Structural changes of A-, B- and C-type starches of corn, potato and pea as influenced by sonication temperature and their relationships with digestibility.

The effect of sonication temperature on the structures and digestion behaviour of corn starch (CS, A-type), potato starch (PtS, B-type), and pea starch (PS, C-type) was investigated. For CS, sonication temperature resulted in a rough surface, decreased apparent amylose content, gelatinization enthalpy and gelatinization degree, increased short-range orders, long-range orders, retrogradation degree and resistant starch content. For PtS, sonication temperature led to a coarser surface with scratches, increased apparent amylose content and gelatinization degree, decreased short-range orders, long-range orders, gelatinization enthalpy, retrogradation degree, and resistant starch content. For PS, sonication temperature showed partial disintegration on surface, increased gelatinization degree, decreased apparent amylose content, short-range orders, long-range orders, gelatinization enthalpy, retrogradation degree and resistant starch content. This study suggested that starch digestion features could be controlled by the crystalline pattern of starch used and the extent of sonication temperature, and thus were of value for rational control of starch digestion features.

Dopant distribution and influence of sonication temperature on the pure red light emission of mixed oxide phosphor for solid state lighting.

In this study, europium doped yttrium gadolinium (Y1.4Gd0.5Eu0.1O3) mixed oxide phosphors were synthesized by a sonochemical method at different growth temperatures (50°C, 100°C, 150°C and 200°C) for pure red light emission applications. The compositional identification, presence of dopants and the distribution of doping materials in the crystal lattice was studied by TOF-SIMS. The formation and growth mechanisms in the sonochemical synthesis of Y1.4Gd0.5Eu0.1O3 nanophosphors are discussed in detail. Different spectral and Judd-Ofelt parameters were estimated from photoluminescence data. Optical gain and efficiency parameters were calculated with the variation of synthesis environment and an efficient synthesis method to make good red emitting phosphors for solid-state lighting and display applications were proposed.