIONS: Digital material based on social cognitive theory, designed to improve nutrition, can be an effective strategy in nutritional education if it considers the circumstances of the target population. It is advisable to include affective and behavioral elements to achieve meaningful learning within households.

Versión argentina de la herramienta de evaluación de la alimentación pediátrica PediEAT / Argentine version of the PediEAT, a pediatric eating assessment tool

Introducción. Durante la infancia, los niños pueden experimentar algún grado de dificultad al comer. Existe una herramienta, desarrollada en Estados Unidos, de evaluación de la alimentación pediátrica (PediEAT), que permite identificar síntomas problemáticos. Objetivo. Realizar una adaptación transcultural para una versión argentina, con adecuación cultural y equivalencia semántica respecto a su versión original. Población y métodos. Se utilizó una versión autoadministrada del PediEAT que fue respondida por familias y/o cuidadores de niños de 6 meses a 7 años. Se realizó una primera fase de evaluación de validez del contenido con un grupo de expertos. Luego, una fase de pretest con familias mediante entrevistas cognitivas para comprobar la comprensión de las palabras y frases. Se realizaron las modificaciones necesarias para que quedara adaptada al contexto. Resultados. En la fase de evaluación de validez del contenido con el grupo de 8 expertos, de los 80 ítems se modificaron 36. En el pretest, se realizaron entrevistas cognitivas a 18 cuidadores; se realizaron cambios en 11 ítems para mejorar la comprensión por parte de la población argentina. La versión argentina fue aprobada por los autores originales. Conclusiones. El instrumento PediEAT versión argentina resulta lingüísticamente equivalente a su versión original, lo que permite su uso para la detección de problemáticas alimentarias en niños.

Introduction. During childhood, children may experience some degree of difficulty eating. A tool (PediEAT) has been developed in the United States and is available to assess pediatric eating and to identify problematic symptoms. Objective. To obtain an Argentine version that is transculturally adapted, culturally adequate, and semantically equivalent to the original version. Population and methods. A self-administered version of the PediEAT was used and completed by families and/or caregivers of children aged 6 months to 7 years. In the first phase, content validity was assessed by a group of experts. This was followed by a pre-test phase with families using cognitive interviews to test word and phrase comprehension. The necessary changes were made to obtain a version adapted to the context. Results. The tool's content validity was assessed by a group of 8 experts; as a result, 36 of the 80 items were changed. During the pre-test phase, cognitive interviews were conducted with 18 caregivers; 11 items were changed to improve comprehension by the Argentine population. The Argentine version was approved by the original authors. Conclusions. The Argentine version of the PediEAT tool is linguistically equivalent to the original version, and this allows its use to screen for feeding problems in children.

Evaluación de las conductas de lactancia materna y las prácticas de alimentación complementaria de las madres turcas y las madres refugiadas sirias / Evaluation of breastfeeding behaviors and complementary feeding practices of Turkish and Syrian refugee mothers

Objetivos: el objetivo de este estudio fue comparar la lactancia y los factores relacionados (edad, nivel educativo, edad al momento del primer embarazo, etc.) y las prácticas de alimentación complementaria de las madres refugiadas sirias y las madres turcas. Materiales y métodos: este estudio descriptivo y comparativo analizó las características nutricionales de los bebés de 9 a 60 meses de edad cuyas madres fueran turcas o refugiadas sirias que asistieron al Hospital Público de Kiziltepe entre enero y julio de 2022. Resultados: se incluyó a 204 madres (126 turcas y 78 sirias). La edad promedio de las madres turcas era 27,60 ± 5,17 años y la de las refugiadas sirias, 28,91 ± 5,62 años, sin una diferencia significativa entre ambos grupos (p: 0,091). La lactancia materna posparto fue del 91,3 % y la duración de la lactancia fue de 12 meses (0-24) en las ciudadanas turcas, mientras que, en las refugiadas sirias, fue del 84,6 % y 9 meses (0-24), respectivamente (consumo de leche materna, p: 0,144; tiempo de consumo, p: 0,161; sin diferencias estadísticas). El 23,8 % de las ciudadanas turcas y el 5,1 % de las refugiadas sirias recibieron capacitación sobre la lactancia, con una diferencia significativa entre ambos grupos (p: 0,001). Conclusión: en los grupos de refugiadas, las prácticas de nutrición infantil y materna se ven alteradas. En colaboración con las organizaciones locales e internacionales y los organismos estatales que ayudan a los grupos de refugiados se podrían mejorar las prácticas de nutrición maternoinfantil y reducir las brechas.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare breastfeeding and related factors (age, level of education, age at first pregnancy, etc.), and complementary feeding practices between Syrian refugee and native Turkish mothers. Material and methods: This descriptive-comparative study examined the nutritional characteristics of infants aged 9 to 60 months whose mothers were Turkish or Syrian refugees who attended Kiziltepe State Hospital between January 2022 and July 2022. Results: 204 mothers (126 Turkish and 78 Syrian) who had a child aged 9-60 months were included. The average age of the mothers was 27.60 ± 5.17 years for Turkish citizens and 28.91 ± 5.62 for Syrian refugees, without significant difference between the two groups (p: 0.091). Postpartum breastfeeding was 91.3% and breastfeeding duration was 12 (0-24) months in Turkish citizens; in Syrian refugees, breastfeeding was 84.6% and average breastfeeding time was 9 (0- 24) months (respectively, breast milk intake p: 0.144, uptake time p: 0.161; no statistical difference). Breastfeeding training was received by 23.8% of Turkish citizens and 5.1% of Syrian refugees; there was a significant difference between the two groups (p: 0.001). Conclusion: In refugee groups, infant and maternal nutrition practices are disrupted. Working in conjunction with local and international organizations and state agencies that give help to refugee groups, the appropriate interventions, initiatives, supports, and awareness-raising activities would strive to improve practices in mother and baby nutrition and narrow gaps.

Consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados en niños entre 6 y 23 meses según la Segunda Encuesta Nacional de Nutrición y Salud de Argentina / Consumption of ultra-processed foods among children aged 6 to 23 months as per the Second National Survey on Nutrition and Health of Argentina

Introducción. Contar con los datos del consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados en los niños resulta importante para planificar políticas públicas. Objetivos. Describir la prevalencia de consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados en menores de 2 años e identificar factores asociados. Describir la proporción que los alimentos ultraprocesados representan del número total de los alimentos consumidos en el día. Métodos. Análisis secundario de los datos de niños entre 6 y 23 meses de edad con al menos un recordatorio de 24 horas de consumo de alimentos de la Segunda Encuesta Nacional de Nutrición y Salud de Argentina del año 2018. Se estudiaron como variables principales: "consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados" (según el sistema NOVA) categorizada en sí/no y la "proporción de ultraprocesados del total de alimentos consumidos". Los factores asociados explorados fueron lactancia materna, sexo, edad y el número de alimentos no ultraprocesados consumidos. Se realizó un modelo de regresión logística multivariable y se aplicó un factor de expansión para ponderar los datos. Resultados. Se incluyeron 4224 niños (ponderado 908 104). La prevalencia de consumo de ultraprocesados fue del 90,8 % (IC95%: 89,5-92) y fue asociado con mayor edad (OR 3,21; IC95% 2,28-4,52) y con el número de alimentos no ultraprocesados consumidos (OR 1,17; IC95% 1,13-1,23). Los ultraprocesados representaron una mediana del 20 % (RIC: 12,5-28,6 %) del total de alimentos consumidos en el día. Conclusiones. Este estudio señala la alta penetración de los alimentos ultraprocesados en la alimentación complementaria.

Introduction. The availability of data on the consumption of ultra-processed foods among children is important for planning public policies. Objectives. To describe the prevalence of consumption of ultra-processed foods in children under 2 years of age and identify associated factors. To describe the proportion that ultra-processed foods represent out of the total number of foods consumed in a day. Methods. Secondary analysis of data from children aged 6­23 months with at least a 24-hour recall of food consumption based on the Second National Survey on Nutrition and Health of Argentina (2018). The following primary variables were studied: "consumption of ultra-processed foods" (according to the NOVA system) categorized into yes/no and "proportion of ultra-processed out of total foods consumed." The following associated factors were studied: breastfeeding, sex, age, and number of non-ultra-processed foods consumed. A multivariate logistic regression model was developed and an expansion factor was applied to weight the data. Results. A total of 4224 children were included (weighed: 908 104). The prevalence of ultra-processed food consumption was 90.8% (95% CI: 89.5­92) and was associated with an older age (OR: 3.21, 95% CI: 2.28­4.52) and the number of non-ultra-processed foods consumed (OR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.13­1.23). Ultra-processed foods accounted for a median 20% (IQR: 12.5­28.6%) of all foods consumed in a day. Conclusions. This study highlights the high penetration of ultra-processed foods in complementary feeding.

Fatores associados à deficiência de vitamina D em mulheres gestantes e lactantes / Factores asociados a la deficiencia de vitamina D en mujeres embarazadas y lactantes / Factors associated with vitamin d deficiency in pregnant and lactatingwomen

Introdução: A deficiência de vitamina D durante a gestação e a lactação pode repercutir negativamente no desenvolvimento fetal e infantil, devido seu papel fundamental nos sistemas imunológico, cardíaco, ósseo, muscular e neural. Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão de literatura para integrar estudos que evidenciam a deficiência de vitamina D em gestantes e lactantes, e os fatores de risco associados a essa carência. Metodologia: Foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico entre agosto e outubro de 2021, com atualização entre outubro e novembro de 2022 através de pesquisas às bases Pubmed e Scielo, bem como às listas de referências dos artigos selecionados. Foram empregados os descritores consumo alimentar, vitamina D, deficiência de vitamina D, gestantes e lactantes, usando-se o operador booleano AND para a associação entre eles. Como critérios de inclusão foram adotados o tipo de estudo (epidemiológicos, ensaios clínicos e revisões integrativa e sistemática), o idioma (espanhol, inglês e português) e o período de publicação (2010 a 2022). Resultados: Evidenciou-se que existem vários fatores de riscos para a inadequação do status de vitamina D em gestantes e lactantes como a baixa exposição da pele à luz solar e fatores relacionados (uso excessivo de protetor solar, menor tempo de atividades ao ar livre, clima, religião e hábitos culturais, maior escolaridade);a pigmentação mais escura da pele; o baixo consumo alimentar de vitamina D e variáveis associadas; a menor idade materna; o primeiro trimestre gestacional; a primiparidade e o excesso de tecido adiposo. Conclusões: Em gestantes e lactantes, a carência de vitamina D associa-se a distintos fatores, com destaque principalmente para a baixa exposição à luz solar, a pigmentação mais escura da pele e o excesso de tecido adiposo, sendo de extrema importância que sejam abordados com cautela, visando ações voltadas a variáveis modificáveis, de modo a auxiliar na redução da hipovitaminose D nestes grupos (AU).

Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy and breastfeeding can have a negative impact on fetal and infant development due to its fundamental role in the immune, cardiac, bone, muscular and neural systems. Objective: To conduct a literature review to integrate studies which show the Vitamin D deficiency in pregnant andlactating women, and the risk factors associated with this deficiency. Methodology: A bibliographic survey was carried out between August and October 2021, with an update between October and November 2022 through searches in the Pubmed and Scielo databases, as well as the reference lists of the selected articles. The descriptors food consumption, vitamin D, vitamin D deficiency, pregnant and lactating women were used, using the Boolean operator AND for the association between them. The type of study (epidemiological, clinical trials and integrative and systematic reviews), language (Spanish, English and Portuguese) and publication period (2010 to 2022) was adopted as inclusion criteria.Results:It was shown that there are several risk factors for inadequate vitamin D status in pregnant and lactating women, such as low skin exposure to sunlight and related factors (excessive use of sunscreen, less time spent outdoors, climate, religion and cultural habits, higher education); darker skin pigmentation; low dietary intake of vitamin D and associated variables; the lowest maternal age; the first gestational trimester; primiparity and excess adipose tissue.Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency in pregnant and lactating women is associated with different factors, witha main emphasis on low exposure to sunlight, darker skin pigmentation and excess adipose tissue. Furthermore, it is extremely important that these factors are approached with caution, implementing actions aimed at modifiable variables in order to help reduce hypovitaminosis D in these groups (AU).

Introducción: La deficiencia de vitamina D durante el embarazo y la lactancia puede tener un impacto negativo en el desarrollo fetal e infantil, por su papel fundamental en los sistemas inmunológico, cardíaco, óseo, muscular y neural. Objetivo: Realizar una revisión bibliográfica para integrar estudios que evidencien la deficiencia de vitamina D en mujeres embarazadas y lactantes, y los factores de riesgo asociados. Metodología:Se realizó un levantamiento bibliográfico entre agosto y octubre de 2021, con actualizaciones entre octubre y noviembre de 2022 mediante búsquedas en las bases de datos Pubmed y Scielo, así como en las listas de referencias de los artículos seleccionados. Se utilizaron los descriptores consumo de alimentos, vitamina D, deficiencia de vitamina D, gestantes y lactantes, utilizándose el operador booleano AND para la asociación entre ellos. Se adoptaron como criterios de inclusión el tipo de estudio (epidemiológicos, clínicos, revisiones integradoras y sistemáticas), idioma (español, inglés y portugués) y período de publicación (2010 a 2022).Resultados: Existen varios factores de riesgo para un estado inadecuado de vitamina D en mujeres embarazadas y lactantes, como la baja exposición de la piel a la luz solar y factores relacionados (uso excesivo de protector solar, menor tiempo al aire libre, clima, religión y hábitos culturales, educación más alta); pigmentación de la piel más oscura; baja ingesta dietética de vitamina D y variables asociadas; la edad materna más baja; el primer trimestre gestacional; Primiparidad y exceso de tejido adiposo. Conclusiones:En mujeres embarazadas y lactantes, el déficit de vitamina D se asocia a diferentes factores, especialmente la baja exposición solar, la pigmentación de la piel más oscura y el exceso de tejido adiposo, y es de suma importancia abordarlos con precaución, apuntando a acciones dirigidas a variables modificables, con el fin de ayudar a reducir la hipovitaminosis D en estos grupos (AU).

Comparative effectiveness of two lipid emulsions in preventing retinopathy of prematurity in preterm infants requiring parenteral nutrition.

OBJECTIVES: The main aim was to compare the effects of 2 parenteral lipid emulsions on retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) incidence, severity, and need for treatment. Secondary aim was to compare the effect on weight gain in the first 6 weeks of life. METHODS: Single-center, observational, retrospective study analyzing preterm infants with a gestational age (GA) <31 weeks and a birth weight <1251 g born between April 2015 and December 2018. The infants' medical records were reviewed to collect clinical data. Parenteral nutrition (PN) details were obtained from the hospital pharmacy database. RESULTS: In total, 180 patients were included: 90 received ClinOleic® and 90 received SMOFlipid®. No significant differences were observed for the incidence of ROP (40% in ClinOleic® group and 41% in SMOFlipid® group, p=.88) or ROP requiring treatment (4% and 10%, respectively, p=.152). Weekly weight gain was similar in the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed no difference between the 2 groups regarding ROP, ROP requiring treatment, or weekly weight gain in the first 6 weeks of life.

Analysis of the changes in the management of preterm newborns born in a Spanish third-level hospital in the past 10 years.

BACKGROUND: Preterm newborns require the use of the best and most current strategies to treat and prevent both acute pathology and associated sequelae. This study aimed to compare the differences in the management of preterm newborns over 10 years in a tertiary hospital in Spain and its impact on height, weight, and neurological development in the medium term. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective, observational, and analytical study examining the management and clinical variables in preterm newborns under 32 weeks of gestational age who were born in our hospital in 2011 and 2021. RESULTS: Twenty-six newborns were included in the study. Significant differences in magnesium sulfate use, continuous positive airway pressure immediately after birth, and non-invasive mechanical ventilation during hospitalization were observed. Differences were found in the use of parenteral nutrition and the timing of initiation of enteral feeding. We did not observe differences in the neurological or weight evolution in the medium term. CONCLUSIONS: Significant differences in managing preterm newborns in these 10 years were observed. Lower mortality and alterations in central nervous system ultrasound and, significantly, less growth retardation during admission in 2021 have been observed; however, it does not manifest with improvement in long-term somatometrics or neurological prognosis.

INTRODUCCIÓN: La inmadurez de los recién nacidos pretérmino (RNP) requiere el empleo de las mejores y más actuales estrategias para tratar la patología aguda y prevenir sus eventuales secuelas asociadas. El objetivo planteado es comparar las diferencias en el manejo de RNP a lo largo de diez años en un hospital de tercer nivel en España y su impacto en el desarrollo neurológico y póndero-estatural a medio plazo. MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo, observacional y analítico examinando variables del manejo y clínicas de todos los RNP menores de 32 semanas de edad gestacional nacidos en nuestro hospital (nivel III-A) en 2011 y en 2021. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 26 infantes (2011: 10 niños, 2021: 16 niños). Observamos diferencias significativas en el uso prenatal de sulfato de magnesio, mayor uso de presión positiva continua en la vía aérea (CPAP) al ingreso y ventilación mecánica no invasiva durante el ingreso, retraso en el uso de surfactante, empleo de alimentación intravenosa e inicio precoz de la alimentación enteral. Existe una menor tasa de mortalidad y desnutrición postnatal en 2021. No observamos diferencias en la evolución neurológica o ponderal a medio plazo. CONCLUSIONES: Existen diferencias en el manejo de los prematuros en estos 10 años con mayor ajuste a las guías nacionales e internacionales vigentes. Esto se relaciona con menor mortalidad y alteraciones en la ecografía del sistema nervioso central y, significativamente, con un menor retraso en el crecimiento durante el ingreso en 2021; no se demostró mejoría del pronóstico somatométrico o neurológico a largo plazo.

Usefulness and description of the intestinal bypass technique in children with short bowel syndrome: report of a Mexican cohort.

BACKGROUND: Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is one of the most frequent causes of intestinal failure, needing parenteral nutrition to maintain an energy-protein and water-electrolyte balance. At the Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez (HIMFG), the formation of two stomas is a technique used for intestinal rehabilitation, where the use of residue through the bypass technique (BT) helps to maintain gastrointestinal functionality, water-electrolyte, and nutritional stability. This study aimed to describe the technique of using intestinal residue through BT as a treatment strategy in intestinal rehabilitation and its effect on the biochemical and nutritional status of pediatric patients with SBS. METHODS: An analytical and retrospective cross-sectional study was performed in patients hospitalized at HIMFG with SBS who underwent BT during their hospital stay between 2019 and 2020 and then followed up for 8 weeks. RESULTS: A total of 10 patients were included in this study, with a mean age of 24 months; 50% were female. BT was able to reduce the inflammatory process in the liver caused by the continuous use of parenteral nutrition; enteral caloric intake increased from 25.32 kcal/kg/day to 72.94 kcal/kg/day, but it was insufficient to improve their nutritional status. CONCLUSIONS: BT is a safe and effective alternative in intestinal rehabilitation in patients with SBS to stimulate trophism and intestinal functionality, allowing a progression of enteral feeding and a decrease in the hepatic inflammatory process that occurs in these patients with prolonged parenteral nutrition.

INTRODUCCIÓN: El síndrome de intestino corto (SIC) es una de las causas más frecuentes de insuficiencia intestinal que requiere del uso de nutrición parenteral para mantener un balance energético-proteico e hidroelectrolítico. En el Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez (HIMFG) la formación de dos estomas es una técnica empleada para la rehabilitación intestinal, donde con el aprovechamiento de residuo mediante la técnica de puenteo (TP) se ayuda a mantener la funcionalidad gastrointestinal, equilibrio hidro-electrolítico y estabilidad nutricional. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir la técnica del aprovechamiento de residuo intestinal mediante TP como estrategia de tratamiento en la rehabilitación intestinal y su efecto en el estado bioquímico y nutricional de pacientes pediátricos con SIC. MÉTODOS: Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal analítico y retrospectivo en pacientes hospitalizados en el HIMFG con SIC en quienes se realizó la TP durante su estancia intrahospitalaria entre 2019 y 2020. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 10 pacientes en este estudio, con una edad promedio de 24 meses, y el 50% de sexo femenino. La TP logró disminuir el proceso inflamatorio hepático ocasionado por el uso continuo de nutrición parenteral; la ingesta calórica por vía enteral incrementó de 25.32 kcal/kg/día a 72.94 kcal/kg/día, pero fue insuficiente para mejorar el estado nutricional. CONCLUSIONES: La TP es una alternativa segura y efectiva en la rehabilitación intestinal en pacientes con SIC para estimular el trofismo y funcionalidad intestinal, permitiendo una progresión de la alimentación enteral y disminución del proceso inflamatorio hepático que se presentan en estos pacientes con nutrición parenteral prolongada.

[Influence of individualized dietary adaptation in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The ADITRAS study]. / Influencia de la adaptación dietética individualizada en pacientes sometidos a trasplante de precursores hematopoyéticos. Estudio ADITRAS.

Introduction: Introduction: the objective of the study was to assess the efficacy of an individualized dietary adaptation to achieve nutritional requirements in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Methodology: a pilot study of a nutritional intervention in patients undergoing HSCT. A nutritional assessment was performed the first 24 hours of admission and every 48-72 hours until discharge, or + 40 days after the transplant, making dietary adaptations. Results: 25 patients were recruited. According to MUST, 92.0 % (n = 23) were well nourished at the initial visit, with a loss of 2.1 (3.8) kg and a BMI of 26.4 kg/m2 (4.2). Before HSCT, there was already a decrease in intake of 15.4 (23.5) % and in body weight of 0.2 (3.2) kg; after the HSCT, the weight loss was 3.4 (5.0) kg and the decrease in intake was 6.5 (30.4) %. The predominant symptoms were mucositis (60 %), nausea (60 %), and diarrhea (44 %). The diet was adapted in 100 % of the patients, 52 % received oral nutritional support (ONS) (n = 13); enteral nutrition (EN) and parenteral nutrition (PN) were used only once. Conclusion: the nutritional status of patients undergoing HSCT is normal on admission but deteriorates during transplantation and prior conditioning. Dietary intervention is key to maintaining oral intake and reducing the risk of malnutrition.

Introducción: Introducción: el objetivo del estudio fue valorar la eficacia de una adaptación dietética individualizada para conseguir los requerimientos nutricionales en pacientes sometidos a trasplante de precursores hematopoyéticos (TPH). Metodología: estudio piloto de intervención nutricional con pacientes sometidos a TPH. Se realizó una valoración nutricional en las primeras 24 horas de ingreso y cada 48 a 72 horas hasta el alta, o + 40 días del trasplante, realizando adaptaciones dietéticas. Resultados: se reclutaron 25 pacientes. Según el MUST, el 92,0 % (n = 23) se encontraban bien nutridos en la visita inicial, con una pérdida de 2,1 (3,8) kg y un IMC de 26,4 kg/m2 (4,2). Antes del TPH ya hubo una disminución de la ingesta del 15,4 (23,5) % y del peso corporal de 0,2 (3,2) kg; tras el TPH, la pérdida de peso fue de 3,4 (5,0) kg y la disminución de la ingesta del 6,5 (30,4) %. Los síntomas predominantes fueron mucositis (60 %), náuseas (60 %) y diarrea (44 %). Se adaptó la dieta en el 100 % de los pacientes y el 52 % recibieron soporte nutricional oral (SNO) (n = 13), mientras que la nutrición enteral (NE) y la nutrición parenteral (NP) se utilizaron solo 1 vez. Conclusión: el estado nutricional de los pacientes sometidos a TPH es normal al ingreso pero se deteriora durante la realización del trasplante y su acondicionamiento previo. La intervención dietética es clave para mantener la ingesta oral y disminuir el riesgo de desnutrición.

Detection and reduction of errors in parenteral nutrition compounding through gravimetric and product control. / [Artículo traducido] Detección y reducción de errores en la elaboración de la nutrición parenteral mediante control gravimétrico y de producto.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the errors in the preparation of parenteral nutrition in a Pharmacy Service, detected through an already consolidated gravimetric and product quality control, and compare them with those detected during the initial years of implementing this quality control. METHODS: All errors detected through quality control in the compounding of pediatric and adult parenteral nutrition between 2019 and 2021 were prospectively analyzed. This quality control consisted of 3 sequential processes: a visual check, a gravimetric control, and a product control. Errors were classified as gravimetric, when the nutrition had a deviation of more than 5% from the theoretical weight, or as product errors when a qualitative or quantitative error was detected upon reviewing the remainder of the components used. These errors were analyzed in terms of type and the component involved. A comparison was made with the errors detected during the implementation phase of this quality control from 2016 to 2018. RESULTS: A total of 41,809 parenteral nutritions were reviewed, and 345 errors were detected (0.83% of the preparations); of these, 59 errors were found in pediatric nutritions (0.68% of them), and 286 in adult nutritions (0.86% of them). Among these errors, 193 were of gravimetric nature, while 152 were detected through product control. The main components involved in product errors were electrolytes, primarily due to the addition of excessive volumes and the use of incorrect components. A significant absolute reduction of 0.71% (p < 0.05) in the total number of errors was observed when compared to the implementation phase. This reduction was consistent in both gravimetric errors (-0.59%) and product-related errors (-0.12%) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Comprehensive quality control of parenteral nutrition preparation is an easily implementable tool that effectively detected and prevented significant errors. Furthermore, its widespread adoption contributed to a reduction in the overall error count.