Adaptación y análisis psicométrico del cuestionario de ansiedad generalizada (GAD-7) al Quechua Collao en Perú / Adaptation to Quechua Collao and psychometric analysis of the generalized anxiety questionnaire (GAD-7) in Puno, Peru

OBJETIVOS. Adaptar del inglés al contexto cultural y lingüístico del Quechua Collao y analizar las propie-dades psicométricas del Cuestionario de Ansiedad Generalizada de 7 ítems (GAD-7) en Puno, Perú. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS. El GAD-7 en su versión original fue traducido a la variedad del quechua Collao y se analizaron sus propiedades psicométricas, los participantes fueron bilingües (español y quechua) mayores de 18 años y de ambos sexos. Se evaluó el análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) empleando el análisis paralelo, el análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC) y los índices de bondad de ajuste; asimismo se analizó la fiabilidad mediante el alfa clásico y Omega de Mc Donald. RESULTADOS. Los jueces y par-ticipantes del grupo focal realizaron la adaptación cultural y lingüística del GAD-7 al Quechua Collao; el AFE reportó la presencia de un único factor (KMO=0,88, p=0,01); mientras que el AFC confirmó adecuados ajustes en el modelo unifactorial (CFI=0,994; TLI=0,991; SRMR=0,027; RMSEA=0,092), una buena confiabilidad (α=0,896; ω=0,894) y además fue invariante en grupos de edad, sexo, estado civil y grado de instrucción. CONCLUSIONES. El cuestionario presentó validez para un modelo unidimensional del GAD-7 adaptado al Quechua Collao, así como una óptima confiabilidad e invarianza por los grupos evaluados. Su uso podría beneficiar la investigación y atención de la ansiedad.

O relaxamento como técnica de redução da ansiedade da pessoa com doença mental: revisão integrativa da literatura / Relaxation as a technique to reduce the anxiety of people with mental illness: an integrative literature review / La relajación como técnica para reducir la ansiedad de las personas con enfermedad mental: una revisión integrativa de la literatura

Resumo Contexto: As perturbações da ansiedade estão entre as perturbações mentais mais prevalentes, caracterizando-se por uma resposta exagerada e desadequada a um estímulo. A probabilidade do seu aparecimento na pessoa com doença mental aumenta consideravelmente, quando comparado com a população em geral. Torna-se perentório a implementação de intervenções de âmbito psicoterapêutico que incluem a técnica de relaxamento. Objetivo: Sistematizar a evidência científica sobre os resultados obtidos com a utilização da técnica de relaxamento, na redução da ansiedade na pessoa com doença mental. Métodos: Revisão integrativa da literatura, através da pesquisa nas bases de dados eletrónicas (CINAHL e MEDLINE) realizada em junho de 2022. Sendo aplicado um conjunto de descritores e critérios de inclusão e exclusão, obteve-se uma amostra final de 7 estudos, publicados entre 2012-2022. Resultados: A evidência científica analisada demonstra resultados benéficos na utilização da técnica de relaxamento na redução da ansiedade e sintomas psicóticos na pessoa com doença mental, devendo ser implementada como intervenção de âmbito psicoterapêutico. Os avanços tecnológicos (realidade virtual e programas online) são um grande aliado para potencializar os seus efeitos imediatos, produzindo efeitos positivos na audição, visão e sensoriais, melhorando consideravelmente a experiência do relaxamento. Conclusões: Os resultados obtidos revelam que a implementação de diversos métodos de técnica de relaxamento (muscular, respiração, imaginação guiada, yoga, biofeedback, bodywareness e meditação guiada) apresentam um potencial terapêutico benéfico na redução imediata dos sinais e sintomas de ansiedade, sendo potencializado através da exposição contínua à intervenção. Contudo, os seus efeitos a longo prazo devem ser alvo de mais estudo.

Abstract Context: Anxiety disorders are among the most prevalent mental disorders, characterized by an exaggerated and inadequate response to a stimulus. The probability of its appearance in people with mental illness increases considerably when compared to the general population. It is imperative to implement psychotherapeutic interventions that include the relaxation technique. Objective: To systematize the scientific evidence on the results obtained with the use of the relaxation technique, in reducing anxiety in people with mental illness. Methods: Integrative literature review, through research in electronic databases (CINAHL and MEDLINE) carried out in June 2022. Applying a set of descriptors and inclusion and exclusion criteria, a final sample of 7 published studies was obtained between 2012-2022. Results: The analyzed scientific evidence demonstrates beneficial results in the use of the relaxation technique in reducing anxiety and psychotic symptoms in people with mental illness and should be implemented as a psychotherapeutic intervention. Technological advances (virtual reality and online programs) are a great ally to enhance their immediate effects, producing positive effects on hearing, vision and sensory, considerably improving the experience of relaxation. Conclusions: The results obtained reveal that the implementation of various methods of relaxation techniques (muscle, breathing, guided imagery, yoga, biofeedback, bodywareness and guided meditation) have a beneficial therapeutic potential in the immediate reduction of signs and symptoms of anxiety, being enhanced through continuous exposure to the intervention. However, its long-term effects need to be studied further.

Resumen Contexto: Los trastornos de ansiedad se encuentran entre los trastornos mentales más prevalentes, caracterizados por una respuesta exagerada e inadecuada a un estímulo. La probabilidad de su aparición en personas con enfermedad mental aumenta considerablemente en comparación con la población general. Es imperativo implementar intervenciones psicoterapéuticas que incluyan la técnica de relajación. Objetivo: Sistematizar la evidencia científica sobre los resultados obtenidos con el uso de la técnica de relajación, en la reducción de la ansiedad en personas con enfermedad mental. Métodos: Revisión integrativa de la literatura, mediante investigación en bases de datos electrónicas (CINAHL y MEDLINE) realizada en junio de 2022. Aplicando un conjunto de descriptores y criterios de inclusión y exclusión, se obtuvo una muestra final de 7 estudios publicados entre 2012-2022. Resultados: A evidencia científica analizada demuestra resultados beneficiosos en el uso de la técnica de relajación en la reducción de la ansiedad y los síntomas psicóticos en personas con enfermedad mental, y debería implementarse como una intervención psicoterapéutica. Los avances tecnológicos (realidad virtual y programas online) son un gran aliado para potenciar sus efectos inmediatos, produciendo efectos positivos en la audición, la visión y los sentidos, mejorando considerablemente la experiencia de relajación. Conclusiones: Los resultados muestran que la implementación de diversos métodos de técnicas de relajación (muscular, respiratoria, imaginería guiada, yoga, biofeedback, bodywareness y meditación guiada) tienen un potencial terapéutico beneficioso en la reducción inmediata de signos y síntomas de ansiedad, siendo potenciado a través de exposición continua a la intervención. Sin embargo, sus efectos a largo plazo deben estudiarse más a fondo.

Intervenções para ansiedade que podem ser utilizadas por enfermeiros: revisão de escopo / Intervenciones para la ansiedad que pueden ser utilizadas por enfermeros: revisión de alcance / Interventions for anxiety that can be used by nurses: a scoping review

Resumo Objetivo Mapear as intervenções que podem ser realizadas por enfermeiros nos diversos serviços de atenção à saúde para o manejo dos sintomas de ansiedade em adultos durante a COVID-19. Métodos A revisão de escopo foi conduzida conforme o manual do Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). A pergunta de revisão foi "Qual o conhecimento disponível na literatura sobre as intervenções de manejo dos sintomas de ansiedade que podem ser utilizadas por enfermeiros nos diversos serviços de atenção à saúde, na população adulta, durante a COVID-19?". As fontes de dados pesquisadas foram: Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), EMBASE, PUBMED, CINAHL, PsycINFo, SCOPUS e Web of Science. Não houve limitação de ano ou idioma de publicação. Resultados Foram analisados 85 artigos. Os estudos mostraram que, em geral, toda a população adulta apresentou mudanças nos níveis de ansiedade durante a pandemia. Entre as intervenções identificadas, que podem ser realizadas por enfermeiros para o manejo dos sintomas de ansiedade, houve singular destaque para as variadas formas de intervenções online , com frequência de 21,4% nos estudos, seguida pelas atividades físicas, com frequência de 13,3%. Conclusão Foi possível mapear as intervenções que podem reduzir os sintomas de ansiedade na população adulta, assim como delimitar as que podem ser aplicadas por enfermeiros, aumentando a visibilidade dessa categoria como protagonista do cuidado nos diversos setores de serviço de saúde. Dentre as intervenções sintetizadas, destacaram-se o teleatendimento, atividade física, exercícios cognitivos e intervenções não farmacológicas.Protocolo de registro do Artigo de Revisão: o protocolo de revisão está registrado no Open Science Framework (OSF), sob o número: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/3Q2VT.

Resumen Objetivo Mapear las intervenciones que pueden ser realizadas por enfermeros en los diferentes servicios de atención a la salud para el manejo de los síntomas de ansiedad en adultos durante el COVID-19. Métodos La revisión de alcance fue realizada de acuerdo con el manual del Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). La pregunta de revisión fue "¿Cuál es el conocimiento disponible en la literatura sobre las intervenciones de manejo de los síntomas de ansiedad que pueden ser utilizadas por enfermeros en los diferentes centros de atención a la salud, en la población adulta, durante el COVID-19?". Las fuentes de datos investigadas fueron: Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), EMBASE, PUBMED, CINAHL, PsycINFo, SCOPUS y Web of Science. No hubo restricción de año ni idioma de publicación. Resultados Se analizaron 85 artículos. Los estudios mostraron que, en general, toda la población adulta presentó cambios en los niveles de ansiedad durante la pandemia. Entre las intervenciones identificadas para el manejo de los síntomas de ansiedad, que pueden ser realizadas por enfermeros, se observó un singular énfasis en las diversas formas de intervenciones en línea, con frecuencia de 21,4 % en los estudios, seguida por actividades físicas, con frecuencia de 13,3 %. Conclusión Fue posible mapear las intervenciones que pueden reducir los síntomas de ansiedad de la población adulta, así como determinar las que pueden ser aplicadas por enfermeros, y así aumentar la visibilidad de esta categoría como protagonista del cuidado en los diferentes sectores de servicios de salud. Entre las intervenciones sintetizadas, se destaca la teleatención, la actividad física, los ejercicios cognitivos y las intervenciones no farmacológicas.

Abstract Objective To map the interventions that can be performed by nurses in the various health care services for the management of anxiety symptoms in adults during COVID-19. Methods The scoping review was conducted according to the JBI manual. The review question was: What is the knowledge available in the literature on interventions to manage anxiety symptoms that can be used by nurses in the various health care services, in the adult population, during COVID-19? The data sources searched were: Virtual Health Library (VHL), EMBASE, PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFo, Scopus and Web of Science. There was no limitation of year or language of publication. Results Were analyzed 85 articles. Studies have shown that, in general, the entire adult population has experienced changes in anxiety levels during the pandemic. Among the identified interventions, which can be carried out by nurses to manage anxiety symptoms, there was singular emphasis on the various forms of online interventions, with a frequency of 21.4% in the studies, followed by physical activities, with a frequency of 13.3%. Conclusion It was possible to map interventions that can reduce anxiety symptoms in the adult population as well as delimit those that can be applied by nurses, increasing the visibility of this category as protagonist of care in the various sectors of health services. Among the synthesized interventions, teleassistance, physical activity, cognitive exercises and non-pharmacological interventions stood out.

Síndrome de Rapunzel asociado a obstrucción intestinal y hemorragia de vías digestivas altas: reporte de caso y revisión de literatura.

Rapunzel syndrome is an unusual and rare disease that occurs in young people, caused by intragastric accumulation of ingested hair (gastric trichobezoar) that keeps stuck in the gastric lumen and extends to the small intestine, associated with trichophagia. We report the case of a 25-year-old female patient with a history of trichophagia who is admitted in our institution with abdominal pain, distention, nausea, weight loss and concomitant upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Preoperative diagnosis was made by prior abdominal computed tomography scan with duodenal extension. Success surgical laparotomy and multimodal psychiatric follow up was made. This entity must be considered as a differential diagnosis with Acute Abdomen with Bowel obstruction and upper gastrointestinal bleeding.

El síndrome de Rapunzel es una enfermedad inusual y rara que se presenta en personas jóvenes, caracterizada por un acúmulo de cabello ingerido (tricobezoar gástrico) y confinado generalmente a la cámara gástrica que se extiende al intestino delgado, asociada a tricofagia. Reportamos el caso de una paciente de 25 años con antecedente de tricofagia que ingresa a un centro de salud en curso de dolor, distensión abdominal y datos de obstrucción intestinal asociado a hemorragia digestiva alta. Con documentación preoperatoria por tomografía computada abdominal de un tricobezoar con extensión duodenal, el cual se extrae por laparotomía. La paciente se remite para manejo multimodal por servicio de psiquiatría. Es una afección para tener en cuenta como diagnóstico diferencial en los cuadros de abdomen agudo quirúrgico, de la mano con obstrucción intestinal y sangrado gastrointestinal.

Trastorno por Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad (TDHA) y trastornos del estado del ánimo en estudiantes de medicina humana peruanos: una prueba piloto a nivel nacional / Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and mood disorders in Peruvian human medicine students: a nationwide pilot test

Introducción: el Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad, también conocido por sus siglas TDAH, es considerado como un trastorno del neurodesarrollo. Diversos estudios reportan que la persistencia de los síntomas durante la adultez se da en el 50-70% de niños con TDAH. Respecto del área académica, la literatura menciona que esta patología en la población universitaria oscila entre un 10 a 25% de estudiantes, en particular los de Medicina Humana. Materiales y métodos: estudio piloto con diseño Cross-sectional, para explorar las variables mencionadas en los estudiantes de todo el territorio peruano se agruparon los departamentos en cinco macro regiones, se utilizaron los cuestionarios ASRS V1.1 y DASS-21. Resultados: se contó muestra total de 250 participantes para la prueba piloto (50 por cada macro región), respecto del TDAH, 33,6% presentó resultados sugestivos. La prevalencia de trastornos del estado anímico fue del 81,6%, dentro de ellos la ansiedad fue más prevalente (70,4%), seguido por la depresión (62,8%) y el estrés (57,6%). Se encontró asociación entre el TDAH y los siguientes: trastorno anímico (PR=1,3 IC(95%) ), depresión (PR=1,51 IC(95%) ), ansiedad (PR=1,47 IC(95%) ) y estrés (PR=1,87 IC(95%) ). Conclusiones: el presente estudio piloto nos ha permitido probar satisfactoriamente el desempeño del instrumento y la técnica propuesta por el diseño metodológico en el estudio primario, confirmado con la obtención de cifras estimadas coherentes con lo descrito por la literatura, y confirmando la asociación entre las variables de interés.

Introduction: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, also known by its acronym ADHD, is considered a neurodevelopmental disorder. Several studies report that the persistence of symptoms during adulthood occurs in 50-70% of children with ADHD. Regarding the academic area, the literature mentions that this pathology in the university population ranges from 10 to 25% of students, in particular those of human medicine. Materials and methods: pilot study with Cross-sectional design, to explore the variables mentioned in students from all over the Peruvian territory, the departments were grouped into 5 macro regions, the ASRS V1.1 and DASS-21 questionnaires were used. Results: a total sample of 250 participants was counted for the pilot test (50 for each macro region), regarding ADHD, 33.6% presented suggestive results. The prevalence of mood disorders was 81.6%, among them, anxiety was more prevalent (70.4%), followed by depression (62.8%) and stress (57.6%). An association was found between ADHD and the following: Mood disorder (PR=1.3 CI (95%) ). Depression (PR=1.51 CI (95%) ). Anxiety (PR=1.47 CI (95%) ). and Stress (PR=1.87 CI (95%) ). Conclusions: the present pilot study has allowed us to satisfactorily test the performance of the instrument and the technique proposed by the methodological design in the primary study, confirmed by obtaining estimated figures consistent with what is described in the literature, and confirming the association between the variables of interest.

For what indications are antidepressants being used in adults in Colombia?

INTRODUCTION: Antidepressants are useful in the pharmacological treatment of different depressive and anxiety disorders, as well as being potentially useful in other indications. The aim of the study was to determine the indications for which antidepressants are being prescribed in patients over 18 years of age registered with the Colombian Health System. METHODS: Retrospective study with data from patients over 18 years old, of either sex, registered with the Colombian Health System, who are prescribed antidepressants. Medical records were reviewed, looking for indications approved and not approved by regulatory agencies. Patients were identified randomly, as well as the sociodemographic, clinical and pharmacological variables that could be associated with prescriptions for unapproved indications. RESULTS: 351 patients were evaluated, with a mean age of 60.4 ± 15.3 years, of whom 72.6% were women. They were attended in 34 cities, with prescriptions mainly by general practitioners (n = 276; 78.6%), and psychiatrists (n = 42; 12.0%). Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors were the most widely prescribed antidepressants (n = 204; 58.1%), followed by atypicals (n = 76; 21.7%). The most frequent indications were for depression (n = 169; 48.1%), anxiety (n = 48; 13.7%), pain (n = 22; 6.3%) and sleep disorders (n = 17; 4.8%). A total of 188 prescriptions (53.6%) were made for approved indications, and the remaining 163 (46.4%) were classified as unapproved. CONCLUSIONS: Antidepressants are being prescribed for the treatment of depression, anxiety, pain and sleep disorders, especially in older adult women, but almost half of the formulations were for unapproved indications.

Para qué indicaciones se están utilizando los antidepresivos en adultos de Colombia / For What Indications are Antidepressants Being Used in Adults in Colombia?

RESUMEN Introducción: Los antidepresivos son útiles en el tratamiento farmacológico de diferentes trastornos depresivos y de ansiedad, además de su potencial utilidad para otras indicaciones. El objetivo del estudio es determinar las indicaciones para las que se están prescribiendo los antidepresivos a pacientes mayores de 18 años afiliados al Sistema de Salud de Colombia. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo con datos de pacientes mayores de 18 años, de cualquier sexo, afiliados al Sistema de Salud de Colombia, a los que se prescriben antidepresivos; se revisaron las historias clínicas buscando indicaciones aprobadas y no aprobadas por agencias reguladoras. Se identificó a los pacientes aleatoriamente, así como las variables sociodemográficas, clínicas y farmacológicas que se pudieran asociar con prescripciones para indicaciones no aprobadas. Resultados: Se evaluó a 351 pacientes, con una media de edad de 60,4 ± 15,3 años; el 72,6% eran mujeres; se atendieron en 34 ciudades, y los prescriptores principalmente fueron médico general (n = 276; 78,6%) y psiquiatra (n = 42; 12,0%). Los inhibidores selectivos de la recaptación de serotonina fueron los antidepresivos más prescritos (n = 204; 58,1%), seguidos de los atípicos (n = 76; 21,7%). Las indicaciones más frecuentes fueron depresión (n = 169; 48,1%), ansiedad (n = 48; 13,7%), dolor (n = 22; 6,3%) y trastornos del sueño (n = 17; 4,8%). Un total de 188 prescripciones (53,6%) se hicieron para indicaciones aprobadas y las 163 (46,4%) restantes se catalogaron como no aprobadas. Conclusiones: Los antidepresivos se están prescribiendo para tratar depresión, ansiedad, analgesia y trastornos del sueño, especialmente a mujeres adultas mayores, pero casi la mitad de las formulaciones fueron para indicaciones no aprobadas.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Antidepressants are useful in the pharmacological treatment of different depressive and anxiety disorders, as well as being potentially useful in other indications. The aim of the study was to determine the indications for which antidepressants are being prescribed in patients over 18 years of age registered with the Colombian Health System. Methods: Retrospective study with data from patients over 18 years old, of either sex, registered with the Colombian Health System, who are prescribed antidepressants. Medical records were reviewed, looking for indications approved and not approved by regulatory agencies. Patients were identified randomly, as well as the sociodemographic, clinical and pharmacological variables that could be associated with prescriptions for unapproved indications. Results: 351 patients were evaluated, with a mean age of 60.4 ± 15.3 years, of whom 72.6% were women. They were attended in 34 cities, with prescriptions mainly by general practitioners (n = 276; 78.6%), and psychiatrists (n = 42; 12.0%). Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors were the most widely prescribed antidepressants (n = 204; 58.1%), followed by atypicals (n = 76; 21.7%). The most frequent indications were for depression (n = 169; 48.1%), anxiety (n = 48; 13.7%), pain (n = 22; 6.3%) and sleep disorders (n = 17; 4.8%). A total of 188 prescriptions (53.6%) were made for approved indications, and the remaining 163 (46.4%) were classified as unapproved. Conclusions: Antidepressants are being prescribed for the treatment of depression, anxiety, pain and sleep disorders, especially in older adult women, but almost half of the formulations were for unapproved indications.

Sports and physical exercise on the treatment of digestive system diseases / Esportes e atividade física no tratamento de doenças do sistema digestivo / Deportes y actividad física en el tratamiento de enfermedades del sistema digestivo

ABSTRACT Introduction: Regular and moderate exercise can keep the body in good function and prolong life. The therapeutic effect of exercise on digestive system diseases is also obvious. In particular, it can alleviate the anxiety of patients with functional dyspepsia. Objective: To explore how moderate physical exercise can reduce the anxiety caused by functional dyspepsia. The causes of anxiety in patients with this disease are also analyzed. Methods: A questionnaire was applied to patients with functional dyspepsia who attend our hospital and develops exercise programs. The regression analysis method was used to analyze the influence of physical exercise on the anxiety caused by functional dyspepsia. Results: The anxiety of patients with functional dyspepsia who did not do physical exercise was significantly different from the anxiety after exercise. Conclusion: Exercise can reduce the anxiety of patients with functional dyspepsia. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

RESUMO Introdução: Atividade física moderada e regular pode manter o bom funcionamento do corpo e prolongar a expectativa de vida. O efeito terapêutico da atividade física nas doenças do sistema digestivo também é evidente. Ela pode, em particular, diminuir a ansiedade de pacientes com dispepsia funcional. Objetivo: Explorar como atividade física moderada pode diminuir a ansiedade causada por dispepsia funcional. As causas da ansiedade em pacientes com essa doença também foram analisadas. Métodos: Aplicou-se um questionário aos pacientes com dispepsia funcional que frequentam nosso hospital e desenvolveu-se um programa de exercícios. O método de análise de regressão foi usado para avaliar a influência da atividade física na ansiedade causada por dispepsia funcional. Resultados: A ansiedade de pacientes com dispepsia funcional que não praticavam atividades físicas foi significativamente diferente daquela de pacientes após os exercícios. Conclusão: A atividade física pode diminuir a ansiedade de pacientes com dispepsia funcional. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação de resultados de tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: La actividad física moderada y regular puede mantener el buen funcionamiento del cuerpo y prolongar la expectativa de vida. El efecto terapéutico de la actividad física en las enfermedades del sistema digestivo también es evidente. Esta puede, en particular, disminuir la ansiedad de pacientes con dispepsia funcional. Objetivo: Explorar cómo la actividad física moderada puede disminuir la ansiedad causada por dispepsia funcional. Las causas de la ansiedad en pacientes con esta enfermedad también fueron analizadas. Métodos: Se aplicó un cuestionario a los pacientes con dispepsia funcional que frecuentan nuestro hospital y se desarrolló un programa de ejercicios. El método de análisis de regresión fue usado para evaluar la influencia de la actividad física en la ansiedad causada por dispepsia funcional. Resultados: La ansiedad de pacientes con dispepsia funcional que no practicaban actividades físicas fue significativamente diferente de aquella de pacientes después de los ejercicios. Conclusión: La actividad física puede disminuir la ansiedad de pacientes con dispepsia funcional. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de resultados de tratamiento.

Relationship between unbalanced core strengthening and injuries in dancesport athletes / Relação entre o fortalecimento desbalanceado do core e as lesões nos atletas de dança esportiva / Relación entre el fortalecimiento desequilibrado del core y las lesiones en los atletas de baile deportivo

ABSTRACT Introduction: The set of muscles in the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex is called the core. The core is located in the body's center of gravity. Dancesport require aligned trunk movements and permanent stabilization between the spine and pelvis. Despite few studies, the relationship between unbalanced core strengthening and injuries in dancesport is investigated. Objective: Study the relationship between unbalanced core strengthening and muscle strength in dancesport athletes. Methods: An experiment was conducted with 60 students from dance schools. They were randomly divided between an experimental group and a control group, with 30 people each. Each group included 15 males and 15 females. The experimental group used unilateral core stability training. The control group used traditional core stability training. Results: The results showed that the quality of action improved significantly after core strength training (P <0.05), but there was no significant difference between the two groups. Conclusions: Core strengthening can improve balance ability in athletes. There was no statistical difference between the training, with similar positive balance ability and explosion strength effects in the athletes. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

RESUMO Introdução: O conjunto de músculos no complexo quadril-pélvico-lombar é chamado de core. O core está localizado no centro de gravidade corporal. A dança esportiva exige movimentos de tronco alinhados, além da permanente estabilização entre coluna e pélvis. Apesar de haverem estudos escassos, é possível existir alguma relação entre o fortalecimento desequilibrado do core com as lesões na dança esportiva. Objetivo: o objetivo foi estudar a relação entre o fortalecimento desequilibrado do core com a força muscular nos atletas de dança esportiva. Métodos: Foi realizado um experimento com 60 alunos de escolas de dança. Eles foram divididos aleatoriamente entre um grupo experimental e um grupo controle, com 30 pessoas cada. Cada grupo incluiu 15 homens e 15 mulheres. O grupo experimental utilizou o treinamento de estabilidade do core unilateral. O grupo de controle usou o treinamento de estabilidade do core tradicional. Resultados: Os resultados mostraram que a qualidade da ação melhorou significativamente após o treinamento de força central (P <0,05), mas não houve diferença significativa entre os dois grupos. Conclusões: O fortalecimento do core pode melhorar a capacidade de equilíbrio nos atletas. Não houve diferença estatística entre os treinamentos, com efeitos positivos de capacidade de equilíbrio e força de explosão semelhantes nos atletas. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: El conjunto de músculos del complejo lumbopélvico se denomina core. El core se encuentra en el centro de gravedad del cuerpo. La danza deportiva exige movimientos alineados del tronco, además de la estabilización permanente entre columna y pelvis. Aunque hay pocos estudios, es posible que exista alguna relación entre el fortalecimiento desequilibrado del core y las lesiones en los deportes de danza. Objetivo: El objetivo fue estudiar la relación entre el fortalecimiento desequilibrado del core y la fuerza muscular en atletas de danza deportiva. Métodos: Se realizó un experimento con 60 alumnos de escuelas de danza. Se dividieron al azar entre un grupo experimental y un grupo de control, con 30 personas cada uno. Cada grupo incluía 15 hombres y 15 mujeres. El grupo experimental utilizó un entrenamiento de estabilidad del core unilateral. El grupo de control utilizó el entrenamiento tradicional de estabilidad del core. Resultados: Los resultados mostraron que la calidad de la acción mejoró significativamente después del entrenamiento de fuerza central (P <0,05), pero no hubo diferencias significativas entre los grupos. Conclusiones: El entrenamiento de la fuerza del core puede mejorar la capacidad de equilibrio en los atletas. No hubo diferencias estadísticas entre los entrenamientos, con efectos positivos similares de la capacidad de equilibrio y la fuerza explosiva en los atletas. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

ACT em grupo para manejo de ansiedade entre universitários: ensaio clínico randomizado / Group therapy based on act for anxiety management among university students: randomized clinical trial / Terapia grupal basada en ACT para el manejo de la ansiedad entre estudiantes universitarios: ensayo clínico aleatorizado

Estima-se que um a cada cinco estudantes universitários ao redor do mundo apresenta algum tipo de transtorno psicológico, dentre os quais os transtornos de ansiedade são os mais prevalentes. Este estudo consiste em um ensaio clínico randomizado com o objetivo de avaliar a eficácia e efetividade de um protocolo semiestruturado de psicoterapia em grupo baseado nos princípios da Terapia de Aceitação e Compromisso (ACT) para o tratamento de ansiedade entre estudantes universitários. Os participantes foram alocados aleatoriamente entre os grupos intervenção e controle. Os níveis de ansiedade pré e pós-intervenção foram avaliados por meio do instrumento General Anxiety Disorders-7 (GAD-7). A amostra final do estudo foi composta por 15 pessoas, dentre as quais 10 foram alocadas no grupo intervenção e 5, no grupo controle. Os resultados foram analisados de duas formas: a) por protocolo (Per-protocol analysis); e b) por intenção de tratar (Intention-to-treat Analysis). Este tratamento reduziu a sintomatologia ansiosa em 39,7% entre os pacientes que completaram o tratamento (por protocolo, p=0,030) e em 30,8% entre todos alocados para o grupo intervenção (i.e., por intenção de tratar, incluindo os dropouts, p=0,035), enquanto os controles não tiveram redução significativa no mesmo período. Portanto, recomenda-se a utilização deste protocolo dentro do contexto universitário como uma alternativa viável ao acompanhamento individual em situações de transtornos de ansiedade. Pesquisas futuras com amostras maiores podem contribuir na consolidação deste protocolo.

One in every five university students around the world is estimated to have some type of psychological disorder, considering anxiety disorders as the most prevalent. This study consists in a randomized clinical trial aimed to evaluate efficacy and effectiveness of a semi-structured group psychotherapy protocol based on the principles of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) for the treatment of anxiety among university students. Participants were randomly allocated in the intervention and control groups. Pre- and post-intervention anxiety levels were measured using the General Anxiety Disorders-7 (GAD-7) questionnaire. The study sample was composed of 15 people, 10 of whom were allocated to the intervention group and 5 to the control group. Results were analyzed in two ways: 1) Per protocol analysis; and 2) Intention-to-treat analysis. This treatment reduced anxiety symptoms by 39.7% among patients who completed treatment (Per protocol, p=0.003) and by 30.8% among all those allocated to the intervention group (i.e., by Intention-to-treat, including dropouts, p=0.035), whereas controls showed no significant reduction in same period. Therefore, we recommend the use of this protocol within the university context as a viable alternative to individual counselling in situations of anxiety disorders. Future research with larger samples may contribute to consolidate this protocol.

Se estima que uno de cada cinco estudiantes universitarios en todo el mundo tiene algún tipo de trastorno psicológico, entre los cuales los trastornos de ansiedad son los más frecuentes. Este estudio consiste en un ensayo clínico aleatorizado cuyo objetivo fue evaluar la eficacia y efectividad de un protocolo de psicoterapia grupal semiestructurada basado en los principios de la Terapia de Aceptación y Compromiso (ACT) para el tratamiento de la ansiedad en estudiantes universitarios. Se asignaron aleatoriamente a los participantes en los grupos de intervención y control. Los niveles de ansiedad antes y después de la intervención se midieron utilizando el instrumento General Anxiety Disorders-7 (GAD-7). La muestra final del estudio estuvo compuesta por 15 personas, de las cuales 10 fueron asignadas al grupo de intervención y 5 al grupo de control. Los resultados se analizaron de dos maneras: 1) por protocolo (Per protocol analysis); y 2) por intención de tratar (Intention-to-treat Analysis). Con este tratamiento los síntomas de ansiedad se redujeron en un 39,7% entre los pacientes que completaron el tratamiento (por protocolo, p=0,030) y en un 30,8% entre todos los asignados al grupo de intervención (es decir, por intención de tratar, incluidos los dropouts, p=0,035), mientras que los controles no tuvieron una reducción significativa en el mismo periodo. Por lo tanto, se recomienda utilizar este protocolo dentro del contexto universitario como una alternativa viable a lo asesoramiento individual en situaciones de trastornos de ansiedad. La investigación futura con muestras más grandes puede contribuir a la consolidación de esta modalidad.

Obsessive-compulsive symptoms in anxiety and depressive disorders: Influence of recent and/or traumatic life events.

INTRODUCTION: A high prevalence of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCSs) in anxiety-depressive disorders ranging from 30 to 67% has been described. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to assess the presence and persistence of OCSs in an outpatient sample of subjects with anxiety and depressive disorders, as well as its relationship with recent life events (RLEs) and/or traumatic experiences (TEs). METHOD: We conducted a prospective, observational, analytical study of 200 subjects with DSM-5 diagnoses of anxiety and/or depression. Participants were included by consecutive sampling and were evaluated at baseline and after 6-12 months (mean 8.5 months) of follow-up. The severity of the symptoms was assessed through the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HARS) and Hamilton Scale for the evaluation of depression (HRSD-17), and comorbidity was assessed through the International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). The Revised Inventory of Obsessions and Compulsions (OCI-R), the Recent Vital Changes Questionnaire (CVSV), and the Diagnostic Scale for Post-Traumatic Stress (PDS) were also administered. RESULTS: 54% of the sample presented OCSs, and 30.5% presented one or more TEs throughout life. At the baseline visit, the presence of OCSs was associated with the severity of depressive symptoms (p=0.028), the presence of TEs (p<0.01), symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (p<0.01) and the number of RLEs (p<0.01). Response rate at follow-up was 38%, and persistence of OCSs was found in 60.5% of patients, independent of depressive or anxious symptoms, but was associated with the number of RLEs (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: The presence of OCSs in patients with anxiety and depressive disorders is frequent and persistent. Anxious-depressive patients with a history of TEs and RLEs had higher OCS levels. These findings highlight the importance of early detection and the use of therapeutic strategies focused on resilience to stress and trauma.

Prevalencia de síndrome de burnout en postulantes al examen de residencia médica / Prevalence of Burnout syndrome among Medical Residency applicants

Introducción: Los médicos que se preparan para rendir el examen de residencia médica, están expuestos a estrés laboral, debido a que adicionalmente tienen que trabajar para poder solventar sus estudios. Objetivos: Determinar la prevalencia del síndrome de burnout en médicos generales que se preparan para el examen de residencia médica. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal, se aplicó el cuestionario Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) a médicos generales que trabajaban y que se preparaban para rendir el examen de residencia médica, que voluntariamente aceptaron participar en el estudio. Se realizó estadística univariada y bivariada; los cálculos fueron realizados con un nivel de confianza del 95 por ciento. Resultados: Se incluyó a un total de 306 médicos. El 56,9 por ciento fueron de sexo femenino y el promedio de edad fue de 28,5 ± 4,3 años. El 2,3 por ciento (7) de los médicos presentaron síndrome de burnout; las subescalas de despersonalización (42,2 por ciento) y agotamiento emocional (32 por ciento) tuvieron mayores porcentajes de índices altos. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de síndrome de burnout fue baja en los médicos generales que se preparan para el examen de residencia médica. Las subescalas con mayores índices fueron despersonalización y agotamiento emocional(AU)

Introduction: Doctors who are preparing to take the medical residency exam are exposed to work stress, because they have to work to pay their studies. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of Burnout syndrome in general practitioners preparing for the residency exam. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out, the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) was applied in general practitioners who worked and were preparing to take the medical residency exam were included, who voluntarily agreed to participate in the study. Univariate and bivariate statistics were performed, the calculations were performed with a confidence level of 95 percent. Results: A total of 306 general practitioners were included. 56,9 percent were female and the average age was 28,5 ± 4,3 years. 2,3 percent (7) of the doctors had Burnout syndrome, the subscales of depersonalization (42,2 percent) and emotional exhaustion (32 percent) had higher percentages of high indexes. Conclusions: The prevalence of Burnout syndrome was low in general practitioners preparing for the medical residency examination. The subscales with the highest indices were depersonalization and emotional exhaustion(AU)

Prevalence of dental anxiety in patients attending the dental service of two hospitals managed by the Ministry of Health of Peru / Prevalencia de ansiedad dental en pacientes del servicio de odontología de dos hospitales del Ministerio de Salud del Perú

Objective: To determine the level of dental anxiety in dental patients from two hospitals managed by the Ministry of Health of Peru, between August-September 2015. Material and Methods: Cross-sectional, comparative, and observational study, carried out between August and September 2015, including a total of 660 adult patients from the Dental Service of the Hospitals Regional Docente de Trujillo and Belén de Trujillo, Peru. A questionnaire based on the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) (Cronbach's Alpha=0.77) was applied to the participating subjects. Student's t test for independent groups and the Mann-Whitney U test were used for the analysis of the results, considering a significance level of 5%. Results: The mean total anxiety score for the population was 12.05 (SD=3.76). Females (mean=12.56) presented greater anxiety than males (mean=11.53) (p<0.001), young adults (Me=12.60) presented greater anxiety than subjects in mid-adulthood (Me=11.10) (p<0.001). No difference was found in terms of hospitals (p=0.386); 96.06% of the patients evaluated presented dental anxiety, 4.09% had extreme anxiety. Conclusion: The mean dental anxiety of the studied population coincides with the level of moderate anxiety. Females and young adults presented greater anxiety. No difference was found with respect to hospitals. Likewise, 96.06% of the evaluated patients presented dental anxiety, 4.09% had extreme anxiety.

Objetivo: Determinar la ansiedad dental en pacientes odontológicos de dos hospitales del Ministerio de Salud del Perú, agosto-septiembre, 2015.Material y Métodos: El presente estudio de corte transversal, comparativo y observacional, se desarrolló entre agosto y septiembre del 2015 e incluyó un total de 660 pacientes adultos del Servicio de Odontología de los hospitales Regional Docente de Trujillo y Belén de Trujillo. Se les aplicó un cuestionario basado en la Escala de Ansiedad Dental Modificada (Alfa de Cronbach=0.77). Para el análisis de resultados se empleó la prueba t de Student para grupos independientes y la prueba U de Mann-Whitney, considerando un nivel de significancia del 5%. Resultados: La puntuación media total de ansiedad para la población fue de 12.05 (DE=3.76), el sexo femenino (Me=12.56) presentó mayor ansiedad que el masculino (Me=11.53) (p<0.001), la adultez joven (Me=12.60) presentó mayor ansiedad que la adultez media (Me=11.10) (p<0.001). No se encontró diferencia en cuanto a hospital (p=0.386). El 96.06% de los pacientes evaluados presentaron ansiedad dental, siendo el 4.09% de ansiedad extrema. Conclusión: La ansiedad dental media de la población estudiada coincide en el nivel de ansiedad moderada. El sexo femenino y los adultos jóvenes presentaron mayor ansiedad. No se encontró diferencia con respecto a los hospitales. Asimismo, el 96.06% de los pacientes evaluados presentaron ansiedad dental, siendo el 4.09% de ansiedad extrema.

Obsessive-compulsive symptoms in anxiety and depressive disorders: Influence of recent and/or traumatic life events.

INTRODUCTION: A high prevalence of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCSs) in anxiety-depressive disorders ranging from 30 to 67% has been described. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to assess the presence and persistence of OCSs in an outpatient sample of subjects with anxiety and depressive disorders, as well as its relationship with recent life events (RLEs) and/or traumatic experiences (TEs). METHOD: We conducted a prospective, observational, analytical study of 200 subjects with DSM-5 diagnoses of anxiety and/or depression. Participants were included by consecutive sampling and were evaluated at baseline and after 6-12 months (mean 8.5 months) of follow-up. The severity of the symptoms was assessed through the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HARS) and Hamilton Scale for the evaluation of depression (HRSD-17), and comorbidity was assessed through the International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). The Revised Inventory of Obsessions and Compulsions (OCI-R), the Recent Vital Changes Questionnaire (CVSV), and the Diagnostic Scale for Post-Traumatic Stress (PDS) were also administered. RESULTS: 54% of the sample presented OCSs, and 30.5% presented one or more TEs throughout life. At the baseline visit, the presence of OCSs was associated with the severity of depressive symptoms (p=0.028), the presence of TEs (p<0.01), symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (p<0.01) and the number of RLEs (p<0.01). Response rate at follow-up was 38%, and persistence of OCSs was found in 60.5% of patients, independent of depressive or anxious symptoms, but was associated with the number of RLEs (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: The presence of OCSs in patients with anxiety and depressive disorders is frequent and persistent. Anxious-depressive patients with a history of TEs and RLEs had higher OCS levels. These findings highlight the importance of early detection and the use of therapeutic strategies focused on resilience to stress and trauma.

Psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. / Trastornos psiquiátricos en los niños y adolescentes en tiempo de la pandemia por COVID-19.

INTRODUCTION: The Covid-19 pandemic has generated an unprecedented multimodal (health, occupational, economic, and social crisis, which will impact developing countries. Confinement as a preventive measure is itself a threat that produces a social impact. Pandemic and confinement have become a psychosocial adversity factor that affects families and their children. During the pandemic, children and adolescents with a psychiatric disorder may experience exacerbation of their symptoms. However, little is known about this, since studies on this population during the pandemic are scarce. OBJECTIVE: To review the data available in the current literature on the effect of the pandemic on children and adolescents with a previous psychiatric disorder. METHODS: A literature search was carried out using PubMed, Scielo and, due to the exceptional conditions of the pandemic situation, directly using internet search engines. Both English and Spanish papers were included. RESULTS: The information found is presented in the following sections: family and children during the pandemic, evaluation of mental disorders in children and young people during the pandemic, pre-existing psychiatric disorders during the pandemic, and telepsychiatric care. Specific information is presented on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, anxiety disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder. The current pandemic due to COVID-19 and confinement are a psychosocial adversity that threatens the stability of the family. Such a stressor can cause exacerbation of symptoms of a previous mental disorder. Children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders are a vulnerable population and require specialised care. Telepsychiatry is becoming a modality with multiple advantages.

Mental health consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic associated with social isolation / Consecuencias de la pandemia de la COVID-19 en la salud mental asociadas al aislamiento social

Abstract The 2019 coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) is a public health emergency of international concern, which poses a major challenge to mental health as a result of its unprecedented impact in this 21st century. Research in past epidemics has revealed a deep and wide range of psychosocial consequences at the individual and collective level. There are multiple associated psychological disturbances, ranging from isolated symptoms to complex disorders with marked impairment of functionality, such as insomnia, anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Therefore, it is necessary for mental health services to develop strategies that allow them to react skillfully and provide support to health workers and the affected population so as to reduce the psychological impact as well as the development of psychiatric symptoms. The purpose of this reflection article is to show the possible consequences on the mental health of the population as a result of social isolation due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Resumen La pandemia por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) es una emergencia de salud pública de preocupación internacional, con impactos sin precedentes en el siglo XXI y hoy representa un gran desafío a la salud mental. Estudios en epidemias anteriores han revelado una profunda y amplia gama de consecuencias psicosociales a nivel individual y comunitario durante los brotes. Son múltiples las alteraciones psicológicas asociadas, que van desde síntomas aislados hasta trastornos complejos, con un deterioro marcado de la funcionalidad, como insomnio, ansiedad, depresión y trastorno por estrés postraumático. En este contexto es necesario que las entidades de salud mental desarrollen estrategias que permitan reaccionar con destreza y que logren un soporte al personal de salud y a la población afectada, en aras de reducir el impacto psicológico y de los síntomas psiquiátricos. Este artículo de reflexión tiene por objetivo mostrar las posibles consecuencias en la salud mental de la población, como resultado del aislamiento social debido a la pandemia de la COVID-19.

Trastornos de ansiedad y su relación con las condiciones carcelarias en personas reclusas en Medellín, Colombia, año 2014 / The link between anxiety disorders and prison conditions for inmates in Medellín, Colombia, 2014 / Transtornos de ansiedade e sua relação com as condições carcerárias dos detentos em Medellín, Colômbia, em 2014

Resumen Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de trastornos de ansiedad y su relación con características sociodemográficas, estrategias de afrontamiento, condiciones carcelarias y servicios asistenciales prestados por el Instituto Nacional Penitenciario y Carcelario, de las personas reclusas en el Establecimiento Penitenciario de Mediana Seguridad y Carcelario Bellavista y el Complejo Carcelario y Penitenciario Pedregal, Medellín, año 2014. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio de corte, entre los meses de junio a julio de 2014, para explorar las posibles asociaciones entre las variables estudiadas y los trastornos de ansiedad en personas reclusas, aplicando un muestreo aleatorio, con participación de 532 reclusos (52,1 % hombres y 47,9 mujeres). Se aplicó la Entrevista Neuropsiquiátrica Internacional, escala de estrategias de Coping - modificada, y el cuestionario para apoyo social percibido. Resultados: Se encontró una prevalencia de ansiedad del 39,5% en el último mes, lo que indica que aproximadamente 2 de cada 5 reclusos presentaron trastornos de ansiedad. Los principales factores de riesgo de la presencia de ansiedad fueron: percepción alta de maltrato por otros internos, nunca recibir asesoría jurídica por parte del Instituto Nacional Penitenciario y Carcelario, no tener expresión en la dificultad de afrontamiento, no tener reevaluación positiva y tener reacción agresiva. Conclusión: Los reclusos con trastornos de ansiedad muestran mayores riesgos, en características relacionadas con sucesos en prisión, servicios prestados por el Instituto Nacional Penitenciario y Carcelario y estrategias de afrontamiento, que los reclusos sin este tipo de problema, lo que confirma la vulnerabilidad de este colectivo penitenciario que requiere mayor atención.

Abstract Objective: To determine the prevalence of anxiety disorders and their link to sociodemographic characteristics, coping strategies, prison conditions and care services provided by the Instituto Nacional Penitenciario y Carcelario [National Penitentiary and Prison Institute] to people incarcerated in the Establecimiento Penitenciario de Mediana Seguridad y Carcelario Bellavista and the Complejo Carcelario y Penitenciario Pedregal, Medellín, 2014. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out between June and July 2014 to explore the possible associations between the studied variables and anxiety disorders in inmates, applying random sampling resulting in the participation of 532 inmates (52.1% men and 47.9% women). The International Neuropsychiatric Interview, modified Coping strategy scale and the questionnaire for perceived social support were applied. Results: An anxiety prevalence of 39.5% was found in the last month, indicating that approximately 2 out of 5 inmates had anxiety disorders. The main risk factors for the presence of anxiety were: high perception of mistreatment by other inmates, never receive legal advice from the National Penitentiary and Prison Institute, cannot express difficulties coping, have no positive reassessment and have aggressive reactions. Conclusion: Inmates with anxiety disorders show higher risks in characteristics related to events in prison, services provided by the National Penitentiary and Prison Institute and coping strategies than inmates without this type of problem, confirming the vulnerability of this prison group that requires more attention.

Resumo Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência de transtornos de ansiedade e sua relação com características sociodemográficas, estratégias de enfrentamento, condições carcerárias e serviços de assistência prestados pelo Instituto Nacional Penitenciario y Carcelario, dos detentos no Establecimiento Penitenciario de Mediana Seguridad y Carcelario Bellavista e o Complejo Carcelario y Penitenciario Pedregal, Medellín em 2014. Metodologia: Realizou-se um estudo de corte, entre os meses de junho a julho de 2014, para explorar as possíveis associações entre as variáveis estudadas e os transtornos de ansiedade nos detentos, aplicando uma amostragem aleatória com a participação de 532 detentos (52,1% homens e 47,9% mulheres). Foi realizada a Entrevista Neuropsiquiátrica Internacional, escala de estratégias de Coping - modificada, e o questionário Escala Multidimensional de suporte social percebido. Resultados: Encontrou-se uma prevalência de ansiedade de 39,5% no último mês, o que indica que aproximadamente 2 de cada 5 detentos apresentaram transtornos de ansiedade. Os principais fatores de risco da presença de ansiedade foram: alta percepção de maltrato vinda de outros detentos, assessoria jurídica nula por parte do Instituto Nacional Penitenciario y Carcelario, ausência de apoio diante da dificuldade de enfrentamento, falta de reavaliação positiva e ter reação agressiva. Conclusão: Os detentos com transtornos de ansiedade mostram maiores riscos nas características relacionadas com os acontecimentos na prisão, serviços prestados pelo Instituto Nacional Penitenciario y Carcelario e estratégias de enfrentamento, que os detentos sem este tipo de problema, o que confirma a vulnerabilidade dessa população carcerária que requer maior atenção.

Sintomas de ansiedade e indicativos de depressão em idosas praticantes do método pilates no solo / Symptoms of anxiety and indicative of depression in elderly women practicing the mat pilates method / Los sintomas de ansiedad e indicativo de depresión en las mujeres de más edad practicantes del método pilates en el suelo

Este estudo analisou sintomas de ansiedade e indicativos de depressão em idosas praticantes do Método Pilates (MP) no solo e seus fatores associados. Participaram desta pesquisa transversal 90 idosas praticantes do MP no solo. Como instrumentos, foram utilizados a Escala de Depressão Geriátrica e o Inventário de Ansiedade Geriátrica. A análise de dados foi conduzida por meio dos testes de Qui-Quadrado e Exato de Fisher (p < 0,05). Os resultados evidenciaram associação significativa dos sintomas de ansiedade com a presença de osteoartrite (p = 0,0004), depressão (p = 0,005) e quantidade de doenças associadas (p = 0,012). Não foi encontrada associação significativa (p > 0,05) dos indicativos de depressão com nenhuma das variáveis sociodemográficas e de saúde. Concluiu-se que a presença de doenças nos idosos deste estudo, como a osteoartrite e a depressão, e o acúmulo de comorbidades podem levar ao aumento do nível de ansiedade de idosas praticantes do MP no solo.

This study analyzed symptoms of anxiety and indicative of depression in elderly women practicing the Mat Pilates Method (MPM) and its associated factors. A cross-sectional study of 90 elderly women practicing MPM. The Geriatric Depression Scale and the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory were used as instruments. Data analysis was performed using Chi-Square and Fisher's Exact tests (p < 0.05). The results showed a significant association of anxiety symptoms with osteoarthritis (p = 0.0004), depression (p = 0.005), and number of associated diseases (p = 0.012). There was no significant association (p > 0.05) of the indicators of depression with none of the sociodemographic and health variables. It was concluded that the presence of diseases in the elderly of this study, such as osteoarthritis and depression, and the accumulation of comorbidities may lead to an increase in the level of anxiety of elderly MPM.

Este estudio analizó síntomas de ansiedad e indicativo de depresión en las mujeres de más edad que practican el método Pilates (MP) en el suelo y sus factores asociados. Participaron del estudio transversal 90 mujeres mayores practicantes del MP suelo. Se utilizaron la Escala de Depresión Geriátrica y el Inventario de Ansiedad Geriátrica. El análisis de datos se realizó mediante las pruebas de Chi-Cuadrado y Exacto de Fisher (p < 0.05). Los resultados obtenidos evidenciaron una asociación significativa de síntomas de ansiedad con osteoartritis (p = 0.0004), depresión (p = 0.005) y el número de enfermedades asociadas (p = 0,012). No hubo una asociación significativa (p > 0.05) de los indicadores de la depresión con ninguno de las variables socioeconómicas e de la salud. Se concluyó que la presencia de enfermedades en los ancianos de este estudio, como la osteoartritis y la depresión, y la acumulación de comorbilidades pueden conducir al aumento del nivel de ansiedad de las personas mayores practicantes del MP en el suelo.

[Common mental disorders in primary care: diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties, and new challenges in prediction and prevention. SESPAS Report 2020]. / Enfermedades mentales comunes en atención primaria: dificultades diagnósticas y terapéuticas, y nuevos retos en predicción y prevención. Informe SESPAS 2020.

In primary health care only chronic pain surpass depression and anxiety in loss of quality-adjusted life years. More than 70% of people suffering from common mental disorders consulted their GPs for this reason. However, 'the declining halves rule' is a reality: less than 50% of primary care attendees with common mental disorders were correctly diagnosed, of these less than 50% received adequate treatment (pharmacological or psychological) and of these less than 50% patients were adherent. Collaborative models of common mental disorders care in primary health care have demonstrated their effectiveness through clinical trials; however, its implementation in a more general and real context is difficult and its effectiveness remains unclear. Risk algorithms have been developed and validated in primary health care to predict the onset and prognosis of common mental disorders; which are useful for their treatment and prevention. There is evidence that psychological and psychoeducational interventions (and possibly those of physical exercise) are effective for the primary prevention of common mental disorders, even in primary health care; although their effects are small or moderate. These interventions have a high potential to be scalable in schools, workplace and primary health care; in addition, when they are administered through information and communication technologies (e.g. by App), in self-guided or minimally guided programs, they have demonstrated their effectiveness for the treatment and prevention of common mental disorders. They are also very accessible, have low cost and contribute to the massive implementation of these interventions in different settings.