Consulta não presencial do enfermeiro de família: Um estudo pré-experimental com pessoas idosas isoladas / Non-face-to-face consultations with family nurses: A pre-experimental study with older adults living alone in the community / Consultas no presenciales con enfermeros de familia: Un estudio preexperimental con personas mayores aisladas

Resumo Enquadramento: A solidão e/ou isolamento social (IS) representa um problema de saúde pública. Os enfermeiros de família (EF), têm um papel crucial na prevenção, identificação e intervenção dos mesmos. Objetivo: Avaliar o impacte do acompanhamento por consulta não presencial do EF no IS, qualidade de vida (QdV) e autogestão da doença de pessoas idosas (PI) a viver só na comunidade. Metodologia: Estudo pré-experimental com desenho pré e pós, com 24 PI. Utilizou-se na recolha de dados: a escala breve de redes sociais de Lubben, a escala World Health Organization Quality of Life Group e o instrumento de autocuidado terapêutico. Resultados: Após a intervenção verificou-se uma melhoria no acompanhamento pelo EF (p < 0,001), um aumento de 33,3% na gestão do autocuidado e redução do risco de IS (45,8% para 33,3%). Na QdV houve um aumento no score global, contudo não estatisticamente significativo. Conclusão: O acompanhamento por consulta não presencial do EF teve efeito positivo no contacto e acompanhamento pelo EF, mitigação do IS e na melhoria de atividades de autocuidado.

Abstract Background: Loneliness and social isolation are significant public health issues. Family nurses play a vital role in identifying and preventing these phenomena and designing interventions to address them. Objective: To evaluate the impact of non-face-to-face follow-up consultations with family nurses on social isolation, quality of life, and disease self-management of older adults living alone in the community. Methodology: This pre-experimental study utilizes a one-group pretest-posttest design on a sample of 24 older adult patients. The Lubben Social Network Scale-6 (LSNS-6), the World Health Organization Quality of Life Group (WHOQOL) - OLD scale, and the Portuguese Version of the Therapeutic Self-Care Scale were used for data collection. Results: Following the intervention, patients' satisfaction with the family nurse's follow-up improved (p < 0.001). Additionally, there was a 33.3% increase in self-care management and a reduction in the risk of social isolation (45.8% to 33.3%). Although not statistically significant, there was also an increase in the global score of the quality of life variable. Conclusion: The non-face-to-face telenursing consultations positively affected the older adult patients' satisfaction with the family nurse's contact and follow-up, reduced social isolation, and improved self-care activities.

Resumen Marco contextual: La soledad o el aislamiento social (IS) constituyen un problema de salud pública. Los enfermeros de familia (EF) desempeñan un papel crucial en la prevención, identificación e intervención en estos problemas. Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto del seguimiento mediante consulta no presencial del EF en el IS, la calidad de vida (QdV) y la autogestión de la enfermedad en personas mayores (PI) que viven solas en la comunidad. Metodología: Estudio preexperimental con diseño previo y posterior, con 24 PI. Para la recogida de datos se utilizó la escala breve de redes sociales de Lubben, la escala World Health Organization Quality of Life Group y el instrumento de autocuidado terapéutico. Resultados: Tras la intervención, se produjo una mejora de la supervisión por parte de los EF (p < 0,001), un aumento del 33,3% en la gestión del autocuidado y la reducción del riesgo de IS (45,8% para 33,3%). En la QdV hubo un aumento de la puntuación global, pero no fue estadísticamente significativo. Conclusión: El seguimiento mediante consulta no presencial con el EF tuvo un efecto positivo en el contacto y acompañamiento por parte del EF, la reducción del IS y la mejora de las actividades de autocuidado.

[Patients' Predisposition to Participate in Clinical Trials at Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Study]. / Predisposición de los pacientes a participar en ensayos clínicos en el Hospital Dr. César Milstein: un estudio de corte transversal.

INTRODUCTION: Clinical trials are a fundamental tool in evidence-based medicine, with participant recruitment being a critical factor for their execution. Low participation in a study leads to inadequate sample size. Older adults constitute a minority in clinical trials, and various factors influence their level of participation and retention during the study process. Our objective is to determine the willingness of older adults to participate in clinical trials and identify their main barriers and facilitator. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out on outpatient adults over 60 years of age. The rate of desire for voluntary participation in clinical trials was determined and through a validated survey "National Health Information Trends Survey (HINTS 5, cycle 4)" the knowledge, rate of prior participation in CE and the influence of different factors that could be associated with a positive attitude to participate. These factors were analyzed using ordinal logistic regression. RESULTS: 251 older adults were surveyed. Of them, 171 (68%) reported not having any knowledge about clinical trials and 80 (31.87%) reported having it to some degree. 12 patients (5%) previously participated in a CS and up to 88 patients (35%) expressed that they would probably or definitely participate in one. It was observed that, the older the age, the less willingness to participate in CE [OR]: 0.55 (CI 95% 0.34-0.88). Likewise, male sex was associated with a greater desire to participate [OR]: 1.74 (CI 95% 1.06-2.84), respectively. The scenarios that were associated with a greater desire to participate in CE were knowing that by participating you could help others [OR]: 1.95 (95% CI 1.36-2.178), the possibility of receiving help for participating [OR]: 1.69 (95% CI 1.26-2.26) and the possibility of trying a new type of medical care [OR]: 1.71 (95% CI 1.20-2.42). CONCLUSIONS: The level of knowledge about CE among older adults is low and up to a third of them would participate as volunteers in a CE. The dissemination of information about ECs could encourage a higher participation rate.

[Acceptance and intention to use of a physiological sensor shirt in health field in older patients]. / Aceptación e intención de uso de una camiseta con sensores fisiológicos en el ámbito de la salud en pacientes mayores.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the acceptance and intention to use physiological sensor shirt among older patients in healthcare, as well as to identify the factors that encourage a positive attitude towards its adoption. METHODS: Cross-sectional study using questionnaires addressed to patients between 60 and 85years of age, administered via face-to-face interviews to determine intention to use a shirt with physiological sensors. The extended version of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) questionnaire was used in conjunction with administration of the quality of life and perceived stress scales. RESULTS: Forty-eight patients participated in the study, 54.2% were male with a mean age of 70.5years. The mean scores for attitude towards use and intention to use were 3.9 (SD: 0.8) and 3.3 (SD: 0.8), respectively, out of a maximum of 5. The willingness to use the device was positive in 72.9% of patients The patients intending to use wearable technology (n=35) scored significantly higher than those unwilling to wear the shirt (n=13) on perceived ubiquity (P=.031), perceived ease of use (P=.002), and perceived utility (P=.007). CONCLUSIONS: In a sample of independent older adults from the healthcare sector, a high willingness to use a shirt with physiological sensors was found. Through the TAM questionnaire, ubiquity, perceived ease of use, and perceived usefulness were identified as key factors predisposing its adoption.

Educação em saúde para pessoa idosa: um relato de experiência das ações desenvolvidas em estágio de saúde coletiva em medicina / Health education for older adults: an experience report of the actions developed in a collective health internship in medicine / Educación en salud para personas mayores: reporte de experiencia de acciones desarrolladas en una pasantía de salud colectiva en medicina

Introdução:O processo do cuidado integral à saúde é missão básica do Sistema Único de Saúde e da atenção primária à saúde. Objetivo:Relatar a experiência de ação interventiva na população idosa acerca da prevenção de doenças crônicas prevalentes nessa faixa etária, no território de uma unidade de saúde da família no município de Parnamirim. Metodologia:Trata-se de um estudo descritivo do tipo relato de experiência que foi desenvolvido a partir de um projeto de intervenção em estágio desaúde coletiva, com ênfase na educação em saúde para a pessoa idosa e portadora de diabetes mellitus e hipertensão arterial sistêmica, em uma unidade de saúde da família de Parnamirim, em abril de 2023. Resultados:A partir da ação, que abarcou estagiários de Medicina e a equipe multiprofissional da atenção primária à saúde, foi possível explanar a importância das ações no âmbito da saúde coletiva e do seguimento terapêutico, farmacológico e não farmacológico, para gerar autonomia e autogestão de disfunções crônicas e diminuir a probabilidade de complicações inerentes, como infarto agudo do miocárdio, nefropatia, retinopatia e polineuropatia diabética. Conclusões:A experiência foi de grande valia para todos os participantes, ao contar com elementos proeminentes na implementação da saúde no cenário da atenção básica em nosso país, especialmente com a pretensão de rastreio e controle de patologias crônicas de alta prevalência, e que são uma das principais causas de morbimortalidade no Brasil (AU).

Introduction:The process of comprehensive health care is the basic mission of the Unified Health System and primary health care. Objective:To report the experience of an intervention in a population of older adults regarding the prevention of chronic diseases prevalent in this age group in the territory of a family health unit in the city of Parnamirim. Methodology:This is a descriptive study of the experience report typethat was developed from an intervention project in a public health internship with an emphasis on health education for older adults with diabetes mellitus and systemic hypertension arterial at a family health unit in Parnamirim in april 2023. Results:Based on the action, which included medical interns and the multidisciplinary primary health care team, it was possible to explain the importance of actions within the scope of public health and therapeutic, pharmacological and non-pharmacological monitoring to generate autonomy and self-management of chronic dysfunctions and reduce the likelihood of inherent complications, such as acute myocardial infarction, nephropathy, retinopathy and diabetic polyneuropathy. Conclusions:The experience was of great value to all participants, as it included prominent elements in the implementation of health in the primary care scenario in our country, especially with the aim of screening and controlling high-prevalence chronic pathologies which are among the main causes of morbidity and mortality in Brazil (AU).

Introducción: El proceso de atención integral en salud es la misión básica del Sistema Único de Salud y de la atención primaria de salud. Objetivo: Relatar la experiencia de intervención en población de adultos mayores en relación a la prevención de enfermedades crónicas prevalentes en ese grupo etario, en el territorio de una unidad de salud de la familia de la ciudad de Parnamirim.Metodología: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo del tipo relato de experiencia que se desarrolló a partir de un proyecto de intervención en una pasantía de salud pública, con énfasis en educación en salud para adultos mayores y personas con diabetes mellitus e hipertensión arterial sistémica, en una unidad de salud de la familia de Parnamirim, en abril de 2023. Resultados: A partir de la acción, que incluyó a médicos pasantes y al equipo multidisciplinario de atención primaria a la salud, fue posible explicar la importancia de las acciones en el ámbito de la salud pública y seguimiento terapéutico, farmacológico y no farmacológico, para generar autonomía y autocontrol de las disfunciones crónicas y reducir la probabilidad de complicaciones inherentes, como infarto agudo del miocardio, nefropatía, retinopatía y polineuropatía diabética.Conclusiones: La experiencia fue de gran valor para todos los participantes, ya que incluyó elementos destacados en la implementación de la salud en el escenario de la atención primaria en nuestro país, especialmente con el objetivo de cribar y controlar patologías crónicas de alta prevalencia, que son una de las principales causas de morbilidad y mortalidad en Brasil (AU).

[Coin tossing: Development of a computerized test to assess cognitive flexibility in older adults]. / Lanzando la moneda. Desarrollo de una prueba informática para evaluar la flexibilidad cognitiva en las personas mayores.

BACKGROUND: The aging population is increasing. Aging has been associated with some degree of cognitive decline, especially in functions such as cognitive flexibility. The voluntary task-switching paradigm is a novel model for studying this function. The aim of this work was to design and test a computerized instrument to assess cognitive flexibility with this paradigm. METHODS: A non-probabilistic and intentional sample of individuals aged 60 and above (N=57; M=70; SD=7.5), 72% of whom were women, was utilized. A general cognitive screening test (ACE III) and the "Coin Tossing" task, a computerized program consisting of four levels of complexity, were administered. RESULTS: A Wilcoxon test was used to contrast parity versus size responses (z(56)=-1.16, P=.24). To assess repetition bias, a Wilcoxon test was conducted between new and repeated responses (TR: z(56)=-1.81, P=.07 // Accuracy: z(56)=-6.33, P=.00). A repeated measures ANOVA was performed between reaction times before, during, and after a response change, F(1.02)=59.6, P<.01, η2=.937, B-1=1. And a repeated measures ANOVA between mean RTs per level, F(3)=7.92, P<.001, η2=.128, B-1=.98. CONCLUSIONS: The test was designed with a progressive structure across levels. The theoretical assumptions of the paradigm were partially demonstrated, showing its utility for the assessment and training of cognitive flexibility.

Prevalence of suspected abuse of non-institutionalized older people treated in primary care. PRESENCIA study.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of suspected abuse of non-institutionalised elderly people and the associated variables. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, multicentre study in patients aged 65 years or older, non-institutionalised, consecutively selected in primary care (PC). The EASI questionnaires (Suspected Elderly Abuse Index), the EAI questionnaire (Suspected Abuse Index in patients with cognitive impairment), the Barthel index, and the EUROQOL-5D questionnaire were used with patients, and the CASE questionnaire and the Zarit test were used with caregivers. Socio-demographic, health, and quality of life variables were analysed in all patients. RESULTS: Eight hundred four patients were included, mean age 78.9±7.9 years, 58.3% women. The prevalence of suspected abuse was 11.3% (95% CI: 9.1%-13.9%). Suspected abuse was more frequent in women than in men (14.4% vs. 7.1%; odds ratio (OR)=1.97; 95% CI=1.1-3.4; p=0.016) and in those who lived with two or more people compared to those who lived alone (18.4% vs. 7.3%; OR=2.42; 95% CI=1.1-5.0; p=0.017). Among older patients, the lower their dependency, the lower the prevalence of suspected abuse (30.0% in highly dependent vs. 8.7% in non-dependent: p-trend=0.006); and the better the perceived health status, the lower the prevalence of suspected abuse (29.6% in poor health status vs. 6.9% in optimal health status; p-trend=<0.001). Among caregivers, the prevalence of suspected abuse was 20.4% (95% CI=12.8%-28.0%). A trend of higher prevalence of suspected abuse could be observed with higher scores on the CASE questionnaire (56.3% at high risk and 9.6% with no risk of abuse; p-trend=0.007). In the case of the ZARIT questionnaire with scores below 47, the prevalence of suspected abuse was 9.1%, and for scores above 55, it was 52.6% (p-trend<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The results of the PRESENCIA study show that approximately 1 in 10 patients aged ≥65 meet the criteria for suspected abuse. The probability of abuse increases in women, in patients with greater dependency and in patients with poorer perceived health status. Caregivers with greater overload and greater risk presented a greater suspicion of elder abuse.

Incidence of Muscular Strength, Anthropometry, and Asymmetry in the General Index of Autonomy in Older Chilean Women / Incidencia de la Fuerza Muscular, Antropometría y Asimetría en el Índice General de Autonomía en Mujeres Mayores Chilenas

SUMMARY: Frailty affects the functional autonomy (FA) of older adults and could manifest itself in muscle imbalances in the limbs, resulting in a disparity in size and strength between them. In Chile, information on the relationship between muscle strength (MS) levels and FA asymmetries in older women is limited. This study related the levels of MS, anthropometric parameters, and asymmetries of the lower and upper limbs, with the FA of a group of older Chilean women. The study included 39 women who participated, and their FA was evaluated using the GDLAM index (IG). Based on the score obtained in the IG, they were classified by percentiles as Group 1 with favorable FA (P ≤ 50) and Group 2 with low FA (P > 50). Anthropometric parameters were BMI, fat percentage, bone mass, circumferences (arm, thigh, calf), diameters (humerus, femur) and upper/lower limb strength was evaluated to determine asymmetries. The differences between the covariates of both groups were evaluated using the student's t test and the Mann-Whitney test for independent samples. G1 presented less asymmetry (p > 0.05) in the lower limbs and greater calf circumference than G2 (p < 0.05). G1 presented greater bilateral strength (dominant and non-dominant limb) compared to G2 (p < 0.05). The covariates of age, anthropometry, MS, and lower/upper limb asymmetries influence FA in older women.

La fragilidad afecta la autonomía funcional (AF) de las personas mayores y podría manifestarse en desequilibrios musculares en los miembros, dando lugar a una disparidad de tamaño y fuerza entre ellos. En Chile, la información que relaciona los niveles de fuerza muscular (FM) y las asimetrías con la AF en mujeres mayores es limitada. Este estudio relacionó los niveles de FM, parámetros antropométricos y asimetrías de los miembros inferiores y superiores, con la AF de un grupo de mujeres mayores chilenas. Participaron 39 mujeres, cuya AF se evaluó mediante el índice GDLAM (IG). En función de la puntuación obtenida en el IG, se clasificaron por percentiles en Grupo 1 con AF favorable (P ≤ 50) y Grupo 2 con AF baja (P > 50). Los parámetros antropométricos fueron IMC, porcentaje de grasa, masa ósea, circunferencias (brazo, muslo, pantorrilla), diámetros (húmero, fémur) y se evaluó la fuerza de los miembros superiores/ inferiores para determinar asimetrías. Las diferencias entre las covariables de ambos grupos se evaluaron mediante la prueba t de student y la prueba de Mann-Whitney para muestras independientes. G1 presentó menor asimetría (p > 0,05) en los miembros inferiores y mayor perímetro de pantorrilla que G2 (p < 0,05). G1 presentó mayor fuerza bilateral (miembro dominante y no dominante) en comparación con G2 (p < 0,05). Las covariables de antropometría, FM y asimetrías de extremidades inferiores/superiores influyen en la AF en mujeres mayores.

Loneliness impact on healthcare utilization in primary care: A retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: An increased number of patients seek help for loneliness in primary care. OBJECTIVE: To analyze whether loneliness was associated with a higher utilization of healthcare facilities. METHODS: Observational, retrospective study based on the review of routinely coded data in the digital medical record system in a random sample of patients aged 65 or older, stratified by population size of their residence area. A minimum sample size was estimated at 892 medical records. Loneliness was defined as the negative feeling that arises when there is a mismatch between the quantity and quality of a person's social relationships and those, they desire. Thirty-three primary care nurses (30 females and 3 males) were reviewing the data. RESULTS: A total of 932 medical records of patients were reviewed (72% belonged to female patients). Of these, 657 individuals were living alone (71.9%). DeJong Scale average scores was 8.9 points (SD 3.1, 95CI 8.6-9.1). The average annual attendance to primary care ranged from 12.2 visits per year in the case of family practice, 10.7 nurse, 0.7 social workers. The average number of home visits was 3.2, and the urgent consultations attended at health centers were 1.5 per year. Higher feelings of loneliness were associated with extreme values in the frequency of healthcare resource usage. Compared to their peers of the same age, the additional healthcare resource consumption amounted to €802.18 per patient per year. CONCLUSION: Loneliness is linked to higher healthcare resource usage in primary care, with individuals experiencing poorer physical and mental health utilizing these resources up to twice as much as their peers of the same age.

[Correlation between physical activity and the symptoms of depression in senior centers in Lima, Peru]. / Correlación entre la actividad física y la sintomatología depresiva en centros integrales del adulto mayor de Lima, Perú.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Depression in the elderly is a growing problem, and exercise is a strategy to prevent it. We aim to identify the correlation between scores obtained in the Geriatric Depression Scale - 15 items (GDS-15) for depressive symptomatology and Metabolic equivalent of task (MET) obtained in the International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Form (IPAQ-S) for physical activity in aged attending senior centers in a district of Lima, Peru. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study in three senior centers in Miraflores, Lima, Peru. Participants (n=158) completed a three-part questionnaire, including a sociodemographic survey to collect general participant data, the GDS-15 to assess the level of depressive symptomatology, and the IPAQ-S to evaluate the amount of physical activity performed in the last week. RESULTS: A mild but significant inverse linear correlation was identified between the GDS-15 score and METs obtained in the IPAQ-S (rho=-0.213, p=0.007). Moderate to severe depressive symptomatology decreased with a higher level of physical activity: 4.3% low level, 3.3% moderate level, and no cases in those with vigorous activity; however, these differences were not significant (p=0.541, Kendall's Tau B test). CONCLUSIóN: The results showed that individuals with moderate to severe depressive symptoms show a lower level of depressive symptoms in relation to the degree of physical activity carried out in the last week.

Cuidados de enfermagem no banho de aspersão em instituição de longa permanência: revisão integrativa / Nursing care in the spray bath in a long-term care institution: integrative review

Identificar os cuidados de enfermagem necessários para o banho de aspersão seguro para idosos no quotidiano de uma instituição de longa permanência. Método: Revisão Integrativa da literatura, recorte entre 2001 e 2022. Os dados dos estudos incluídos resultaram em uma síntese descritiva, fundamentada na Teoria das Necessidades Humanas Básicas. Resultados: Obteve-se 13 estudos sobre cuidados no banho com e sem auxílio, envolvendo o equilíbrio psicobiológico, psicossocial e psicoespiritual, remoção de barreiras ambientais, adaptação domiciliar, maneiras de abordagem, musicoterapia e cuidados com a integridade da pele, oportunizando segurança e qualidade nas ações prestadas. Conclusões: Os cuidados precisam estar integrados às necessidades humanas básicas, respeitando as peculiaridades do processo de envelhecimento e as fragilidades dos idosos mais vulneráveis. A qualificação dos profissionais de enfermagem/cuidadores formais visa a padronização da execução do procedimento e a redução de ocorrência de desvios de procedimento.(AU)

To identify the nursing care necessary for safe spray baths for elderly people in daily life in a long-term care institution. Method: Integrative literature review, cut between 2001 and 2022. Data from the included studies resulted in a descriptive synthesis, based on the Theory of Basic Human Needs. Results: 13 studies were obtained on bath care with and without assistance, involving psychobiological, psychosocial and psychospiritual balance, removal of environmental barriers, home adaptation, approaches, music therapy and care for the integrity of the skin, providing safety and quality in the actions provided. Conclusions: Care needs to be integrated with basic human needs, respecting the peculiarities of the aging process and the weaknesses of the most vulnerable elderly people. The qualification of nursing professionals/formal caregivers aims to standardize the execution of the procedure and reduce the occurrence of procedural deviations.(AU)

Identificar los cuidados de enfermería necesarios para baños de aspersión seguros para personas mayores en la vida diaria en una institución de cuidados a largo plazo. Método: Revisión integrativa de la literatura, cortada entre 2001 y 2022. Los datos de los estudios incluidos resultaron en una síntesis descriptiva, basada en la Teoría de las Necesidades Humanas Básicas. Resultados: Se obtuvieron 13 estudios sobre cuidados del baño con y sin asistencia, involucrando equilibrio psicobiológico, psicosocial y psicoespiritual, remoción de barreras ambientales, adaptación domiciliaria, abordajes, musicoterapia y cuidado de la integridad de la piel, brindando seguridad y calidad en las acciones. proporcionó. Conclusiones: Los cuidados deben integrarse con las necesidades humanas básicas, respetando las peculiaridades del proceso de envejecimiento y las debilidades de las personas mayores más vulnerables. La calificación de los profesionales de enfermería/cuidadores formales tiene como objetivo estandarizar la ejecución del procedimiento y reducir la ocurrencia de desviaciones procesales.(AU)

[Cognitive, Emotional and Dependency Level on Institutionalized Older Adults]. / Estado cognitivo, emocional y nivel de dependencia en personas adultas y mayores institucionalizadas.

INTRODUCTION: It is necessary to analyze the aging process in institutionalized older people. For this purpose, a descriptive and analytical epidemiological study was carried out in nursing homes for older adults before the COVID-19 pandemic. OBJECTIVE: Provide an in-depth insight into cognitive (MEC), emotional (Geriatric Depression Scale), and functional (Barthel Scale) status within the older adult participants. METHOD: A sample of 973 participants analyzed the relationship between cognitive status, vulnerability to depression, and autonomous performance in Daily Day Activities (DDA) to predict the impact of the comorbidity of these variables. Therefore, in addition to the general distribution of the sample in the previously mentioned dimensions, differences were analyzed according to gender, age, educational level, and geographic area. RESULTS: The results confirm the hypothesis that a more impaired cognitive state is associated with higher levels of depression and lower functional capacity. The MEC scores have positive and highly significant correlations with Barthel and Yesavage. The relationship between dementia and autonomy is observed for both sexes, while the relationship between dementia and depression is only observed in women. The educational level influences the MEC scores (the more education, the better performance) and the Barthel scores (the less education, the greater dependency). Statistically significant differences were also found depending on the area of residence location. CONCLUSIONS: The more deteriorated cognitive state will be associated with a higher level of depression and lower functional capacity in daily life activities.

Prevenção de quedas em idosos: relato de experiência de formação em serviço para equipe de saúde da família / Prevention of falls in the elderly: report of experience of in-service training for the family health team / prevención de caídas en ancianos: relato de experiencia de capacitación en servicio para el equipo de salud de la familia

A transição demográfica com aumento da expectativa de vida tem colocado em evidência um importante problema de saúde pública: as quedas. As quedas provocam comprometimentos na vida dos idosos, mesmo as ocorrências com lesões de menor gravidade, podem deixar sequelas, produzir impacto significativo na qualidade de vida e colaboram para o aumento da morbidade, em algumas situações, mortalidade. Este estudo tem por objetivo desenvolver um curso de qualificação profissional sobre prevenção de quedas que acometem idosos, para profissionais das estratégias de Saúde da Família. O cenário de construção da proposta formativa foi o município de Balneário Gaivota, Estado de Santa Catarina, em três Unidades Básicas de Saúde, com 52 profissionais das estratégias de Saúde da Família, a saber: quatro médicos, três enfermeiros, seis técnicos de enfermagem, três odontólogos, três auxiliares de consultório odontológico, vinte e um agentes comunitários de saúde, quatro fisioterapeutas, dois psicólogos, um terapeuta ocupacional, dois recepcionistas e três higienizadoras. A construção da proposta formativa foi alicerçada nos preceitos teóricos do Arco de Charles Maguerez: observação da realidade, pontos chaves, hipóteses de solução, teorização e aplicação a realidade. Foram realizadas ainda três oficinas formativas em três Unidades básicas de saúde, norteadas pelo método criativo sensível adaptado. Os preceitos éticos foram respeitados e o estudo teve parecer favorável sob o número 5.821.177. O desenvolvimento do curso de qualificação profissional teve duração total de 6 horas aula e estruturou-se em cinco momentos. Observação da realidade: foi realizado um encontro de sensibilização com a gestão, a respeito do tema do projeto, apresentação de dados relativos a morbimortalidade relacionado as quedas; pontos chave: foram contempladas as quedas em idosos como problema de Saúde Coletiva, abordados na primeira oficina formativa com dados pertinentes ao tema; hipóteses de solução: para estruturação do processo formativo foram realizadas pesquisas em bases de dados com vistas a construção do arcabouço teórico sobre a temática; teorização: foi realizada a segunda oficina formativa, oportunizou-se socialização de conhecimentos relacionados à ocorrência, causas, locais, consequências e/ou complicações decorrentes das quedas, bem como início da construção de um material didático sobre prevenção de quedas; aplicação a realidade: foi o momento de abordarmos a prevenção na prática, discutiu-se sobre o tema durante a terceira oficina formativa, bem como apresentou-se o material elaborado com a colaboração dos profissionais e apresentação do Setor de Prevenção de Quedas. O desenvolvimento da proposta formativa oportunizou ampliar conhecimentos sobre quedas e as formas de atuação multiprofissional, colaborando para integração entre os membros das equipes e consequentemente qualificando assistência e ações à saúde do idoso. Esse processo formativo gerou aplicabilidade de um material didático na prática dos processos de trabalho das equipes de Saúde da Família e criação de um serviço municipal de prevenção de quedas.

The demographic transition with increased life expectancy has highlighted an important public health problem: falls. Falls in the elderly cause impairments in the lives of the elderly, even occurrences with minor injuries, can leave sequelae, produce a significant impact on quality of life and contribute to increased morbidity, in some situations, mortality. This study aimed to develop a professional qualification course on the prevention of falls that affect the elderly, for professionals of the Family Health strategies. The construction scenario of the formative proposal was the municipality of Balneário Gaivota, State of Santa Catarina, in three Basic Health Units, with 52 professionals of the Family Health strategies, namely: four doctors, three nurses, six nursing technicians, three dentists, three dental office assistants, twenty-one community health agents, four physiotherapists, two psychologists, one occupational therapist, two receptionists and three sanitizers. The construction of the formative proposal was based on the theoretical precepts of Charles Maguerez's Arch: observation of reality, key points, hypotheses of solution, theorization and application to reality. Three training workshops were also held in three Basic Health Units, guided by the adapted sensitive creative method. The ethical precepts were respected and the study had a favorable opinion under the number 5,821,17. The development of the Professional Qualification Course had a total duration of 6 hours/class and was structured in five moments; Observation of reality: a sensitization meeting was held with the management, regarding the theme of the project, presentation of data related to morbidity and mortality related to falls; Key points: falls in the elderly were considered as a Collective Health problem, addressed in the first formative workshop with data pertinent to the theme; Hypotheses of solution: to structure the formative process, searches were carried out in databases with a view to the construction of the theoretical framework on the theme; Theorization: the second formative workshop was held, socialization of knowledge related to the occurrence, causes, places, consequences and/or complications resulting from falls was provided, as well as the beginning of the construction of a didactic material on fall prevention; Application to reality: It was the moment to address prevention in practice, it was discussed on the subject during the third formative workshop, as well as the material elaborated with the collaboration of the professionals and presentation of Sector of Prevention of Falls. The development of the formative proposal provided the opportunity to expand knowledge about falls and the forms of multiprofessional action, collaborating for integration among team members and consequently qualifying care and actions for the health of the elderly. This formative process generated the applicability of a didactic material in the practice of the work processes of the Family Health teams and the creation of a municipal service for the prevention of falls.

La transición demográfica con el aumento de la esperanza de vida ha puesto de relieve un importante problema de salud pública: las caídas. Las caídas causan deficiencias en la vida de los ancianos, incluso ocurrencias con lesiones leves, pueden dejar secuelas, producir un impacto significativo en la calidad de vida y contribuir al aumento de la morbilidad, en algunas situaciones, la mortalidad. Desarrollar un curso de cualificación profesional sobre prevención de caídas que afectan a personas mayores, para profesionales de estrategias de Salud de la Familia. Métodos: el escenario de construcción de la propuesta formativa fue la ciudad de Balneário Gaivota, Estado de Santa Catarina, en tres Unidades Básicas de Salud, con 52 profesionales de las estrategias Salud de la Familia, a saber: cuatro médicos, tres enfermeros, seis técnicos de enfermería, tres odontólogos, tres auxiliares de odontólogo, veintiún agentes comunitarios de salud, cuatro fisioterapeutas, dos psicólogos, un terapeuta ocupacional, dos recepcionistas y tres desinfectantes. La construcción de la propuesta formativa se basó en los preceptos teóricos del Arco de Carlos Maguérez: observación de la realidad, puntos clave, hipótesis de solución, teorización y aplicación a la realidad. También se realizaron tres talleres de capacitación en tres unidades básicas de salud, guiados por el método creativo sensible adaptado. Se respetaron los preceptos éticos y el estudio tuvo una opinión favorable bajo el número 5.821.177. Resultados: el desarrollo del curso de cualificación profesional tuvo una duración total de 6 horas/clase y se estructuró en cinco momentos. Observación de la realidad: se realizó una reunión de sensibilización con la dirección, sobre el tema del proyecto, presentación de datos relacionados con la morbilidad y mortalidad relacionadas con las caídas; Puntos clave: las caídas en los ancianos fueron consideradas como un problema de Salud Colectiva, abordado en el primer taller de capacitación con datos pertinentes al tema; Hipótesis de solución: Para estructurar el proceso de formación, se realizó una investigación en bases de datos con el objetivo de construir el marco teórico sobre el tema; Teorización: se realizó el segundo taller formativo, se brindó socialización de conocimientos relacionados con la ocurrencia, causas, lugares, consecuencias y/o complicaciones resultantes de caídas, así como el inicio de la construcción de un material didáctico sobre prevención de caídas; Aplicación a la realidad: fue el momento de abordar la prevención en la práctica, el tema se discutió durante el tercer taller de capacitación, así como el material elaborado con la colaboración de profesionales y se presentó la presentación del Sector de Prevención de Caídas. El desarrollo de la propuesta formativa brindó la oportunidad de ampliar el conocimiento sobre las caídas y las formas de acción multiprofesional, colaborando para la integración entre los miembros del equipo y, en consecuencia, calificando los cuidados y acciones para la salud de las personas mayores. Este proceso formativo generó la aplicabilidad de un material didáctico en la práctica de los procesos de trabajo de los equipos de Salud de la Familia y la creación de un servicio municipal para la prevención de caídas.

Bons encontros e cidadania: os sentidos atribuídos ao serviço de convivência e fortalecimento de vínculos pelos(as) idosos(as) / Good meetings and citizenship: the meanings attributed to the service of coexistence and strengthening of bonds (serviço de convivência e fortalecimento de vínculos) by older adults / Buenos encuentros y ciudadanía: los significados atribuidos al servicio de convivencia y fortalecimiento de lazos por los adultos mayores

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar os dados produzidos por uma pesquisa qualitativa que investigou os sentidos atribuídos ao Serviço de Convivência e Fortalecimento de Vínculos (SCFV) por seus usuários(as) em Florianópolis/SC. Por meio da observação participante realizada em um SCFV durante três meses e da aplicação de uma entrevista coletiva com idosos(as), este artigo traz algumas análises sobre os processos de significação vivenciados por esses sujeitos. Apoiados na perspectiva sócio-histórica, elaboramos dois eixos de significação, que serão discutidos neste artigo: 1) Intersubjetividade e vínculo: o SCFV como "lugar acolhedor" e de "bons encontros"; 2) O(a) idoso(a) e os processos de exclusão: o SCFV como promotor da cidadania. Em termos de resultados, é possível afirmar que esse espaço se configura como um lugar importante na vida desses(as) idosos(as) - onde eles(as) se sentem acolhidos, ouvidos e reconhecidos como sujeitos. Além do fato de esse espaço ser marcado por afetos e "bons encontros", o grupo também o revelou como um lugar potente para processos de reflexão e questionamento contra as diversas formas de segregação e violências vividas cotidianamente por ele.(AU)

This study aims to analyze the data produced by qualitative research that investigated the meanings attributed to the Service of Coexistence and Strengthening of Bonds (Serviço de Convivência e Fortalecimento de Vínculos - SCFV) by its users in the municipality of Florianópolis. By participant observation carried out in an SCFV for three months and the application of a collective interview with older adults, this study will bring some analysis of the processes of meaning experienced by these subjects. Sustained by the socio-historical perspective, we elaborated two axes of meaning to be discussed in this study : 1. Intersubjectivity and bonding: the SCFV as a "warm place" and "good meetings;" and 2. Older adults and processes of exclusion: the SCFV as a enhancer of citizenship. Results show that this space configures an important place in the lives of these older adults — a place in which they feel welcomed, heard, and recognized as subjects. In addition to the fact this space is marked by affections and "good meetings," the group also shows itself as a potent place for processes of reflection and questioning against the various forms of segregation and violence daily experienced by these people.(AU)

Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar los datos producidos por un estudio cualitativo sobre los significados atribuidos al Servicio de Convivencia y Fortalecimiento de Lazos (SCFL) por sus usuarios en Florianópolis (Santa Catarina, Brasil). Desde la observación participante realizada en un SCFL durante el período de tres meses y desde la aplicación de una entrevista colectiva con personas mayores, este artículo presenta algunos análisis sobre los procesos de significado vividos por estos sujetos. Apoyados en la perspectiva sociohistórica, elaboramos dos ejes de significado que serán discutidos: 1) Intersubjetividad y vinculación: el SCFL como "lugar de acogida" y "buenos encuentros"; 2) Las personas mayores y los procesos de exclusión: el SCFV como promotor de ciudadanía. Los resultados permiten afirmar que este espacio se configura como un lugar importante en la vida de estas personas mayores, un lugar donde se sienten acogidos, escuchados y reconocidos como sujetos. Además de que este espacio está marcado por afectos y "buenos encuentros", el grupo también se reveló como un lugar propenso a procesos de reflexión y cuestionamiento frente a las diversas formas de segregación y violencia que viven a diario estas personas.(AU)

First steps towards the deinstitutionalization of older adults: A protocol for the implementation of a complex intervention.

BACKGROUND: Nursing homes are becoming increasingly important as end-of-life care facilities. However, many older adults want to stay in their homes as they age. OBJECTIVE: To assess the feasibility of a deinstitutionalization process on selected institutionalized older adults who are willing to initiate the process. METHODS: This study, divided into two phases, will be carried out over 15 months on 241 residents living in two nursing homes in Navarra (Spain). The first phase has a cross-sectional design. We will identify the factors and covariates associated with feasibility and willingness to participate in a deinstitutionalization process by bivariate analysis, essential resources for the process and residents to participate in the process. The second phase has a complex interventional design to implement a deinstitutionalization process. An exploratory descriptive and comparative analysis will be carried out to characterize the participants, prescribed services and the impact deinstitutionalization intervention will have over time (quality of life will be the main outcome; secondary variables will be health, psychosocial, and resource use variables). This study will be accompanied by a pseudo-qualitative and emergent sub-study to identify barriers and facilitators concerning the implementation of this process and understand how intervention components and context influence the outcomes of the main study. Intervention components and the way the intervention is implemented will be of great relevance in the analysis. DISCUSSION: Alternatives to institutionalization with adapted accommodation and community support can allow people who wish to return to the community. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT05605392.

Percepção sobre abandono afetivo em idoso institucionalizado / Perception of emotional neglect in institutionalized elderly / Percepción del abandono afectivo en adultos mayores institucionalizado

Objetivo: Compreender a percepção dos idosos institucionalizados quanto ao abandono afetivo por parte de seus familiares.Método: Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, comabordagemqualitativa. Conduzido por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas. A organização e análise dos dados foram baseadas na técnica de Minayo. O estudo foi realizado em uma Instituição de Longa Permanência para Idosos, localizada em uma cidade do nordeste de Santa Catarina.Resultados: Participaram do estudo nove idosos, com idades entre 60 e 89 anos, com diferentes estados civis (viúvos, casados e divorciados), variando sua escolaridade do nível básico ao superior, além de serem aposentados ou pensionistas. Foram identificadas quatro categorias analíticas: (1) vivência na instituição, (2) motivos para a institucionalização, (3) relacionamento familiar e (4) percepção do abandono familiar.Conclusão: alguns idosos enfatizaram sentir-se esquecidos na instituição, o que os deixa tristes e deprimidos. É crucial para a prática de a enfermagem compreender a realidade dos idosos nas Instituições de Longa Permanência, pois essa compreensão está diretamente ligada à prestação de cuidados em todos os níveis de assistência à saúde

Objective: To understand the perception of institutionalized elderly individuals regarding the emotional abandonment by their family members.Methodology: This is an exploratory study, using qualitative methods. Conducted through semi-structured interviews. Data organization and analysis were based on Minayo's technique. The study was conducted at a Long-Term Care Institution for the Elderly located in a city in northeastern Santa Catarina.Results: Nine elderly individuals participated in the study, ranging in age from 60 to 89 years old, with different marital statuses (widowed, married, and divorced), ranging in education from basic to higher levels, and being retirees or pensioners. Four analytical categories were identified: (1) experience in the institution, (2) reasons for institutionalization, (3) family relationships, and (4) perception of family abandonment.Conclusion: Some elderly individuals emphasized feeling forgotten in the institution, which makes them feel sad and depressed. Understanding the reality of the elderly in Long-Term Care Institutions is crucial for nursing practice, as this understanding is directly linked to providing care at all levels of healthcare assistance in the Health Care Network

Objetivo: Comprender la percepción de las personas mayores institucionalizadas con respecto al abandono afectivo por parte de sus familiares. Metodología:Se trata de un estudio exploratorio, utilizando métodos cualitativos. Realizado a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas. La organización y análisis de los datos se basaron en la técnica de Minayo. El estudio se llevó a cabo en una Institución de Larga Estadía para Personas Mayores lubicada en una ciudad del noreste de Santa Catarina. Resultados:Nueve personas mayores participaron en el estudio, con edades comprendidas entre 60 y 89 años, con diferentes estados civiles (viudos, casados y divorciados), variando en educación desde niveles básicos hasta superiores, y siendo jubilados o pensionistas. Se identificaron cuatro categorías analíticas: (1) experiencia en la institución, (2) motivos para la institucionalización, (3) relaciones familiares y (4) percepción del abandono familiar. Conclusión:Algunas personas mayores enfatizaron sentirse olvidadas en la institución, lo que los hace sentir tristes y deprimidas. Es crucial para la práctica de enfermería comprender la realidad de los adultos mayores en las Instituciones de Larga Estancia, ya que esta comprensión está directamente vinculada con la prestación de cuidados en todos los niveles de asistencia sanitaria en la Red de Atención a la Salud.

Evaluación de validez convergente y discriminante de un protocolo de cribado online para detección de deterioro cognitivo leve en personas mayores en Chile

Introducción: La detección temprana del deterioro cognitivo en personas mayores permite disminuir la incertidumbre y mejorar las tareas de intervención. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar las características psicométricas de un protocolo de cribado online para detectar tempranamente deterioro leve en personas mayores. Método: el método usado fue de tipo mixta con preguntas de tipo cuantitativas y cualitativas. La muestra fue de 75 personas mayores del gran Concepción, región del Bio-Bio. El protocolo estaba compuesto por: Cuestionario sociodemográfico, Test del Reloj Versión Cacho, Moca, Escala Depresión Yesavage y Test Acentuación de Palabras. El procedimiento consistió en la aplicación del protocolo a través de un Tablet o Laptop, videollamadas. Resultados: Se encontró que el protocolo presenta validez discriminante y convergente. Conclusiones: se concluye que el protocolo de cribado online para detectar tempranamente deterioro leve en personas mayores es válido y fiable. Se discute el uso y la aplicación de un protocolo cribado usando la Teleneuropsicología (TeleNP), en personas mayores

ABTRACT Introduction: Early detection of cognitive impairment in the elderly allows us to reduce uncertainty and improve intervention tasks. The objective of this research was to determine the psychometric characteristics of an online screening protocol for early detection of mild impairment in the elderly. Method: the method used was of a mixed type with quantitative and qualitative questions. The sample consisted of 75 older people from the greater Concepción, Bio-Bio region. The protocol consisted of: Sociodemographic Questionnaire, Cacho Version Clock Test, Mocha, Yesavage Depression Scale and Word Stress Test. The procedure consisted of the application of the protocol through a Tablet or Laptop, video calls. Results: It was found that the protocol presents discriminant and convergent validity. Conclusions: it is concluded that the online screening protocol for early detection of mild deterioration in the elderly is valid and reliable. The use and application of a screening protocol using Teleneuropsychology (TeleNP) in older people is discussed.

Marcadores de violência contra a pessoa idosa sob a perspectiva de enfermeiros / Markers of violence against older adults from the nurses' perspective / Marcadores de violencia contra las personas mayores desde la perspectiva de los enfermeros

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar os marcadores de violência contra pessoa idosa na perspectiva de enfermeiros. Método: estudo qualitativo conduzido no estado da Paraíba - Brasil, com a participação de nove enfermeiros, em dois grupos focais, durante junho e setembro de 2021. O material empírico foi transcrito na íntegra, transformado em corpus textual com análise de similitude. Resultados: no núcleo central da árvore máxima foi possível observar termos comuns a mais de uma tipificação de violência: "ciclo de violência", "confiança", "dominar", "sofrimento psíquico". Na violência física, "fraturas", "quebrar" e "jogar"; na psicológica, "ameaçar", "medo", "vergonha", "lesão", "corrimento vaginal" e "vaginal"; na financeira, "saque", "dependência" e "pegar"; na negligência, "falta", "insumo" e "higiene"; no abandono, "depressão", "solidão" e "tristeza". Conclusão: esta pesquisa valoriza a Enfermagem como ciência e profissão, especialmente na área forense, ao investigar a violência contra a pessoa idosa. A percepção do enfermeiro torna o processo de enfermagem mais confiável e útil na identificação, notificação e resolução das ocorrências.

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the markers of violence against older adults from the nurses' perspective. Method: a qualitative study conducted between June and September 2021 in the state of Paraíba (Brazil), with the participation of nine nurses in two focus groups. The empirical material was transcribed in full and transformed into a text corpus with similarity analysis. Results: in the central core of the maximum tree, it was possible to observe terms common to more than one typification of violence, such as: "cycle of violence", "trust", "dominate", "psychological distress". In physical violence: "fractures", "break" and "throw"; in psychological violence: "threat", "fear", "shame", "injury", "vaginal discharge" and "vaginal"; in financial violence: "withdrawal", "dependence" and "take"; in neglect: "lack", "supply" and "hygiene"; and in abandonment: "depression", "loneliness" and "sadness". Conclusion: his research values Nursing as a science and profession, especially in the forensic area, by investigating violence against older adults. The nurses' perception makes the Nursing Process more reliable and useful in identifying, reporting and solving incidents.

RESUMEN Objective: identificar marcadores de violencia contra las personas mayores desde la perspectiva de los enfermeros. Método: estudio cualitativo realizado en el estado de Paraíba, Brasil, con nueve enfermeros, por medio de dos grupos focales, durante junio y septiembre de 2021. El material empírico fue transcrito de forma completa, transformado en corpus textual y sometido a análisis de similitud. Resultados: en el núcleo central del árbol máximo fue posible observar términos comunes a más de un tipo de violencia: "ciclo de violencia", "confianza", "dominar", "sufrimiento psíquico". Los términos relacionados con la violencia física fueron, "fracturas", "romper" y "arrojar"; con la psicológica, "amenazar", "miedo", "vergüenza", "lesión", "secreción vaginal" y "vaginal"; con la financiera, "extracción", "dependencia" y "agarrar"; con la negligencia, "falta", "insumo" e "higiene"; con el abandono, "depresión", "soledad" y "tristeza". Conclusión: esta investigación enaltece la Enfermería como ciencia y profesión, especialmente en el área forense, al investigar la violencia contra las personas mayores. La percepción del enfermero hace que el proceso de enfermería sea más confiable y útil para identificar, informar y resolver casos.

Representação social da violência física, psicológica e abandono na perspectiva da pessoa idosa / Social representation of physical and psychological violence and abandonment from the perspective of elderly people / Representación social de la violencia física y psicológica y del abandono desde la perspectiva de las personas mayores

RESUMO Objetivo: compreender a percepção dos idosos quanto à violência física, à psicológica e ao abandono. Método: estudo transversal, descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa, fundamentado na Teoria das Representações Sociais. Desenvolvido com idosos cadastrados em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde do município de Campina Grande-PB, Brasil, entre os meses de abril e maio de 2022 através da coleta de dados a partir de uma entrevista semiestruturada. Resultados: participaram do estudo 14 idosos, sendo 86% (12) do sexo feminino com idade entre 61 e 83 anos. Os resultados demonstraram o conhecimento que os idosos possuem sobre as tipologias abordadas, sendo a violência psicológica a menos entendida por eles; em relação ao abandono, os idosos descreveram como solidão e asilo. Conclusão: este estudo permitiu a compreensão do conceito de violência pela pessoa idosa, o que contribui substancialmente para ações de saúde, em especial pelos profissionais da enfermagem na identificação e intervenção assertiva.

ABSTRACT Objective: To understand the perception of the elderly regarding physical violence, psychological violence, and abandonment. Method: A cross-sectional, descriptive study with a qualitative approach based on the Theory of Social Representations. Developed with elderly people registered at a Basic Health Unit in Campina Grande-PB, Brazil, between April and May 2022 through data collection based on a semi-structured interview. Results: 14 elderly people participated, 86% (12) of whom were female and aged between 61 and 83. The results showed that the elderly are aware of the typologies discussed, with psychological violence being the least understood by them; about abandonment, the elderly described it as loneliness and asylum. Conclusion: This study allowed the concept of violence to be understood by the elderly, which contributes substantially to health actions, especially by nursing professionals in the identification and assertive intervention.

RESUMEN Objetivo: conocer la percepción de las personas mayores sobre la violencia física, la violencia psicológica y el abandono. Método: estudio descriptivo transversal con un enfoque cualitativo, basado en la Teoría de las Representaciones Sociales. Desarrollado con personas mayores registradas en una Unidad Básica de Salud del municipio de Campina Grande-PB, Brasil, entre los meses de abril y mayo de 2022, a través de la recogida de datos basada en una entrevista semiestructurada. Resultados: Participaron en el estudio 14 ancianos, de los cuales el 86% (12) eran del sexo femenino y tenían entre 61 y 83 años. Los resultados mostraron que los ancianos son conscientes de las tipologías discutidas, siendo la violencia psicológica la menos comprendida por ellos; en relación con el abandono, los ancianos lo describieron como soledad y asilo. Conclusión: Este estudio permitió comprender el concepto de violencia en las personas mayores, lo que contribuye sustancialmente a las acciones sanitarias, especialmente por parte de los profesionales de enfermería en la identificación e intervención asertiva.

Muscle strength: development of predictive equation for handgrip strength in older adults on the primary health care / Fuerza muscular: desarrollo de una ecuación predictiva para la fuerza de prensión manual en personas adultas mayores de la atención primaria de salud

Abstract Introduction: Monitoring the functional capacity of older adults is fundamental, and Handgrip Strength (HGS) is a consolidated marker of functional status in this age group. This study aimed to develop equations for predicting HGS in community-dwelling older adults in Primary Health Care (PHC). Methods: It is a cross-sectional study conducted with 316 older adults, in which a Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) was performed for the right hand (R-HGS) and left hand (L-HGS). The variables sex, age, weight, knee height (KH), arm circumference (AC), triceps skinfold (TSF), and calf circumference (CC) were considered predictors because they were easily obtained in PHC and significantly related to HGS. Results: In the final models, the variables sex, age, and KH together explained more than 50 % of the HGS variation. There was agreement between the estimated and measured HGS measurements, both for right and left side. Conclusions: It is concluded that the variability of HGS can be explained by age, sex, and KH, which are parameters simple and routinely used to evaluate older adults.

Resumen Introducción: El monitoreo de la capacidad funcional de adultos mayores es fundamental, y la Fuerza de Prensión Manual (FPM) es un buen indicador de la condición física en este grupo de edad. El objetivo de este estudio fue elaborar ecuaciones de predicción de la FPM en una comunidad de personas adultas mayores en la Atención Primaria de Salud (APS). Métodos: estudio transversal realizado con 316 personas adultas mayores, en el cual se desarrolló una Regresión Linear Múltiple (RLM) para la mano derecha (FPMd) e izquierda (FPMi). Las variables sexo, edad, peso, altura de la rodilla (AR), circunferencia del brazo (CB), pliegue cutáneo tricipital (PCT) y circunferencia de la pantorrilla (CP) fueron consideradas predictoras, pues son fácilmente obtenidas en la APS y significativamente relacionadas con la FPM. Resultados: las variables sexo, edad y AR en conjunto explicaron más del 50% de la variación de la FPM. Hubo concordancia entre las medidas de la FPM estimada y la medida real, tanto en la mano derecha cuanto en la mano izquierda. Conclusión: La variabilidad de la FPM puede ser explicada por la edad, sexo y AJ, parámetros simples y comúnmente utilizados en las evaluaciones de salud de personas adultas mayores.