Placental pathology in HIV infection at term: a comparison with HIV-uninfected women.

OBJECTIVES: To describe and correlate placental characteristics from pregnancies in HIV-infected and HIV-negative women with maternal and infant clinical and immunological data. METHODS: Prospective descriptive study of placentas from term, uncomplicated vaginal births in a cohort of HIV-infected (n = 120) and HIV-negative (n = 103) women in Cape Town, South Africa. Microscopic and macroscopic features were used to determine pathological cluster diagnoses. The majority of HIV-infected women received some form of drug treatment for the prevention of vertical transmission of HIV. Data were analysed using logistic regression. RESULTS: HIV-infected women were older (median [IQR] 27.4 years [24-31] vs. 25.8 [23-30]), more likely to be multiparous (81.7% vs. 71.8%) and had lower CD4 counts (median [IQR] 323.5 cells/ml [235-442] vs. 467 [370-656]). There were no differences in gestational age at first antenatal visit or at delivery. The proportion of specimens with placental lesions was similar in both groups (39.2% vs. 44.7%). Half of all samples were below the tenth percentile expected-weight-for-gestation regardless of HIV status. This was unaffected by adjustment for confounding variables. Maternal vascular malperfusion (MVM) was more frequent in HIV infection (24.2% vs. 12.6%; P = 0.028), an association which strengthened after adjustment (aOR 2.90 [95% confidence interval 1.11-7.57]). Otherwise the frequency of individual diagnoses did not differ between the groups on multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort of term, uncomplicated pregnant women, few differences were observed between the HIV-infected and uninfected groups apart from MVM. This lesion may underlie the development of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, which have been observed at higher rates in some HIV-infected women on ART.

[Disproportion between placenta weight and birth weight: Physiologic or pathologic]. / Disproportion fœto-placentaire à terme : physiologique ou pathologique.

OBJECTIVES: To study risk factors, maternal and neonatal outcome with a high placental weight to birth weight ratio (PW/BW). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two groups of full term singleton pregnancies were created in this single centre retrospective population-based study (a high PW/BW above 0.25 and group control with normal PW/BW between 0.15 and 0.25). Maternal and neonatal outcomes were compared. RESULTS: Compared with the group with normal PW/BW ratios, the high PW/BW ratio group was associated with increased rates of pre-eclampsia (15.5% versus 1.7%, P<0.05) and small for gestational age (8% versus 0%, P<0.05). Neither maternal risk factors nor neonatal outcome difference were shown after adjusting confounding factors. CONCLUSION: High PW/BW with placentomegaly is associated with increased risk of pre-eclampsia at term underlying a mixture of condition in its pathogenesis.