Sexual violence against children and adolescents in Paraná State: geospatial analysis and main socioeconomic indicators.

OBJECTIVE: Child sexual violence is a multidimensional problem of many contemporary societies, affecting people of all sexes, social stratum and age groups. Offenses involving children and adolescents are more serious, given their total or partial dependence on parents and caregivers. Information on child sexual violence in Brazil is found in raw form and without detail. The objective was to compare the information with social and economic data in the state of Paraná. METHODS: The authors conducted a retrospective study of secondary data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) on cases of sexual violence involving victims aged 0 to 19 years. Results are presented according to notification characteristics. The authors applied exploratory spatial data analysis to assess spatial autocorrelations and investigated relationships by the ordinary least squares regression model. RESULTS: Between 2017 and 2021, there were 13,403 reports of child sexual violence in Paraná State, Brazil. Most victims (82.8%) were female and aged between 10 and 14 years. The majority of sexual violence cases (67.8%) occurred in the home environment. The highest rates on a population basis were observed in the North Central and Greater Curitiba regions, mainly in cities with higher population density and with higher rates of other types of violence. CONCLUSION: The results provide data that can promote a broader understanding of the distribution of sexual violence and the state and associated variations. It is expected to improve the provision of care for victims of child sexual violence and assist in strategic planning to prevent future offenses.

Abuso sexual contra crianças no contexto da Enfermagem: uma análise de conceito / Child sexual abuse in the context of Nursing: a concept analysis

OBJETIVO: Realizar a análise do conceito de abuso sexual em crianças, identificando os possíveis atributos, antecedentes e consequências. MÉTODO: Foi conduzida uma análise de conceito, estruturada por meio de uma scoping review. A busca foi realizada em 6 bases de dados e, após análise, um total de 17 artigos foram incluídos. RESULTADOS: Foram identificados, como antecedentes, crianças com idade acima de 8 anos, do sexo feminino, sendo o agressor frequentemente um parente da vítima ou até mesmo o próprio pai. Quanto aos atributos, foram identificadas alterações psicológicas, doenças sexualmente transmissíveis e gravidez indesejada. As consequências observadas foram predominantemente de natureza psicológica, incluindo depressão e comportamento suicida. CONCLUSÃO: No total, foram agrupados nove antecedentes que estão relacionados aos fatores que levam à vulnerabilidade do abuso. Além disso, foram identificados 11 atributos correspondentes aos sinais característicos que indicam que uma criança é vítima de abuso. Por fim, foram observadas 12 consequências decorrentes da violência sexual infantil.

OBJECTIVE: To conduct a conceptual analysis of child sexual abuse to identify possible attributes, antecedents, and consequences. METHOD: A concept analysis was conducted using a scoping review methodology. Searches were conducted in 6 databases, resulting in 17 articles after analysis. RESULTS: Antecedents included children older than 8 years, female gender, the perpetrator often being a relative of the victim or even the biological father. Psychological changes, sexually transmitted diseases, and unwanted pregnancies were identified. The consequences observed were mainly psychological, including depression and suicidal behavior. CONCLUSIONS: Nine antecedents were grouped as factors contributing to vulnerability to abuse. In addition, 11 attributes correspond to characteristic signs indicating that a child is a victim of maltreatment. Finally, 12 consequences of child sexual violence were observed.

Papel do cirurgião dentista frente aos casos de abuso sexual infantil: uma revisão da literatura / Role of the dental surgeon in cases of child sexual abuse: a literature review

Objetivo:Revisar a literatura a respeito do papel do cirurgião-dentista frente aos casos de abuso sexual infantil, abordando sua importância na identificação e no encaminhamento adequado das vítimas, além de discutir a necessidade de conscientização eimplementação de políticas públicasque abordem o tema.Revisão deliteratura:O ambiente odontológico é um ambiente propício para a identificação de sinais de abusosexual infantil, uma vez que o profissional tem contato direto com a saúde bucal e facial das crianças. Desempenha um papel fundamental ao observar e reportar esses sinais, contribuindo para a identificação precoce e o encaminhamento adequado das vítimas.Discussão:A literatura préviasugere a necessidade de fornecersubsídios teóricos, aprofundados no tema,para contribuir na ampliação do conhecimento nessa área. Sendo importantea conscientização e capacitação do cirurgião-dentista nesse contexto, bem como a criação de políticas públicas que visam umaabordagem multidisciplinarquecontribuaparaa conscientização, prevenção e a promoção de ações voltadas à proteção das crianças e ao combate do abuso sexual infantil.Conclusão:O cirurgião-dentista desempenha um papel fundamental na identificação e no encaminhamento adequado das vítimas de abuso sexual infantil. É essencial que esses profissionais sejam devidamente capacitados e conscientizados sobre a importância desse tema, além de estabelecerem uma rede de colaboração com outros profissionais da saúde e serviços especializados.

Aim:To review the literature regarding the role of the dental surgeon in cases of child sexual abuse, addressing its importance in identifying and properly referring victims, in addition to discussing the need for awareness and implementation of public policies that address the issue. Literature review:The dental environment is a favorable environment for identifying signs of child sexual abuse, since the professional has direct contact with the oral and facial health of children. It plays a key role in observing and reporting these signs, contributing to the early identification and proper referral of victims. Discussion:Previous literature suggests the need to provide theoretical subsidies, in depth on the subject, to contribute to the expansion of knowledge in this area. It is important to raise awareness and training of dentists in this context, as well as the creation of public policies aimed at a multidisciplinary approach that contributes to awareness, prevention and promotion of actions aimed at protecting children and combating child sexual abuse. Conclusion:The dental surgeon plays a key role in identifying and properly referring victims of child sexual abuse. It is essential that these professionals are properly trained and aware of the importance of this topic, in addition to establishing a collaboration network with other health professionals and specialized services.

Post-exposure prophylaxis, STI testing and factors associated with follow-up attendance: a review of 4159 cases of acute post-sexual assault medical care.

BACKGROUND: Sexual assault (SA) is a prevalent issue with enduring consequences. Post-SA medical care mainly focuses on injuries, sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevention and detection, as well as preventing unwanted pregnancies. Swift access to post-SA medical care is vital with sexual assault treatment units (SATUs) streamlining this care. The primary aim of our study is to report on post-SA care provided at the national SATU network in Ireland with a secondary aim of analysing factors associated with follow-up attendance for STI testing. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study of all acute attendances (<7 days from incident) at the national SATU network between 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2022. RESULTS: A total of 4159 acute cases presented during the study period. Emergency contraception (EC) was administered to 53.8% (n=1899/3529) of cases, while postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) for chlamydia was given in 75.1% (n=3124/4159) and for HIV in 11.0% (n=304/3387). Hepatitis B vaccination was initiated in 53.7% (n=2233/4159) of cases. 1.4% (n=59/4159) of the attendees were referred to an emergency department for the treatment of injuries. Follow-up appointments were scheduled for 75.8% (3151/4159) of acute cases. 71.6% (n=2257/3151) attended follow-up.Certain factors were found to correlate with a higher likelihood of attending follow-up appointments: adolescents (p<0.0001), concern about drug-facilitated SA (DFSA) (p=0.01), no consumption of recreational drugs before the incident (p<0.0001), alcohol consumption prior to the incident (p=0.01), and not reporting the crime to the police (p<0.001). However, gender (p=0.06) and the presence of injury at time of primary attendance (p=0.97) were not predictive of likelihood of follow-up attendance. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that EC, chlamydia PEP, HIV PEP and hepatitis B vaccination were all administered at SATU. A small proportion of attenders required emergency injury care. Factors influencing attendance at follow-up include age, drug use, alcohol use and police involvement, highlighting the need for tailored patient-centred support.

Gender-Based Violence and Women Reproductive Health in War Affected Area.

Manifestations of gender-based violence although many, and sometimes more pronounced in areas of armed conflict, go unnoticed due to multiple factors. Gender-based violence targeted towards women, affect their overall health negatively, particularly the reproductive well-being. Major conflicts arising in the Middle East over the past 10-15 years, ranging from the Arab uprising to the Syrian civil war, have drawn attention world-wide. This study aims to shed light on the importance of recognizing violence against women, its effect on their reproductive health, and the policies that should be implemented to limit its adverse impact. Towards this end, we have highlighted the important role played by all healthcare professionals, epidemiologists, and surveyors working in peace and war areas to recognize such atrocities towards women.

Análise do desejo de manter ou interromper gravidezes decorrentes de violência sexual / Analysis of the desire to maintain or interrupt pregnancies resulting from sexual assault

Objetivo: Avaliar o desejo de gestantes, vítimas de violência sexual, em manter ou interromper a gravidez. Métodos: Estudo transversal retrospectivo que avaliou o desejo da gestante vítima de violência sexual pela manutenção ou interrupção da gravidez, no Programa de Atendimento às Vítimas de Violência Sexual, no período de janeiro de 2019 a setembro de 2022. Resultados: Foram acolhidas 67 gestantes vítimas de violência sexual que procuraram atendimento com vistas a orientação, manutenção ou interrupção da gestação. Entre elas, 56 (83,6%) pacientes solici- taram a interrupção da gestação e para 32 (57,2%) a solicitação foi aceita; 9 (16%) não tiveram a solicitação de interrupção autorizada por equipe multidisciplinar e mantiveram a gestação; 11 (16,4%) não solicitaram a interrupção e também optaram pela manutenção da gestação. A média das idades foi de 26 anos. Em sua maio- ria, eram solteiras, brancas e procedentes de munícipios do entorno de Caxias do Sul. O agressor era quase sempre desconhecido, e a agressão teria ocorrido pre- dominantemente na residência da vítima ou do agressor. Conclusão: No período estudado, foram avaliadas 67 gestações decorrentes de violência sexual. Dessas, 56 pacientes solicitaram a interrupção da gestação e 32 tiveram a solicitação aceita; nove não tiveram a solicitação de interrupção autorizada e mantiveram a gestação; 11 não solicitaram a interrupção e também optaram pela manutenção da gestação. Não cabe ao médico julgar a decisão da vítima, mas, sim, acolher e ofertar o seu direito de escolha.

Objective: To evaluate the desire of pregnant women, victims of sexual violence, to maintain or terminate pregnancy. Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional study that evaluated the desire of pregnant women victims of sexual violence for the mainte- nance or interruption of pregnancy in Program to Assist Victims of Sexual Assault, from January 2019 to September 2022. Results: Sixty-seven pregnant women who were victim of sexual assault and who sought care for maintenance or interruption of pregnancy were received. Among these, 56 (83.6%) patients requested the interruption of pregnancy and in 32 (57.2%) cases the request was accepted; 9 (16%) didn't have the interruption request authorized by the multidisciplinary team and have kept the pregnancy; 11 (16.4%) didn't request the interruption and have chosen to keep the pregnancy. The average age was 26 years. They were single, white, and mostly from cities around Caxias do Sul. The aggressor was almost always unknown, and the assault occurred mostly at the victim's or aggressor's home. Conclusion: Sixty-seven pregnancies resulting from sexual assault were evaluated during the period of the study. Fifty-sixth patients of those have requested pregnancy termination and 32 had their request accepted; nine didn't have their request for termination authorized and have kept their pregnancy; eleven didn't request termination and have chosen to keep their pregnancy. It isn't up to the physician to judge the victim's decision, but to welcome and offer her the right to choose.

Explaining Male Sex Offender Recidivism: Accounting for Differences in Correctional Supervision.

PURPOSE: Contrary to public opinion, empirical studies have consistently shown that persons convicted of a sexual offense (PCSO) are less likely to recidivate with a general offense. While researchers often point toward the surreptitiousness of sexual offending to explain low rates of recidivism, this paper tests a novel explanation: SOs recidivate at lower rates than persons convicted of a non-sexual offense (PCNSO) because they are more often revoked to prison before they are able to commit a new crime, perhaps owing to more restrictive post-release supervision guidelines. METHODS: Using a sample of 196,468 unique male releases, the difference in general and sexual recidivism between PCSO (n = 29,420) and PCNSO was assessed through survival analyses (Cox regression models). RESULTS: Results demonstrated that PCSO were significantly less likely to be reconvicted for a general crime, but more likely for a sex offense. They were also more likely to be reincarcerated due to a revocation without a new sentence. Accounting for revocations, the difference in reconviction risk lessens between the groups but does not disappear. CONCLUSIONS: This analysis provides evidence that differences in community supervision are contributing to the difference in recidivism rates between PCSO and PCNSO. Implications and future research are discussed.

What are ambulance personnel experiences of sexual harassment and sexual assault in the workplace? A rapid evidence review.

INTRODUCTION: Sexual assault and harassment of ambulance personnel in the workplace is widespread. Prevention via body worn cameras and legal efforts have been positive, however improvement is still needed to ensure the protection of staff from the negative impact of sexual violence at work. METHODS: A rapid evidence review was conducted following the Cochrane Rapid Review guidance. MEDLINE and CINAHL Complete were searched from inception to February 2023. Screening and data extraction was conducted by one author and verified by the other. Included studies were appraised using a variety of critical appraisal checklists and a narrative synthesis was conducted. RESULTS: From 46 articles screened, 7 were included in the review representing 3994 ambulance personnel from Australia, Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom and South Korea. Seven themes were identified, including a need for more training, education and resources regarding sexual assault and harassment, differences in perpetrators, poor experiences with organisations, effects on victims outside the workplace, effects on victims within the workplace, barriers to reporting, and increased prevalence of sexual assault and harassment against women. CONCLUSION: The effect of sexual assault and harassment has far-reaching negative impact on victims' lives. More training and resources are recommended.

Predictors of Individual and Interpersonal Adjustment Among Non-offending Partners of Individuals With Histories of Sexual Offenses.

Recent research indicates that the consequences of sexual offenses extend beyond target victims, including to non-offending partners of individuals with sexual offense histories. However, little research has focused on non-offending partners' wellbeing and relationships with persons with sexual offense histories leading up to and following acts of sexual aggression. Non-offending partners may be secondary victims of their partners' offenses in managing psychological difficulties (e.g., guilt, shame), social stigma and isolation, fear for their safety, or difficulties in their romantic relationships resulting from their partners' sexual offenses, often with minimal supports. The current study examined key correlates of individual and interpersonal adjustment among 207 non-offending partners of individuals with histories of sexual offenses who were residing in Canada (n = 36) or the United States (n = 171). Findings indicate that positive changes due to the offense (i.e., improved finances), self-esteem, interpersonal adjustment, instrumental support, lower levels of acceptance, and humor positively predicted individual adjustment. Interpersonal adjustment was predicted by trust, intimacy, partner's stress communication, and problem-focused and emotion-focused common dyadic coping. Findings highlight the need for services for non-offending partners, including interventions that address self-esteem and practical difficulties resulting from the offense, and couples therapy to address trust issues, intimacy concerns, and shared coping with stressors related to the offense.

[Barriers and proposals for a health care approach to trafficking for sexual exploitation]. / Barreras y propuestas para el abordaje sanitario de la trata con fines de explotación sexual.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the perception of the trafficking in women for sexual exploitation, identify the difficulties and collect the proposals of professionals in direct contact with the victims of trafficking in women for sexual exploitation in Andalusia (Spain). METHOD: Qualitative study based on interviews with 10 key informants, selected from organizations providing support and care to victims of trafficking in women for sexual exploitation in 2021. Two researchers carried out a thematic categorical content analysis, integrative and relational analysis. Three themes with different sub-themes were analyzed. RESULTS: Difficulties have been identified in relation to women (delay in recognizing themselves as victims, cultural differences, distrust of the system), traffickers (modification of strategies), health professionals (lack of sensitivity and lack of homogeneity in actions) and the health system (lack of cultural intermediation, administrative complexity). The key informants propose more training for professionals, the use of effective action protocols and better coordination between institutions. CONCLUSIONS: The health sector faces a number of challenges in responding comprehensively and effectively to trafficking in women for sexual exploitation. Improvements are needed in raising awareness among health professionals, the development of standardized protocols, greater collaboration between sectors, the provision of specialized mental health services and effective cultural mediation.

Insights on Female Sex Offenders from the Missouri Registry.

There is limited research on female sex offenders and their offending characteristics. The sociocultural description of women as being nurturing, nonaggressive and, more significantly, nonsexual has diverted the attention from female sexual offending. Although reports have shown that female sex offenders make up two percent of the whole sex offender population, the true rate is remarkably higher because the caretaking behavior of women masks their sexual offenses. The purpose of our study is to explore the characteristics of female sex offenders. We analyzed the publicly available Missouri sex offender registry database and selected all female sex offenders (n = 532) of any age who committed their crimes in Missouri and were convicted in Missouri. We found that the 532 female offenders had a mean age of 29.8 years at the time of their first offense and were convicted for a total of 992 offenses. The calculated recidivism rate was close to 0.6 percent. Moreover, 89.5 percent of offenders had strictly contact offenses, whereas five percent had strictly pornography offenses. Implications for risk assessment are discussed.

Prevalência de Violência Sexual com contato e sem contato contra homens brasileiros e fatores associados a sexo forçado / Prevalence of contact and non-contact sexual violence against Brazilian men and factors associated with forced sex

RESUMO Objetivou-se estimar a prevalência da Violência Sexual (VS) contra homens brasileiros e fatores associados. Estudo transversal, que estimou a prevalência de várias formas de VS entre homens brasileiros por meio de questionário virtual. Participaram do estudo 1.241 homens de todos os estados. A maioria era jovem, entre 18 e 39 anos de idade (61,7%), heterossexual (50,2%), do Sudeste (54,4%), das classes socioeconômicas C/D/E (72,1%) e brancos (64,3%). Sobre as prevalências de VS, 70,5% afirmaram ter sofrido VS sem contato, 43,1%, VS com contato, 23,9%, VS com penetração, e 33,1%, sexo forçado. Ser bissexual, ser homossexual e ser divorciado/separado aumentaram as chances de sofrer sexo forçado. Este estudo indica que homens bissexuais e homossexuais têm mais chances de sofrer VS, corroborando outras pesquisas. Entre divorciados/separados, as chances de sofrer VS também se mostraram significativas e precisam ser mais bem exploradas. O estudo oferece a possibilidade de problematização para acolhimento de homens vítimas de VS, pensando majoritariamente na prevenção de efeitos adversos após a violência e na implantação de políticas públicas da área da saúde mais direcionadas para o público-alvo, considerando os principais fatores associados.

ABSTRACT We aimed to estimate the prevalence of sexual violence against Brazilian men and associated factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted, which estimated the prevalence of various forms of sexual violence among Brazilian men by means of a virtual questionnaire. A total of 1241 men from all Brazilian states participated in the study. Most participants were young men between 18 and 39 years (61.7%), heterosexual (50.2%), from the Southeast (54.4%), from socioeconomic classes C/D/E (72.1%), and white (64.3%). Regarding the prevalences of sexual violence, 70.5% reported non-contact sexual violence, 43.1% sexual violence with contact, 23.9% sexual violence with penetration, and 33.1% forced sex. Being bisexual homosexual, and being divorced/separated increased the odds of experiencing forced sex. This study indicates that bisexual and homosexual men are more likely to suffer sexual violence, corroborating other research. Among divorced/separated men the chances of experiencing sexual violence were also significant and need to be further explored. The study offers the possibility of problematization for the care of male victims of sexual violence, focusing mainly on the prevention of adverse effects after violence and the implementation of public policies in health that are more directed to the target audience, considering the main associated factors.

Characteristics and Factors Associated With Age and Gender Among Peruvian Children and Adolescents Who Are Victims of Sexual Violence.

Objectives. To identify the characteristics and factors associated with the gender and age of victims and aggressors. Methodology. A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the Ministry of Women and Vulnerable Populations. Linear regression and Poisson regression were used to determine ß coefficients and prevalence ratios (PR) between general characteristics and victim gender and age. Results. A total of 6929 records were analyzed. Factors associated with victim gender included urban area of residence (P < .001), alcohol consumption (P < .001). Factors associated with older victim age were being female (ß = 3.08) and not being related to the aggressor (ß = 1.73). Aggressors were older if they were the father (ß = 7.58) or stepfather (ß = 5.08), and if the rape had occurred previously (ß = 6.11). Conclusions. There are factors directly associated with the gender and age of the victim. Strategies to prevent sexual assaults, especially within the family context, should be strengthened.

Sexual abuse during childhood and all-cause mortality into middle adulthood: an Australian cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: To compare mortality from all causes, internal causes (eg, cancers, circulatory and respiratory system diseases), and external causes (eg, suicide, accidents, assault) among people who were sexually abused during childhood with mortality for the general population. DESIGN: Historical cohort study. SETTING, PARTICIPANTS: 2759 people (2201 women, 79.8%) who had experienced medically assessed contact sexual abuse in Victoria while aged 16 years or younger during 1964-1995, as recorded in Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine records. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mortality rate, based on linked National Death Index data (1980-2020), by five-year age group; sex- and age-standardised mortality ratios; comparison of rates with age- and sex-adjusted rates for the general Victorian population (incident rate ratio [IRR]). RESULTS: We included 115 deaths of people under 50 years of age in our analysis (4.2% of people sexually abused as children; 79 women, 36 men); 56 deaths were attributed to external, 56 to internal causes (cause of death information missing in three cases). In each age group from 15-19 years, the mortality rates for people sexually abused as children were higher than for the general population; age- and sex-standardised all-cause mortality ratios were highest for people aged 25-29 years (men: 16.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 11.0-22.0; women: 19.2; 95% CI, 14.3-24.2). The age- and sex-adjusted mortality rate for people sexually abused as children was higher than in the general population for all-cause (IRR, 8.25; 95% CI, 5.92-11.5), internal cause (IRR, 5.92; 95% CI, 3.89-9.01), and external cause deaths (IRR, 12.6; 95% CI, 9.61-16.6); the differences in external cause mortality were greater for people who had experienced penetrative (IRR, 14.9; 95% CI, 10.9-20.5) than for those who had experienced non-penetrative sexual abuse as children (IRR, 8.92; 95% CI, 5.35-14.9). CONCLUSIONS: Sexual abuse during childhood is associated with higher mortality rates into mid-adulthood. Preventing child sexual abuse and intervening early to reduce the damage it inflicts is not only essential for the welfare of the child, but could also help reduce avoidable deaths later in life.

Diferencias de género en la agresividad en jóvenes infractores en Medellín, Colombia / Gender differences in aggressiveness between juvenile offenders in Colombia

(analítico) La investigación sobre agresividad en jóvenes delincuentes es insuficiente en Colombia y, en consecuencia, no hay suficiente información sobre las diferencias de género en esta población. No evaluar e intervenir este comportamiento desde un enfoque de diferencias sexuales impacta negativamente la efectividad de las políticas criminales. En esta investigación participaron 1050 jóvenes infractores, seleccionados por conveniencia. Se incluyeron 855 hombres y 195 mujeres de 14 a 19 años de edad residentes en Medellín (Antioquia). Los principales resultados fueron: 1) muy altos niveles de agresividad proactiva, reactiva y total en los adolescentes infractores; 2) la existencia de diferencias en la agresividad proactiva y agresividad total en las mujeres comparadas con los hombres; y 3) la variación de la agresividad de acuerdo con ciertas variables sociodemográficas y asociadas con el delito.

(analytical) Research on aggressiveness among young offenders is insufficient in Colombia and, consequently, there is not enough information on gender differences related to aggression for this population. Failure to evaluate and intervene with this behavior using a gender perspective negatively impacts the effectiveness of criminal policies. A total of 1050 young offenders, selected based on ease of access, participated in this research study. The population consisted of 855 males and 195 females between 14 and 19 years of age living in Medellín. The main results were: 1) there were very high levels of proactive, reactive and total aggressiveness in adolescent offenders; 2) there were differences in proactive aggressiveness and total aggressiveness in females compared to males; and 3) levels of aggressiveness varied depending on certain sociodemographic and crime-associated variables.

(analítico) A pesquisa sobre a agressividade em jovens infratores é insuficiente na Colômbia e, conseqüentemente, não há informações suficientes sobre as diferenças de gênero nesta população. Não avaliar e intervir neste comportamento a partir de uma perspectiva de gênero tem um impacto negativo na eficácia das políticas criminais. Esta pesquisa envolveu 1050 jovens infratores, selecionados por conveniência. Entre eles estavam 855 homens e 195 mulheres entre 14 e 19 anos de idade morando em Medellín. Os principais resultados foram: 1) níveis muito altos de agressividade proativa, reativa e total nos adolescentes infratores; 2) a existência de diferenças na agressividade proativa e total nas mulheres em comparação com os homens, e 3) a variação da agressividade de acordo com certas variáveis sociodemográficas e relacionadas ao crime.

Asociación entre la exposición a violencia íntima de pareja contra la mujer y el reporte de secreción y úlceras genitales

Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación entre la violencia íntima de pareja emocional, física y sexual con el auto reporte de secreción y úlcera genital en mujeres participantes de una encuesta poblacional. Métodos: Se realizó un análisis de la Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar del Perú, 2021. Los criterios de inclusión fueron tener 15 a 49 años, ser casadas o convivientes, y estar seleccionadas y entrevistadas para el módulo de violencia doméstica. Se estimó la prevalencia de auto reporte de secreción y úlcera genital. La asociación con la violencia íntima de pareja fue realizada mediante regresión logística binaria con la estimación de la razón de momios, considerando el diseño muestral complejo. Resultados: La prevalencia del reporte de úlcera o secreción genital fue 10,0%. La razón de momios para reportar secreción o úlcera genital entre las mujeres que sufrieron violencia física leve comparado con las no expuestas fue 2,25 (IC95%: 1,72 a 2,94), el riesgo incrementó a 3,42 (IC95%; 2,39 a 4,90) entre las mujeres que sufrieron violencia física severa. La razón de momios generada por la exposición a violencia sexual para reportar secreción o úlcera fue mayor (OR: 3,84, IC95%: 2,47 a 5,96). Conclusiones: Las mujeres expuestas a cada uno de los tres tipos de violencia íntima de pareja tuvieron mayor chance de reportar secreción o úlcera genital en los últimos 12 meses. El riesgo se incrementa cuando coexisten la forma física y sexual.

Objective: To assess the association between emotional, physical, and sexual intimate partner violence with self-reported discharge and genital ulcer in women from participants in a population-based survey. Methods: An analysis of the Demographic and Family Health Survey of Peru, 2021 was performed. Inclusion criteria were 15-49 years of age, married or cohabiting, and selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module. The prevalence of self-reported discharge and genital ulcer was estimated. The association with intimate partner violence was performed by binary logistic regression with odds ratio estimation, considering the complex sample design. Results: The prevalence of reporting genital ulcer or discharge was 10.0%. The odds ratio for reporting genital discharge or ulcer among women who suffered mild physical violence compared with those not exposed was 2.25 (95%CI: 1.72-2.94), the risk increased to 3.42 (95%CI: 2.39-4.90) among women who suffered severe physical violence. The odds ratio generated by exposure to sexual violence for reporting discharge or ulcer was higher (odds ratio: 3.84, 95% CI: 2.47-5.96). Conclusions: Women exposed to each of the three types of intimate partner violence had a higher chance of reporting genital discharge or ulcer in the last 12 months. The risk increases when physical and sexual violence coexist.

Emergency Care Utilization for Mental and Sexual Health Concerns Among Adolescents Following Sexual Assault: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to explore the health outcomes of adolescent survivors of sexual assault, as measured by subsequent emergency department (ED) utilization for mental and sexual health concerns. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study used the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database. We included patients aged 11-18 years seen at a PHIS hospital with a primary diagnosis of sexual assault. The control group included age- and sex-matched patients seen for an injury. Participants were followed in PHIS for 3-10 years; subsequent ED visits for suicidality, sexually transmitted infection, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), or pregnancy were identified, and likelihoods of each were compared using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS: The study population included 19,706 patients. ED return visit rates in the sexual assault and control groups were 7.9% versus 4.1% for suicidality, 1.8% versus 1.4% for sexually transmitted infection, 2.2% versus 0.8% for PID, and 1.7% versus 1.0% for pregnancy, respectively. Compared to controls, sexual assault patients were significantly more likely to return to the ED for suicidality throughout the follow-up period, with the highest hazard ratio of 6.31 (95% confidence interval 4.46-8.94) during the first 4 months. Sexual assault patients also had higher likelihood of returning for PID (hazard ratio 3.80, 95% confidence interval 3.07-4.71) throughout the follow-up period. DISCUSSION: Adolescents seen in the ED for sexual assault were significantly more likely to return to the ED for suicidality and sexual health concerns, highlighting the need for increased allocation of research and clinical resources to improve their care.

Analysis of reported cases of sexual violence in Espírito Santo, southeastern Brazil, 2011-2018.

BACKGROUND: sexual violence includes all sexual acts consummated or attempt to obtain them, unwanted sexual comments and actions that go against the other's sexuality through coercion, which can be done through the use of physical force, psychological pressure, extortion or threat, this phenomenon appears in all life cycles. Identified the frequency and characteristics of sexual violence against women in a state in the southeastern region of Brazil. from 2011 to 2018. METHOD: this is a cross-sectional epidemiological study that evaluated all cases of sexual violence reported in Espírito Santo, present in the Information System of Diseases and Notifications of the Ministry of Health from 2011 to 2018. The analysis was based on performed in Stata 14.1. RESULTS: the prevalence of notification of sexual violence was 13.2% (CI95%: 12.8-13.5). Most victims were women (PR: 3.38), aged between 0 and 9 years (PR: 19), with a higher prevalence in people without disabilities or disorders (PR: 1.18) and residents of urban/periurban area (PR: 1.15). Men were the most frequent aggressors (PR: 13.79), with the most prevalent cases being reported by people unknown to the victim (PR: 6.01). The occurrence was 78% more reported at home and committed by an aggressor (PR:1.19). Most cases were repeated (PR:1.13). CONCLUSIONS: the notification of sexual violence in Espírito Santo was high and evidenced the vulnerability of some groups, as well as the profile of the perpetrators. It is necessary to work on training professionals in the areas of health and education in relation to the identification of cases of sexual violence, mainly due to the significant involvement of children and adolescents.

Analysis of factors related to behaviours to prevent sexual assault of teenage girls.

Objectives: To analyse the factors associated with the behaviour of teenage girls in terms of preventing a sexual assault. Method: The descriptive, cross-sectional, correlational study was conducted in April 2021 at a senior high school in Cibitung, Bekasi, Indonesia, after approval from the ethics review committee of the Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga. The sample comprised class X-XII students aged 15- 19 years. Data was collected using a questionnaire. Data was analysed with logistic regression test using SPSS 20. RESULTS: Of the 139 subjects, 52 (37.4%) were aged 16 years, 58 (41.7%) were in class XII. Significant relationship of behaviour to prevent sexual assault was found with knowledge (p=0.008), attitude (p=0.010) and peer interaction (p=0.007). CONCLUSIONS: Preventing sexual assault behaviour among girls was found to be related to knowledge, attitude and peer interaction.