Oxygen-defect bismuth oxychloride nanosheets for ultrasonic cavitation effect enhanced sonodynamic and second near-infrared photo-induced therapy of breast cancer.

Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) relies heavily on the presence of oxygen to induce cell death. Its effectiveness is thus diminished in the hypoxic regions of tumor tissue. To address this issue, the exploration of ultrasound-based synergistic treatment modalities has become a significant research focus. Here, we report an ultrasonic cavitation effect enhanced sonodynamic and 1208 nm photo-induced cancer treatment strategy based on thermoelectric/piezoelectric oxygen-defect bismuth oxychloride nanosheets (BNs) to realize the high-performance eradication of tumors. Upon ultrasonic irradiation, the local high temperature and high pressure generated by the ultrasonic cavitation effect combined with the thermoelectric and piezoelectric effects of BNs create a built-in electric field. This facilitates the separation of carriers, increasing their mobility and extending their lifetimes, thereby greatly improving the effectiveness of SDT and NIR-Ⅱ phototherapy on hypoxia. The Tween-20 modified BNs (TBNs) demonstrate ∼88.6 % elimination rate against deep-seated tumor cells under hypoxic conditions. In vivo experiments confirm the excellent antitumor efficacy of TBNs, achieving complete tumor elimination within 10 days with no recurrences. Furthermore, due to the high X-ray attenuation of Bi and excellent NIR-Ⅱ absorption, TBNs enable precise cancer diagnosis through photoacoustic (PA) imaging and computed tomography (CT).

Ultrasonic humidifier aerosols: Observed high heavy metal enrichment and a new emission control method.

Ultrasonic humidifiers are commonly used in households to maintain indoor humidity and generate a large number of droplets or spray aerosols. However, there have been various health concerns associated with humidifier use, largely due to aerosols generated during operation. Here, we investigated the size distribution, chemical composition, and charged fraction of aerosol particles emitted from commercial ultrasonic humidifiers. Heavy metals in water used for humidifiers were found to be highly enriched in the ultrasonic humidifier aerosols (UHA), with the enrichment factors ranging from 102 to 107. This enrichment may pose health concerns for the building occupants, as UHA concentrations of up to 106 particles/cm3 or 3 mg/m3 were observed. Furthermore, approximately 90% of UHA were observed to be electrically charged, for the first time according to our knowledge. Based on this discovery, we proposed and tested a new method to remove UHA by using a simple electrical field. The designed electrical field in this work can efficiently remove 81.4% of UHA. Therefore, applying this electrical field could be an effective method to significantly reduce the health risks by UHA.

Physical radiation induced the yield of triterpenoids in hypha of Inonotus obliquus to increase.

HSD-IO01, a new pure strain of I. obliquus, was isolated and purified from the sclerotium of I. obliquus of Daxing'an Mountains. Physical radiation-assisted liquid fermentation technology was explored to increase the triterpenoids yield of HSD-IO01. In the 100 mL optimized liquid fermentation system, the hypha dry weight of HSD-IO01 was 1.7734 g, and the triterpenoids yield was 43.43 mg. Yields of triterpenoids increased after induction with ultrasound, microwave, or UV light, respectively. Among them, ultrasonic treatment had the most remarkable induction effect. The yield of triterpenoids would be increased to 68.35 mg (57.38 %) when the HSD-IO01 was treated by 100 W ultrasonic for 45 min. Establishing ultrasonic-assisted liquid fermentation technology could further promote the detailed development and comprehensive utilization of I. obliquus resources.

Effects of low-frequency ultrasound combined with microbubbles on breast cancer xenografts in nude mice.

The aim of this study was to explore the effects of low-frequency ultrasound (US) combined with microbubbles (MBs) on breast cancer xenografts and explain its underlying mechanisms. A total of 20 xenografted nude mice were randomly divided into four groups: a group treated with US plus MBs (the US + MBs group), a group treated with US alone (the US group), a group treated with MBs alone (the MBs group), and a control group. In different groups, mice were treated with different US and injection regimens on an alternate day, three times in total. Histological changes, apoptosis of cells, microvascular changes, and the apoptosis index (AI) and microvascular density (MVD) of the breast cancer xenograft were analyzed after the mice were sacrificed. Results indicated that the tumor volume in the US + MBs group was smaller than that in the other three groups (p < 0.001 for all). The rate of tumor growth inhibition in the US + MBs group was significantly higher than that in the US and MBs groups (p < 0.001 for both). There were no significant differences in histological changes among the four groups. However, the AI was higher in the US + MBs group than that in the other three groups while the MVD was lower (p < 0.001 for all). All in all, low-frequency US combined with MBs can effectively slow down the growth of breast cancer in nude mice. In summary, low-frequency US combined with MBs has a significant effect on breast cancer treatment. Cavitation, thermal effects, and mechanical effects all play a vital role in the inhibition of tumor growth.

Laser ultrasonic detection for defects of LAM components based on variable time window intensity mapping with adaptive 2σ thresholds.

Metallurgical defects in metal laser additive manufacturing (LAM) are inevitable due to complex non-equilibrium thermodynamics. A laser ultrasonic system was designed for detecting surface/near-surface defects in the layer-by-layer LAM process. An approach was proposed for ultrasonic imaging of defects based on variable time window intensity mapping with adaptive 2σ threshold denoising. The Gaussian mixture model hypothesis and expectation-maximization algorithm can automatically differentiate between components dominated by defects and background noises, thereby providing an adaptive threshold that accommodates detection environments and surface roughness levels. Results show that the ultrasonic wave reflection at defect boundaries diminishes far-field ultrasonic intensity upon pulsed laser irradiation on surface defects, enabling defect size and location characterization. This method is applicable to LAM samples with a significant surface roughness of up to 37.5 µm. It can detect superficial and near-surface defects down to 0.5 mm in diameter and depth, making it significant for online defect detection in additive manufacturing.

Near Stochiometric LiNbO3 Crystal: the Piezoelectric Features and the Shear Horizontal Guided Wave Transducer for Structural Health Monitoring up to 650 °C.

The application of shear horizontal (SH) guided wave transducers in high-temperature structural health monitoring (SHM) is a topic of significant interest across various industrial engineering sectors. In this study, we utilized the novelty piezoelectric crystal of near stoichiometric lithium niobate (NSLN), which exhibited a robust piezoelectric response (d15 = 77.6 pC/N@room temperature). Next, the pure thickness shear vibration mode d15' through size optimization was designed. It was demonstrated that the NSLN-based ultrasonic guided wave transducers utilizing the optimum d15' mode were proficient in transmitting and receiving pure fundamental SH wave (SH0 wave) along two orthogonal main directions (0° and 90°) over a wide frequency range (100-350 kHz), exhibiting strong response to the SH0 wave. Under the driving voltage of 100 V, the signal voltages of the NSLN-based transducer were found to be on the order of 200.3 and 11.8 mV at room temperature and high temperature of 650 °C, respectively. Moreover, the NSLN-based SH0 transducer showcased its better defect localization ability, and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) sensitivity of NSLN-based transducer was evaluated to be 16.1 dB at high temperature of 650 °C. To sum up, the ultrasonic wave transducer based on NSLN crystal demonstrated higher potential applications for in situ SHM under elevated temperatures.

The advance of ultrasound-enabled diagnostics and therapeutics.

Point-of-care ultrasound demonstrates significant potential in biomedical research due to its noninvasive, real-time visualization, cost-effectiveness, and other biological benefits. Ultrasound irradiation can precisely control the mechanical and physicochemical effects on pathogenic lesions, enabling real-time visualization, tunable tissue penetration depth, and therapeutic applications. This review summarizes recent advancements in ultrasound-enabled diagnostics and therapeutics, focusing on mechanochemical effects that can be directly integrated into biomedical applications. Additionally, the structure-functionality relationships of sonotheranostic nanoplatforms are systematically discussed, providing insights into the underlying biological effects. Finally, the limitations of current ultrasonic medicine are discussed, along with potential expansions to facilitate patient-centered translations.

Novel Water Probe for High-Frequency Focused Transducer Applied to Scanning Acoustic Microscopy System: Simulation and Experimental Investigation.

A scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM) system is a common non-destructive instrument which is used to evaluate the material quality in scientific and industrial applications. Technically, the tested sample is immersed in water during the scanning process. Therefore, a robot arm is incorporated into the SAM system to transfer the sample for in-line inspection, which makes the system complex and increases time consumption. The main aim of this study is to develop a novel water probe for the SAM system, that is, a waterstream. During the scanning process, water was supplied using a waterstream instead of immersing the sample in the water, which leads to a simple design of an automotive SAM system and a reduction in time consumption. In addition, using a waterstream in the SAM system can avoid contamination of the sample due to immersion in water for long-time scanning. Waterstream was designed based on the measured focal length calculation of the transducer and simulated to investigate the internal flow characteristics. To validate the simulation results, the waterstream was prototyped and applied to the TSAM-400 and W-FSAM traditional and fast SAM systems to successfully image some samples such as carbon fiber-reinforced polymers, a printed circuit board, and a 6-inch wafer. These results demonstrate the design method of the water probe applied to the SAM system.

Crack Detection Method for Wind Turbine Tower Bolts Using Ultrasonic Spiral Phased Array.

High-strength bolts are crucial load-bearing components of wind turbine towers. They are highly susceptible to fatigue cracks over long-term service and require timely detection. However, due to the structural complexity and hidden nature of the cracks in wind turbine tower bolts, the small size of the cracks, and their variable propagation directions, detection signals carrying crack information are often drowned out by dense thread signals. Existing non-destructive testing methods are unable to quickly and accurately characterize small cracks at the thread roots. Therefore, we propose an ultrasonic phased array element arrangement method based on the Fermat spiral array. This method can greatly increase the fill rate of the phased array with small element spacing while reducing the effects of grating and sidelobes, thereby achieving high-energy excitation and accurate imaging with the ultrasonic phased array. This has significant theoretical and engineering application value for ensuring the safe and reliable service of key wind turbine components and for promoting the technological development of the wind power industry.

Development and Validation of a New Type of Displacement-Based Miniatured Laser Vibrometers.

Developing a miniatured laser vibrometer becomes important for many engineering areas, such as experimental and operational modal analyses, model validation, and structural health monitoring. Due to its compact size and light weight, a miniatured laser vibrometer can be attached to various mobilized platforms, such as an unmanned aerial vehicle and a robotic arm whose payloads can usually not be large, to achieve a flexible vibration measurement capability. However, integrating optics into a miniaturized laser vibrometer presents several challenges. These include signal interference from ghost reflectance signals generated by the sub-components of integrated photonics, polarization effects caused by waveguide structures, wavelength drifting due to the semiconductor laser, and the poorer noise characteristics of an integrated laser chip compared to a non-integrated circuit. This work proposes a novel chip-based high-precision laser vibrometer by incorporating two or more sets of quadrature demodulation networks into its design. An additional set of quadrature demodulation networks with a distinct reference arm delay line length can be used to conduct real-time compensation to mitigate linear interference caused by temperature and environmental variations. A series of vibration measurements with frequencies ranging from 0.1 Hz to 1 MHz were conducted using the proposed laser vibrometer to show its repeatability and accuracy in vibration and ultrasonic vibration measurements, and its robustness to test surface conditions. The proposed laser vibrometer has the advantage of directly measuring the displacement response of a vibrating structure rather than integrating its velocity response to yield the measured displacement with a conventional laser Doppler vibrometer.

Accurate Ultrasonic Thickness Measurement for Arbitrary Time-Variant Thermal Profile.

Ultrasonic thickness measurement of mechanical structures is one of the most popular and commonly used nondestructive methods for various kinds of process control and corrosion monitoring. With ultrasonic propagation speed being temperature-dependent, the thickness measurement can be performed reliably only when the thermal profile is completely known. Most conventional techniques assume the temperature of the test structure is uniform and at room temperature across its thickness. Such assumptions may lead to large errors in the thickness measurement, especially when there are significant temperature variations across the thickness. State-of-the-art techniques use external temperature measurements or implement iterative methods to compensate for the unknown thermal profiles. However, such techniques produce unsatisfactory results when the heat distribution is complex or varies rapidly with time. In this work, we propose a two-sensors technique, using both compressive and shear excitations, with a non-iterative rapid data processing method for accurate thickness measurement under arbitrary time-variant thermal profile. The independent behavior of shear and compressive waves is used to formulate a real-time thickness estimation technique. The developed technique is experimentally validated on a steel plate with fixed acoustic sensors. Test results show that the error in thickness estimation can be reduced by up to 98% compared to conventional thickness gauging methods.

A Multi-Strategy Hybrid Sparse Reconstruction Method Based on Spatial-Temporal Sparse Wave Number Analysis for Enhancing Pipe Ultrasonic-Guided Wave Anomaly Imaging.

Ultrasonic-guided waves (UGWs) in defective pipes are subject to severe coherent noise caused by imperfect detection conditions, mode conversion, and intrinsic characteristics (dispersion and multiple modes), inducing the limited performance of anomaly imaging. To achieve the high resolution and accuracy of anomaly imaging, a multi-strategy hybrid sparse reconstruction (MHSR) method based on spatial-temporal sparse wavenumber analysis (ST-SWA) is proposed. MHSR leverages the capability of ST-SWA to extract the wavenumber dispersion curves, thereby providing a more refined and precise search space for MHSR. Furthermore, it mitigates the impact of coherent noise by conducting dispersion compensation on the reconstructed signal. The sparse compensated signals through MHSR are employed for sparse reconstruction imaging. To validate the efficacy of the proposed method, UGW testing is performed on the defective steel pipe, and the results demonstrate the significant enhancement of anomaly imaging in defect resolution and positioning accuracy. The lowest estimated errors for axial and circumferential defect positions are 10 mm and 4 mm, respectively.

Evaluation of different irrigation activation techniques for the removal of various medicaments from a simulated internal resorption cavity: an in vitro study.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess the efficacy of different activation techniques in removing calcium hydroxide (Ultracal XS), Ledermix, and Bio-C Temp from simulated internal root resorption (IRR) cavities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 108 single-rooted maxillary incisors were prepared using Reciproc R50 files. Simulated IRR cavities, 2 mm in diameter and located 8 mm from the apex, were created. Ultracal XS, Ledermix, and Bio-C Temp were applied to the samples, grouped by irrigation activation techniques: Standard Needle Irrigation (SNI), EDDY, Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation (PUI), and XP-endo Finisher (XPF). Medicament removal efficacy was evaluated using a standardized scoring system. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS: XPF and PUI were more effective than SNI in medicament removal across the groups, with no significant difference. EDDY showed no significant difference than other groups. Ledermix was more effectively removed in all activation groups compared to Bio-C Temp. The XPF was superior in removing Ultracal XS compared to Bio-C Temp. However, none of the groups achieved complete medicament removal. CONCLUSIONS: XPF and PUI techniques enhance medicament removal efficacy. Bio-C Temp was more difficult to remove from the IRR cavities than other medicaments. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Bio-C Temp could be removed from the canals less effectively compared to calcium hydroxide and Ledermix. Among the tested irrigation activation methods, XPF and PUI were found to be more effective at removing the tested medicaments.

Size-dependent effect on controllable release and field insecticidal efficacy of diamide insecticide polylactic acid microspheres delivery systems against Ostrinia nubilalis.

New nano/microcarriers of pesticides represent a highly promising novel field for sustainable pest management. However, despite extensive laboratory research, few studies on the design and evaluation of nanopesticides for field applications exist. In this study, we present a straightforward and green synthetic method of ultrasonic-assisted and hydrogen-bonded self-assembly at the oil-water interface for the synthesis of polylactic acid (PLA) microspheres encapsulating chlorantraniliprole (CAP), with precise control over the size of the microspheres. The resulting CAP-loaded PLA microspheres (CAP-PLA MS) exhibit both high pesticide encapsulation efficiency and stability in natural environments. It has been determined that non-Fickian diffusion mainly controls pesticide release, thus enabling dynamic control over molecular transport speeds. Importantly, our functional CAP-PLA MS demonstrates superior sustained pesticide release performance under both laboratory and field conditions while maintaining better exceptional insecticidal efficacy than normal CAP in controlling O. nubilalis at a concentration of 30 or 45 g/ha. Consequently, we propose that our functional PLA microspheres could serve as ideal pesticide carriers in the sustained treatment of O. nubilalis.

Ultrasound-assisted improvement of thawing quality of Tibetan pork by inhibiting oxidation.

The challenge of meat quality degradation due to transportation difficulties in high-altitude plateaus underscores the importance of an efficient thawing process for Tibetan pork to ensure its quality. This study compared four thawing methods ultrasound thawing (UT), refrigerator thawing (RT), hydrostatic thawing (HT), and microwave thawing (MT) to assess their impact on the quality of Tibetan pork, focusing on thawing loss, tenderness, color variation, and alterations in protein secondary structure and moisture content. Additionally, the study examined the impact of thawing on the metabolites of Tibetan pork using metabolomics techniques. The results indicated that UT yielded the highest quality samples. UT significantly accelerated the thawing rate and had minimal impact on tenderness compared to traditional thawing methods. Moreover, protein and lipid oxidation levels were reduced by UT treatment. Furthermore, it enhanced the binding capacity of protein and water molecules, reduced drip loss, and maintained meat color stability. What's more, amino acid metabolites such as l-glutamic acid, l-proline, oxidized glutathione, and 1-methylhistidine played a significant role in thawing oxidation in Tibetan pork, exhibiting a positive correlation with protein oxidation. UT resulted in a notable decrease in the levels of hypoxanthine and 2-aminomethylpyrimidine, contributing to the reduction of bitterness in the thawed meat and consequently enhancing the freshness of Tibetan pork. This study offers novel insights into understanding the biological changes occurring during the thawing process, while also furnishing a theoretical framework and technical assistance to improve the quality of Tibetan pork and propel advancements in food processing technology.

Species recognition and the divergences in the chemical and ultrasonic signals between two coexisting Rattus species.

The ability to recognize and differentiate between conspecifics and heterospecifics as well as their signals is critical for the coexistence of closely related species. In the genus Rattus, species are morphologically similar and multiple species often coexist. Here, we investigated the interspecific recognition and signal differentiation of two sympatric rat species, the brown rat (Rattus norvegicus, RN) and the Asian house rat (Rattus tanezumi, RT). In a two-way choice test, both RN and RT females showed a preference for conspecific male rats to heterospecific ones. RT females showed a significant preference for accessible urine of males of same species to those of other species, but not for the inaccessible urine. On the other hand, there were significant differences in the structural characteristics of the ultrasonic vocalization emitted by males of these two rat species. Sodium dodecyl sulphate‒polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‒PAGE) and isoelectric focusing electrophoresis unveiled that major urinary proteins (MUPs) in voided urine were more highly expressed in RN males versus RT males. The interspecific differences of urinary volatile compounds were also discussed. In conclusion, female rats had the ability to distinguish between males of either species.

A new and highly efficient source of t-resveratrol: Cephalaria Syriaca (L.) Roem. & Schult.

Recently, interest in bioactive plant compounds has increased due to their properties in preventing and treating diseases like cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. In this study, caffeic acid and t-resveratrol were extracted from Cephalaria syriaca seeds using ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) and supercritical carbon dioxide (Sc-CO2) extraction methods. Independent variables were temperature (40, 60, 80 °C), pressure (130, 215, and 300 bar), and co-solvent ratio (ethanol v/v (3.0, 6.5, 10.0%)) were selected. While extraction process conditions were optimized using response surface methodology, polyphenols were determined by an HPLC system. As a result of the Sc-CO2 experimental studies, maximum caffeic acid (88.75 ± 1.71 µg/g dw) was obtained at 80 °C, 130 bar, and 10% ethanol conditions and maximum t-resveratrol (2949.45 ± 51.78 µg/g dw) was obtained at 60 °C, 130 bar, and 6.5% ethanol conditions. The results of the UAE method were found to be 76.21 ± 2.40 µg/g dw caffeic acid and 4629 ± 123.2 µg/g dw t-resveratrol.

Ultrasonic-driven chemical reduction synthesis of alizarin complexone-modified gold nanoparticles for dual-signal colorimetric and fluorometric sensing of histamine in seafood products.

Alizarin complexone-modified gold nanoparticles (Au0-NPsALz) were synthesized using a proposed ultrasonic irradiation-assisted chemical reduction method. Ultrasonic irradiation powers, reaction time and alizarin complexone concentration had been proven to be the main parameters for controlling the nucleation and growth of Au0-NPsALz. In the synthesized ultrasonic irradiation-assisted chemical reduction conditions, Au0-NPsALz had a spherical oriented morphology with a uniform size of 17.84 ± 1.37 nm and are shiny red with a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of 535 nm. A rapid colorimetric and fluorometric dual-mode detection strategy for selective detection of histamine in seafood was developed based on the self-assembly of Au0-NPsALz-Ni (II) complexes. Ni (II) can capture the histamine molecules close to Au0-NPsALz surfaces, making changes in the colorimetric and fluorometric responses of the solution. The quantitative analysis of histamine was realized through the variation of dual-signal colorimetric and fluorometric responses. Such Au0-NPsALz sensor offered good detection sensitivity for histamine with a detection limit (LOD) of 59.32 µmol L-1 and 116.20 µmol L-1 and wide linear response within the range of 10-10000 µmol L-1 (R2 = 0.9952) and 100-5000 µmol L-1 (R2 = 0.9947) for colorimetric and fluorometric measurement, respectively. Recoveries ranging from 94.99 to 103.29 % and 97.67-106.88 % for colorimetric and fluorometric assay were obtained, showing low levels of matrix effects. Particularly, the results of the dual-mode sensor were also validated by comparing with the HPLC method for improving the assay accuracy and dependability. Ultimately, the developed Au0-NPsALz colorimetric and fluorometric probe performs excellently in practical applications, with promising results for detecting histamine in seafood products.

[Classification and Application of Ultrasound-Responsive Nanomaterials in Anti-Inflammatory Therapy]. / è¶ å£°å“åº”åž‹çº³ç±³ææ–™åœ¨æŠ—ç‚Žæ²»ç–—ä¸­çš„åˆ†ç±»ä¸Žåº”ç”¨.

Ultrasound, a high-frequency mechanical wave with excellent tissue penetration, has been widely applied in medical diagnostic imaging. Furthermore, it has been reported that ultrasound has broad prospects for extensive applications in the field of disease treatment in recent years due to its non-invasiveness and high efficiency. Ultrasound-responsive nanomaterials have the unique advantages of a small size and a high reactivity. Such materials have the capability for precision control of drug release under ultrasound stimulation, which provides a new approach to enhancing the efficiency of drug therapy. Therefore, these materials have attracted the attention of a wide range of scholars. Inflammation is a defensive response produced by organisms to deal with injuries. However, excessive inflammatory response may lead to various tissue damages in organisms and even endanger patients' lives. Many studies have demonstrated that limiting the inflammatory response using ultrasound-responsive nanomaterials is a viable way of treating diseases. Currently, there are still challenges in the application of ultrasound-responsive nanomaterials in anti-inflammatory therapy. The design and synthesis process of nanomaterials is complicated, and further verification of the biocompatibility and safety of these materials is needed. Therefore, in this review, we summarized and classified common ultrasound-responsive nanomaterials in the field of anti-inflammation and systematically introduced the properties of different nanomaterials. In addition, the anti-inflammatory applications of ultrasound-responsive nanomaterials in various diseases, such as bone diseases, skin and muscle diseases, autoimmune diseases, and respiratory diseases, are also described in detail. It is expected that this review will provide insights for further research and clinical applications in the realms of precision treatment, targeted drug delivery, and clinical trial validation of ultrasound-responsive nanomaterials used in anti-inflammatory therapies.

Fundamental characteristics of ultrasonic green formulations using Avena sativa L. extract-mediated gold nanoparticles and electroconductive nanofibers for cardiovascular nursing care.

In the pursuit of novel approaches to address chronic heart failure and enhance cardiovascular nursing care, environmentally sustainable nanomaterials have taken center stage. Recent progress in regenerative medicine has opened doors for the use of biocompatible biomaterials that provide mechanical support to damaged heart tissue and facilitate electrical signaling. This study was dedicated to developing advanced electroconductive nanofibers by incorporating eco-friendly Avena sativa L. extract-mediated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) into polyaniline to create an intricate cardiac patch. The AuNPs were synthesized through an environmentally friendly chemical process aided by ultrasonic conditions. Comprehensive physicochemical analyses, such as UV-Vis spectroscopy, SEM, TEM, DPPH assay, and XRD, were carried out to characterize the AuNPs. These AuNPs were then blended with a polycaprolactone/gelatin polymeric solution and electrospun to fabricate cardiac patches, which underwent thorough evaluation using various techniques. The resulting cardiac patch demonstrated excellent hemocompatibility, antioxidant properties, and cytocompatibility, offering a promising therapeutic approach for myocardial infarctions and the advancement of cardiovascular nursing care.