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1.
Heliyon ; 10(14): e34861, 2024 Jul 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39149051

RESUMO

This study conducts an empirical retrospective examination of the effect of COVID-19 protocols on Health workers' quality of life during the pandemic. Data from a survey respondent of 330 health workers were analyzed through structural equation modeling. Results indicated COVID-19 protocols specifically hand hygiene, personal protective equipments, and physical distancing had a significant effect on the quality of life of health workers during the COVID-19 era. However, the results did not follow the expected literature trend. Analysis indicated a direct significant positive relationship between hand hygiene and quality of life and also highlighted a negative relationship between physical distancing and protective equipments and quality of life. Detailed analysis in an attempt to explain this development highlighted the significant role physical and mental health play in the relationship between COVID-19 safety protocols and quality of life. The findings of the study suggest implications and suggestions for future research.

2.
Sci Total Environ ; 887: 163984, 2023 Aug 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37164098

RESUMO

The widespread use of Personal protective equipments (PPEs) by the healthcare professionals and public due to Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic has become a new source for MFs pollution. Mismanaged plastic wastes and random dispose of used surgical face mask end up in large aquatic bodies via small waterways and waste water treatment plants (WWTPs). Microplastics/Microfibres (MPs/MFs) have recently been reported in a variety of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, including water, deep sea sediments, air and soil. Natural components like UV radiation and temperature play a major role in weathering of surgical masks. High loads of MPs/MFs emitted into the aquatic environment are easily consumed by organism's habitat in such ecosystem by disrupting the food chain and causing chronic health problems in the organisms including humans. The aim of this review article is to shed light on these issues and compile the most recent information available regarding the deterioration of surgical face masks in the environment as well as other contaminants and their presence in various environments, particularly with regard to methods that make use of exposure models, biomarkers of exposure, and their limitations. Along with this, the study focuses on identifying gaps in current understanding and highlighting prospective research directions. The literature on surgical face mask pollution and its effects on the biological and physiological systems of various organisms and ecosystems is critically analysed in this review. It also raises awareness of how to properly dispose of used surgical face masks and other PPEs.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Humanos , Plásticos , Ecossistema , Estudos Prospectivos , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Microplásticos , Biota
3.
J Family Med Prim Care ; 11(8): 4536-4544, 2022 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36353006

RESUMO

Background: Healthcare professionals are particularly more vulnerable to Covid-19 pandemic infection, since they are on the front lines. The relatively high morbidity and mortality among healthcare workers all over the world because of Covid-19 is a major cause of concern. Objectives: To explore the awareness of the healthcare workers in primary care settings regarding COVID-19 as well as the role of personnel protective equipment (PPE) as protective measures and to discover any defects for further intervention. Material and Methods: Cross-sectional study design was carried out in the Al-Baha Region, Southwest of Saudi Arabia. It included a representative random sample of healthcare workers working at primary health care (PHC) centers belonging to the Ministry of Health. A self-administered valid questionnaire was utilized in the present study, which included three main parts: demographic data of the healthcare workers; questions to assess their knowledge about the current COVID-19 pandemic (four multiple choice questions); and questions to assess knowledge about personal protective measures and hand hygiene (ten questions). Results: The study included 451 participants. The age of more than half of the participants (51.7%) ranged between 31 and 45 years. Females represented 53.2% of them. Physicians, nurses, and pharmacists represented 36.1%, 24.2%, and 23.3% of the participants, respectively. History of attending infection control training activity in the previous 12 months was reported by 38.1% of the participants. Overall, 74.5% and 19.1% of the participants expressed a poor level of knowledge regarding the current COVID-19 pandemic and PPE/personal hygiene, respectively. Older healthcare workers (HCWs) (> 45 years), non-Saudi nationals, dentists, moderately experienced healthcare workers (6-10 years), and those who attended infection control training courses were more knowledgeable about the current COVID-19 pandemic and its self-protective measures compared to others. Conclusion: Most of the primary healthcare staff in the Al-Baha Region expressed a poor level of knowledge about the current COVID-19 pandemic and a moderate level regarding PPE and personal hygiene. Some indicators for poor knowledge were identified.

4.
Clin Microbiol Infect ; 28(11): 1471-1476, 2022 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35777605

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: This study assessed the roles of various exposures and personal protective equipment (PPE) use on healthcare workers' (HCWs) risk of COVID-19 working in primary care, long-term-care facilities or hospitals. METHODS: We conducted a matched case-control (1:1) study (10 April through 9 July 2021). Cases (HCWs with confirmed COVID-19) and controls (HCWs without any COVID-19-positive test or symptoms) were invited by E-mail to complete an online questionnaire on their exposures and PPE use over the 10-day period preceding inclusion. Risk factors were analysed using multivariable conditional logistic regression. RESULTS: A total of 2076 cases and 2076 matched controls were included. The analysis retained exposure to an infected person outside work (adjusted OR 19.9 (95% CI, 12.4-31.9)), an infected colleague (OR 2.26 (95% CI, 1.53-3.33)) or COVID-19 patients (OR 2.37 (95% CI, 1.66-3.40)), as independent predictors of COVID-19 in HCWs, while partial (OR 0.30 (95% CI, 0.22-0.40)) or complete (OR 0.19 (95% CI, 0.14-0.27)) immunisation was protective. Eye protection (OR 0.57 (95% CI, 0.37-0.87)) and wearing a gown (OR 0.58 (95% CI, 0.34-0.97)) for COVID-19 patient care were protective, while wearing an apron slightly increased the risk of infection (OR 1.47 (95% CI, 1.00-2.18)). Protection of N95 respirators and surgical face masks did not differ. Compared to medical professions, being a nurse (OR 3.79 (95% CI, 2.50-5.76)) or a nurse's aide (OR 9.08 (95% CI, 5.30-15.5)) was associated with COVID-19. Results were consistent across all healthcare settings. DISCUSSION: HCWs were more likely to get COVID-19 in their personal sphere than during occupational activities. Our results suggest that eye protection for HCWs during patient care should be actively promoted.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Assistência de Longa Duração , Pessoal de Saúde , Hospitais
5.
Ann Med Surg (Lond) ; 79: 103972, 2022 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35757309

RESUMO

As of 6 June 2022, a sum 25,782 of active cases and 524,701 deaths due to Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) have been recorded in India. Stewing in the flares of the pandemic, Kerala is entwined in the wrath of multiple emerging infectious diseases. India, a home to 1.3 billion people, recently faced a devastating second wave of COVID-19 during May of 2021, with a ruckus of chronic shortage of medicine, oxygen supplies, ventilators, besides, being challenged by secondary infections and chronic health ailments. The state of Kerala, alone contributes to 50% COVID-19 caseload, besides, recent simultaneous outbreaks of Zika Virus Disease (ZVD), Nipah Virus Disease (NiVD) and Kala-azar (black fever) on July 8, September 5 and 8, 2021 respectively. Syndemicity and a high case fatality rates of these highly contagious diseases coupled with post infection sequelae, overwhelm the already fragile healthcare system. Thus, these lethal infectious diseases along with an anticipated third wave of COVID-19 pose a serious public health threat in and around South India. With this narrative review, we aim to discuss the challenges that the emergence of intersecting outbreaks of Zika, Nipah, Kala-azar presents with, in the nation, amidst the global pandemic of COVID-19 and provide recommendations so as to help alleviate the situation. The syndemicity of COVID-19 with other infectious diseases, calls for adequate surveillance and monitoring of diseases' outbreaks. To avoid the worst situations like pandemic, the health ministry, public and private health stakeholders in India should strengthen the public healthcare delivery system and providence of quick medical facilities to control the rate of mortality and morbidity during outbreaks.

6.
Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin (Engl Ed) ; 40(5): 241-247, 2022 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35577442

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Healthcare workers have a high risk of cross-infection during the care of Covid-19 cases. Personal protective equipment can reduce the risk. However, healthcare workers must be trained for the proper use of personal protective equipment to decrease exposure risk. This study aimed to investigate whether videos available on YouTube, presenting procedures of donning and doffing personal protective equipment, can be a useful learning resource for healthcare workers. METHODS: A search of YouTube was conducted using the keywords "Covid-19, personal protective equipment, donning, doffing". Two investigators reviewed each video and collected the basic video information. Total videos were assessed independently as educationally useful and non-useful categories using a valid tool. The relationship of each video's usefulness with viewers' preferences and the upload source were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 300 videos were assessed; 66 (22%) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Total video scores of educationally useful videos were higher than non-useful ones; the differences were significant. Healthcare/government agencies and hospitals mostly created educationally useful videos, e-learning platforms, and individuals mainly created non-useful videos. Significant correlations were observed between the video's usefulness and the total view and views per day. CONCLUSIONS: During a pandemic, YouTube might be a resource for learning donning and doffing of personal protective equipment for healthcare workers if an appropriate selection process applied for determining educationally useful videos.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Equipamento de Proteção Individual , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Pessoal de Saúde , Humanos , Pandemias/prevenção & controle
7.
Biomed Mater Devices ; : 1-15, 2022 Oct 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37363135

RESUMO

The outbreak of COVID-19 has drastically affected the daily lifestyles of people globally where specific Coronavirus-2 transmits primarily by respiratory droplets. Structurally, the SARS-CoV-2 virus is made up of four types of proteins in which S-protein is indispensable among them, as it causes rapid replication in the host body. Therefore, the glycine and alanine composed of HR1 of S-protein is the ideal target for antiviral action. Different forms of surface-active PPEs can efficiently prevent this transmission in this circumstance. However, the virus can survive on the conventional PPEs for a long time. Hence, the nanotechnological approaches based on engineered nanomaterials coating on medical equipments can potentially prevent the dissemination of infections in public. Silver nanoparticles with tuneable physicochemical properties and versatile chemical functionalization provide an excellent platform to combat the disease. The coating of amine-functionalized silver nanoparticle (especially amine linked to aliphatic chain and trialkoxysilane) in its nanostructured form enables cloths trap and kill efficient. PPEs are a primary and reliable preventive measure, although they are not 100% effective against viral infections. So, developing and commercializing surface-active PPEs with trap and kill efficacy is highly needed to cope with current and future viral infections. This review article discusses the COVID-19 morphology, antiviral mechanism of Ag-NPs against SARS-CoV-2 virus, surface factors that influence viral persistence on fomites, the necessity of antiviral PPEs, and the potential application of amine-functionalized silver nanoparticles as a coating material for the development of trap and kill-efficient face masks and PPE kits.

8.
Front Public Health ; 8: 562882, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33335876

RESUMO

The tragic failure of the global supply chain in the face of the current coronavirus outbreak has caused acute shortages of essential frontline medical devices and personal protective equipment, crushing fear among frontline health workers and causing fundamental concerns about the sustainability of the health system. Much more coordination, integration, and management of global supply chains will be needed to mitigate the impact of the pandemics. This article describes the pressing need to revisit the governance and resilience of the supply chains that amplified the crisis at pandemic scale. We propose a model that profiles critical stockpiles and improves production efficiency through new technologies such as advanced analytics and blockchain. A new governance system that supports intervention by public-health authorities during critical emergencies is central to our recommendation, both in the face of the current crisis and to be better prepared for potential future crises. These reinforcements offer the potential to minimize the compromise of our healthcare workers and health systems due to infection exposure and build capacity toward preparedness and action for a future outbreak.


Assuntos
COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Planejamento em Desastres/estatística & dados numéricos , Surtos de Doenças/prevenção & controle , Pandemias/prevenção & controle , Pandemias/estatística & dados numéricos , Equipamento de Proteção Individual/provisão & distribuição , Equipamento de Proteção Individual/estatística & dados numéricos , Saúde Global/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , SARS-CoV-2
9.
Neurol India ; 68(4): 796-799, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32859815

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTION: Donning and doffing of personal protective equipments (PPE) has become relevant especially during COVID-19 pandemic and neurosurgeons operating upon COVID-19 positive or suspect patients should be aware of proper technique of donning and doffing of PPE.[1] Surgeries involving direct exposure of anterior nasal spaces/paranasal sinuses carry significantly more risk of infection and it may be prudent to use PPE while operating all such cases.[2]. OBJECTIVE: In this video, we present our extensive protocol of donning and doffing of PPE which we have devised for our operating room. TECHNIQUE: Donning consists of wearing of the PPE in a proper sequence so as to afford maximal protection from viral infection while conducting the surgical procedure. Various components of PPE and procedure of donning is shown followed by doffing, the sequential and safe removal of the PPE. RESULTS: A meticulous method of donning and doffing PPE for neurosurgeons handling COVID-19 positive / suspect cases has been shown . CONCLUSION: Proper sequence of donning and doffing of PPE gear is of crucial importance during the COVID pandemic to prevent infection to the health care workers while handling COVID-19 positive/suspect cases and this video demonstrates the protocol we use at our institute.


Assuntos
Betacoronavirus/patogenicidade , Infecções por Coronavirus/prevenção & controle , Controle de Infecções , Salas Cirúrgicas , Pandemias/prevenção & controle , Pneumonia Viral/prevenção & controle , COVID-19 , Pessoal de Saúde , Humanos , Controle de Infecções/métodos , Equipamento de Proteção Individual , SARS-CoV-2
10.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33384187

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Healthcare workers have a high risk of cross-infection during the care of Covid-19 cases. Personal protective equipment can reduce the risk. However, healthcare workers must be trained for the proper use of personal protective equipment to decrease exposure risk. This study aimed to investigate whether videos available on YouTube, presenting procedures of donning and doffing personal protective equipment, can be a useful learning resource for healthcare workers. METHODS: A search of YouTube was conducted using the keywords "Covid-19, personal protective equipment, donning, doffing". Two investigators reviewed each video and collected the basic video information. Total videos were assessed independently as educationally useful and non-useful categories using a valid tool. The relationship of each video's usefulness with viewers' preferences and the upload source were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 300 videos were assessed; 66 (22%) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Total video scores of educationally useful videos were higher than non-useful ones; the differences were significant. Healthcare/government agencies and hospitals mostly created educationally useful videos, e-learning platforms, and individuals mainly created non-useful videos. Significant correlations were observed between the video's usefulness and the total view and views per day. CONCLUSIONS: During a pandemic, YouTube might be a resource for learning donning and doffing of personal protective equipment for healthcare workers if an appropriate selection process applied for determining educationally useful videos.

11.
J Clin Diagn Res ; 11(9): CC01-CC04, 2017 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29207697

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Indiscriminate use and improper handling of synthetic pesticides in agriculture have resulted in serious problems such as asthma, wheeze and chronic bronchitis among the farmers. Though number of studies have been done on pesticide exposure and its effect on cardiorespiratory parameters in Northern India, only few studies were done in Southern India, thus this study was chosen. AIM: To find the cardiorespiratory changes in farm workers exposed to organophosphorus pesticides. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR), blood pressure, pulse rate were measured among 35 farm workers of Palayam and Naduveerpattu village of Cuddalore district and 35 age, sex, BMI matched controls were taken from urban area and the same parameters were measured in both groups from 10 am-12 am in the morning. History of use of personal protective equipments like face mask, eye mask, special clothes, shoes, hat, history of respiratory symptoms and hygienic work practices was also obtained from the farmers. Chi-square test was used to analyse the qualitative data. All values were expressed as Mean±SD. Students unpaired t-test was used to compare PEFR between two groups and to compare the duration of exposure and PEFR using GRAPH PAD PRISM. The p<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. RESULTS: There was a significant decrease in PEFR among the farmers (p<0.001) compared to the controls. On comparing the duration of exposure of pesticide and the PEFR values by unpaired Students t-test, there was a significant difference with p-value of 0.03. Blood Pressure did not show any significant difference between the two groups. But the pulse rate was significantly decreased among the farmers (p<0.001) which could be due to their regular physical activity. About 71% of the farmers used personal protective equipments. CONCLUSION: Thus, chronic exposure to organophosphorus pesticides has an impact on PEFR among the farmers.

12.
Indian J Occup Environ Med ; 18(2): 89-94, 2014 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25568604

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The modern ship building industry, which encompasses the ship yards and marine equipment manufacturing, is an important and strategic industry. The various activities in modern ship building, maintenance, and repair have to be carried out at heights, or in closed confined spaces along with the added risk of exposure to chemicals and metal fumes. These activities expose the workers to various health hazards. AIMS: This study was carried out with an aim to assess the health profile of workers in the ship building industry and to assess the occupational health issues related to ship building. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: It was a cross-sectional study carried out on 100 randomly selected workers in a ship building yard in Mumbai, and their health profile was studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The workers were enquired for history of co-morbidities, addictions and personal protective equipment use, health-related complaints, and were examined systemically as well as for bedside tests for hearing and detailed systemic examination as per the history or co-morbidity. RESULTS: The important observations were those of prevalence of addictions (69%), irregular use of personal protective equipments (PPEs) among 50% of paint workers, presence of hypertension (20%), overweight (53%), osteoarthritis (10%), hearing loss (25%), and poor self-care. CONCLUSIONS: Health education to the workers regarding occupational hazards and lifestyle diseases along with more emphasis on the use of PPEs with regular health examination needs reinforcement.

13.
Med J Armed Forces India ; 66(2): 163-5, 2010 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27375327
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